Unit 2 Civil Rights Heroes Text A The Freedom Givers

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1 Unit 2 Civil Rights Heroes Text A The Freedom Givers
全新版大学英语（第二版）综合教程3 Unit 2 Civil Rights Heroes Text A The Freedom Givers October, 2012

2 Learning Objectives To grasp the main idea of the passage.
To learn some cultural background To learn the usage of some useful words and expressions To grasp the key language points and grammatical structures To recite Para. 4-5

3 Text Organization The Freedom Givers Part One ( Paras 1-5 )
Part Two ( Paras 6-23) Story 1 (Paras6-10) Story 2 (Paras11-15) Story 3 (Paras16-23)

4 Text Organization The text can be divided into two parts. Parts
Main idea It is high time to honor the heroes who helped liberate slaves by forging the Underground Railroad in the early civil-rights struggles in America. Part One Para 1-5 By citing examples the author praises the exploits (功绩，英勇行为) of civil-rights heroes who helped slaves travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Part Two Para 6-23

5 Text Organization Part One Introduction
In this part the author provides the readers with some background to show that those civil rights heroes ought to be praised or honored. Part Two Examples In Part Two, the author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and the early Black civil rights movement. They are representatives of all participants in this movement.

6 John Parker Levi Coffin Josiah Henson
Read the three stories and locate the names of the freedom givers and summarize their deeds. Three Freedom Givers John Parker Levi Coffin Josiah Henson a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railroad. a brave white “conductor”

7 The Three Stories Civil-Rights Givers Story One
After winning his own freedom from slavery, John Parker helped other slaves to escape north to Canada to get freedom. (Para 6-10) Civil-Rights Givers Story Two Story Three Supported by a strong religious conviction, the white man Levi Coffin helped black slaves to escape at huge risk.(Para 11-15) By traveling the Underground Railroad, Josiah Henson reached his destination and become free at last. Para (16-23)

8 Some terms of Christianity
the Creator 上帝（造物主） an African-American Moses 非洲裔美国领导者(美国黑人领导者) (Moses:《圣经》故事中犹太人古代领袖) Quaker 贵格会教徒：教友协会的成员 Bible 《圣经》 methodist minister 卫理公会教派的牧师 Bethlehem 伯利恒(耶路撒泠南方六英里一市镇,耶稣诞生地) salvation 拯救, 救助，(神学)超度，赎罪

9 Three Characteristics
Text Analysis Three Characteristics 1. The representativeness of the characters The author tells three stories about the Underground Railroad and the early Black civil rights movement. The three stories are chosen because they are representative of all participants in this movement: John Parker is a freed slave who later turned into a courageous “conductor”; Levi Coffin is a brave white “conductor”; Josiah Henson is a slave who struggled his way to freedom with the help of the Underground Railway.

10 Text Analysis 2. The Coherence of the text
We learn about the name of Josiah Henson at the beginning of the text, yet his full story is not told until the last part. In this way the author achieves coherence of text. That all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness ---Declaration of Independence “He was confident that the Creator intended all men to be created equal. And he never gave up struggling for that freedom.” (P1)

11 Text A The Freedom Givers
` Theme: Civil-Rights Heroes Josiah Henson Text A The Freedom Givers Observation: The name of Josiah Henson appeared at the beginning of the text, but the full story is not told until the last part. And consider the purpose for the author to compose in this way. Josiah Henson was born a slave on 15th June, 1789 in Charles County, Maryland. He was sold three times before he reached the age of eighteen. By 1830, Henson had saved up $350 to purchase his freedom. After giving his master the money he was told that the price had increased to $1,000. Cheated of his money, Henson decided to escape with his wife and four children. After reaching Canada, Henson formed a community where he taught other ex-slaves how to be successful farmers. His autobiography, The Life of Josiah Henson (1849) was read by Harriet Beecher Stowe and inspired her best-selling novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin.

12 Text A The Freedom Givers
` Theme: Civil-Rights Heroes Josiah Henson Text A The Freedom Givers Ask Ss to read the story of John Parker (Para 6-10 ) and then sum up the main idea of this part John Parker was born into slavery in Norfolk, Virginia in He bought his freedom for $1,800 and in 1849 he and his wife moved to Ripley where he worked in the ironworks. Parker was an integral part of the Underground Railroad; he helped fugitive slaves cross the Ohio River from Kentucky as they went north to freedom. For nearly fifteen years Parker risked his life and his own freedom by hiding in coffins, diving off a steamboat into the river with bounty hunters on his trail as he fought for the freedom of the enslaved

13 Text A The Freedom Givers
` Theme: Civil-Rights Heroes Josiah Henson Text A The Freedom Givers Ask Ss to read the story of Levi coffin (Para ) and then sum up the main idea of this part Levi Coffin was born in Greensboro, on 28th October, Later he became as a member of the Society of Friends. Coffin attempted in 1821 to start a school for slaves but their owners refused to allow them to attend. In 1826 Coffin moved to Newport, Indiana. This was on the route where fugitive slaves made their way from the South to Canada. Coffin soon became involved in helping the runaways and it has been estimated that over 3,000 slaves stayed at his home during their journey.

14 ◆ Classic sentence accumulation
Classic phrases give up 放弃 stand up for 支持，保护，维护 in many ways 在很多方面 be intent on 坚决要做某事 on the side 作为兼职，秘密地 close in (on/around) 接近，包围 as for 至于 make the best of 尽量利用，充分利用 at risk 有风险，冒风险 in the eyes of 在（某人）看来 pass for 被称为，被看作

15 New Words and Expressions
Language Points New Words and Expressions Difficult Sentences

16 Key words and expressions needed to be grasped
symbolize authorize exploit (n./v.) forge convict (v.) convict sb. of sth. (以某种罪名定某人罪) conviction (定罪；信仰), pursue schedule convey inspire shelter stand up for be intent on (doing) sth. close in (on/around) in one’s regard impose (on) as for/as to make the best of at risk in the eyes of pass for on the side live on

17 back to a time 回到过去某个时候/时代
1. A gentle breeze swept the Canadian plains as I stepped outside the small two-story house. Alongside me was a slender woman in black dress, my guide back to a time when the surrounding settlement in Dresden, Ontario, was home to a hero in American history. （P1） back to a time 回到过去某个时候/时代 my guide back to a time when …: my guide who brought me back to a time when… be home to: be the origin of 发源于，住着，有 中国是佛教的发源地。 China is home to Buddhism. 中国是世界珍稀动物大熊猫的故乡。 China is home to the world rare species, panda.

18 Alongside me was a slender woman in black dress, my guide back to a time when the surrounding settlement in Dresden, Ontario, was home to a hero in American history. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities. Inverted Order A slender woman in a black dress was alongside me; she was my guide who took me back to a time when …. Paraphrase 译文 我身边是一位身材苗条的黑衣女子，她是把我带回到过去的向导。那时，安大略省的莱思顿这一带住着美国历史上的以为英雄。

19 the Huabei Plains as I the headquarters. Alongside me was my guide
Translation 当我从二层楼的指挥部出来时，一阵煦和的微风轻轻吹过华北平原．在我身边的是将把我带回冀北革命根据地的向导，那儿也是成千上百万抗日英雄的故乡． stepped outside A gentle breeze swept the Huabei Plains as I the headquarters. Alongside me was my guide the revolutionary base in North Hebei, which thousands of anti-Japanese heroes. two-story back to is home to

20 8. In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U.S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it’s about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories. (P5) authorize: give approval, permission or authority to sb. for sth. 批准(拨款等)；授权(某人做某事） n. authority 权威，当局(pl.) The central government authorized $200 billion to construct the new dams for generating hydro-electric power. 中央政府拨款200亿美元建造新的大坝用来水力发电. In September, 2005, President George Bush authorized John Roberts as/to be Chief Justice of the US Supreme Court. 他被授权发表下列声明 He was authorized to issue the following statement.

21 琼海市政府审批了10万元资金来举办这次海南抗战展览会，以表彰当年的抗战英雄，歌颂他们的业绩。展览会计划在8月举行，杨年伦只是众多的英雄人物之一。当年，他和冯白驹与战友们打造了抗日游击队琼崖支队，把许多村镇从日军的控制中解放出来。我十分热衷于报道这次展览。 authorized The Qionghai Municipal Government ,000 yuan for the Exhibition of the Anti-Japanese battles in Hainan, to _____ the heroes at the time and __________________. The exhibition _________________ in August. Yang Nianlun is ____one of many heroes. In those years, he and Feng Baiju, together with their comrades-in-arms, ______ the Qiongya Branch of the Anti-Japanese guerrilla forces and _______ many towns and villages from the Japanese control. I ___________ reporting this exhibition. honor sing their exploits is scheduled to open but forged liberated am intent on

22 12. There was room for all but two. (P9)
but: (prep.) except He took everything but that. Everyone has known it but you. Put it anywhere but on the floor. She is anything but considerate. I know them all but two. I have no other choice but to wait. They did nothing but complain. =not at all 根本不，一点也不 =only 仅仅，只是

23 17. Word spread that fleeing slaves could always find refuge at the Coffin home. At times he sheltered as many as 17 fugitives at once, and he kept a team and wagon ready to convey them on the next leg of their journey. Eventually three principal routes converged at the Coffin house, … (P12) spread, spread, spread Word spread that …..人们传说，有消息传出 find/take refuge 避难，躲避；寻求庇护 During the storm, we took refuge in a cave. refugee n. 难民，避难者；流亡者，逃亡者 During the war, many refugees fled to Britain. a refugee camp 难民营；难民收容所

24 shelter v. n. 1. 保护，掩护，庇护；遮蔽 2. 躲藏处；隐避处；遮蔽物
We must shelter from the rain, or we shall get wet. He was accused of sheltering criminals. Trees are a shelter from the sun. Trees provide shelter from the sun. convey: transfer; express 传达，表达；运送 This train conveys about 300 passengers every day. I can’t convey my feelings in words. converge: 汇集，聚合，集中 Three rivers converged in this city. All spectators converged in Hong Kong to watch this horse race. leg: 一段路程

25 18. In the North, a magistrate might have imposed a fine or a brief jail sentence for aiding those escaping. (P13) impose: 把…强加于，强制执行；征收（税），罚（款） 当地政府对于那些将未处理的污水倒入河里的工厂要克以罚金. The local government tried to impose fines on the factories which poured untreated waste into the river. 我不想把我的宗教信仰强加于任何人. I wouldn’t want to impose my religious conviction on anyone. 对于父母而言将自己的兴趣强加于孩子是不明智的. It may not be wise for parents to impose their own tastes on their children.

26 19. On one occasion, Levi Coffin was transporting so many runaway slaves that he disguised them as a funeral procession. (P15) disguise 1) give sb./ sth. a false appearance 假扮，伪装 (used in the pattern: disguise sb./ sth. as…) Mulan disguised herself as a man so she could fight on the battlefield. Jack escaped across the border disguised as a priest. 2) hide (the real state of things) 伪装，掩饰，隐藏 It is impossible to disguise the fact that the business is bad.

27 20. Making the best of his lot, Henson worked diligently and rose far in his owner’s regard. (P17)
译文：亨森非常认命，干活勤勉，深受主人器重。 make the best of: 充分利用；尽量利用 The living conditions in the village were poor, but we had to make the best of it. She can always make the best of the situation. lot: fate 命运 in one’s regard: in one’s eyes 在…看来；在…眼里 The self-reliant man stands high in his friends’ regard. Paraphrase “rose far in his owner’s regard”. He was regarded highly by his owner. 他深受主人的器重

28 Collocation with “regard”
with regard to adv. 关于；至于 in this regard 就这一点而言 in regard to 关于 regard as vt. 把…认作 as regards 至于，关于 regard for 对…的注意没，尊重；考虑到 without regard to 不考虑；不顾及 in regard of 关于… pay regard to 重视；注意到 regard highly 器重；重视；尊重

29 21. Money problems finally compelled his master to send Henson …（P18）
compel sb. to do sth.: force sb. to do sth. 强迫, 强求 Poverty and debts compelled some underdeveloped countries to overexplore their natural resources. feel compelled to do something 感到必须 (做某事) Dickens felt compelled to return to the stage for a final goodbye. 狄更斯感到必须返回舞台作最后的告别。

30 22. “I throw my self on the ground, rolled in the sand and danced around, till, in the eyes of several who were present, I passed for a madman.” (P22) in the eyes of : in the opinion of 在…眼里; 在…心目中; 从…来看 In the eyes of his students, Richard is a sensible and reliable teacher. In the eyes of my parents, I am still a young boy, although I am already in my forties. pass for: be regarded as, appear like 看上去像；被认为；冒充，假扮 He speaks English so well that he can pass for a native speaker of English. She is 40, but I think she could pass for 25 without trouble.

31 Comprehensive Exercises

32 A R _ main Useful Expressions Sentence Translation
Listening and Speaking Problem Solving Writing Practice Talk about the Pictures Proverbs and Quotations

33 A R _ Useful Expressions 1
1. 微风 a gentle breeze 2. 支持 stand up for 3. 有原则的人 a man of principle 4. 历史遗迹 a historic site 5. 解放奴隶 liberate slaves 6. 决定要做某事 be intent on doing sth. 7. 轻轻的敲门声 a soft knock

34 A R _ Useful Expressions 2
8. 铸铁 iron molding 9. 传播消息 spread the news 10. 宗教信仰 religious convictions 11. 寻得庇护 find refuge 12. 下一段行程 next leg of the journey 13. 主要路线 principal routes 14. 面临危险 face risks

35 A R _ Useful Expressions 3
15. 课以罚金 impose a fine 16. 记录 keep a log of 17. 路标 road signs 18. 出殡队伍 a funeral procession 19. 未开垦的土地 a virgin land 20. 在（某人）看来 in the eyes of (sb.)

36 Translation 1. 地下铁路是由那些帮助黑奴逃往自由之地的英雄们努力创建的。
The Underground Railroad was forged by the heroes who helped slaves to escape north to liberty. 2. 在这些曾帮助把奴隶运送到北方的英雄当中，有些人以前自已就是奴隶。 Among these heroes who helped to transport slaves to the north and freedom, some of them were former slaves themselves.

37 Translation 3. 另外一些白人“列车员”由于其根深蒂固的信仰，觉得自己不能不参与其中。
Other white “conductors” felt compelled to take part (in it) because of their deeply held convictions. 4. 对许多参与者来说，把奴隶从剥削者那儿解放出来成了他们的使命。 For many of those involved, liberating the slaves from those who exploited them became a mission. 5. 当然，他们的最终目的是彻底废除奴隶制度。 Certainly, their eventual goal was to abolish slavery completely.

38 Translation 1.虽然受到全球金融危机后果的巨大影响，但是我们仍然相信我们能够面对挑战，克服危机。
Though greatly affected by the consequences of the global financial crisis, we are still confident that we can face up to the challenge and overcome the crisis. 2. 在持续不断的沙尘暴的威胁下，我们被迫离开我 们喜爱的村庄，搬迁到新的地方。 Under threat of constant sand storms, we were compelled to leave our cherished village and move to the new settlement.

39 Translation 3. 根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。
3. 根据最近的网上调查，许多消费者说他们也许会有兴趣考虑购买电视广告中播放的产品。 According to a recent online survey, a lot of consumers say they may be motivated to consider buying products shown in TV commercials. 4. 看到卡车司机把受污染的废弃物倒在河边，老人马上向警方报告. Having spotted a truck driver dumping contaminated waste alongside the river, the old man reported to the police at once.

40 Translation 5. 一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物，因为它们能够提高产量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。
5. 一些科学家坚信人们总有一天会喜欢转基因农作物，因为它们能够提高产量，帮助发展中国家战胜饥荒和疾病。 Some scientists hold to the firm conviction that people will come to like genetically modified crops someday since they can increase yields and help combat hunger and disease in the developing world.

41 Passage Translation 1. 痛苦的奴隶生活坚定了亨森为自由而战的决心。
Henson’s painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. 2. 他获得自由后不久就成了一个帮助逃跑奴隶的组织的一员。 Soon after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves.

42 Passage Translation 3. 他几次偷偷地回到美国帮助其他奴隶通过地下铁路获得自由。
He secretly returned to the United States several times to help others to travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. 4. 有一次在逃跑时， 亨森和几个逃跑的奴隶被捕捉奴隶的人包围。 Once some slave hunters/ catchers closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run.

43 Passage Translation 5. 他将逃跑的奴隶乔装打扮一番， 成功地躲避了追捕。
He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. 6. 另外， 他在得累斯顿为逃跑的奴隶建造了一个居住小区， 并建了教堂和学校， 逃跑的奴隶们在这里能够学到有用的谋生之道。 In addition, he built a small settlement in Dresden for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living.

44 Passage Translation 7. 他坚信奴隶制将被废除， 所有奴隶终将获得解放， 种族歧视消灭的那天一定会到来。
He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.

45 Part VI Translation: Translate the following passage into English, using the words and phrases given below. Settlement painful capture underground racial conviction disguise abolish liberate close in on   痛苦的奴隶生活坚定了亨森为自由而战的决心。他获得自由后不久就成了一个帮助逃跑奴隶的组织中的一员。他几次偷偷地回到美国帮助其他奴隶通过地下铁路获得自由。有一次在逃跑时，亨森和几个逃跑的奴隶被捕捉奴隶的人包围。他将逃跑的奴隶乔装打扮一番，成功的躲过了追捕。另外，他在得累斯顿为逃跑的奴隶建造了一个居住小区，并建了教堂和学校，逃跑的奴隶们在这里能够学到有用的谋生之道。他坚信奴隶制将被废除，所有奴隶终将获得解放，种族歧视消失的那天一定会到来。

46 Key: Henson’s painful life as a slave strengthened his determination to struggle for freedom. Shortly after he achieved freedom he became a member of an organization that assisted fugitive slaves. He secretly returned to the United States several times to help others travel the Underground Railroad to freedom. Once some slave catches closed in on the escaping slaves and Henson when they were on the run. He disguised them and successfully avoided capture. In addition, he built a small settlement in Dresden for escaped slaves, setting up a chapel and a school where they could learn useful ways of making a living. He held to the conviction that slavery would be abolished, all the slaves would be liberated, and the day was bound to come when racial discrimination no longer existed.

47 Paragraphs to be recited
4 Yet this stop was only part of a much larger mission for me. Josiah Henson is but one name on a long list of courageous men and women who together forged the Underground Railroad, a secret web of escape routes and safe houses that they used to liberate slaves from the American South. Between 1820 and 1860, as many as 100,000 slaves traveled the Railroad to freedom. 但此地只是我所承担的繁重使命的一处停留地。乔赛亚•亨森只是一长串无所畏惧的男女名单中的一个名字，这些人共同创建了这条“地下铁路”，一条由逃亡线路和可靠的人家组成的用以解放美国南方黑奴的秘密网络。在1820年至1860年期间，多达十万名黑奴经由此路走向自由。

48 5 In October 2000, President Clinton authorized $16 million for the National Underground Railroad Freedom Center to honor this first great civil-rights struggle in the U. S. The center is scheduled to open in 2004 in Cincinnati. And it's about time. For the heroes of the Underground Railroad remain too little remembered, their exploits still largely unsung. I was intent on telling their stories. 2000年10月，克林顿总统批准拨款1600万美元建造全国“地下铁路”自由中心，以此纪念美国历史上第一次伟大的民权斗争。中心计划于2004年在辛辛那提州建成。真是该建立这样一个中心的时候了。因为地下铁路的英雄们依然默默无闻，他们的业绩依然少人颂扬。我要讲述他们的故事。

49 Review the text and try to learn all the new words, phrases and useful expressions by heart.
Read Para. 4-5 aloud and recite them. Self-study Text B, Unit 2 after class. Finish all the exercises in your textbooks for Unit. Write an article titled “Freedom Is Not Given But Earned”