阅读理解 题型及技巧 ( 三 ).

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1 阅读理解 题型及技巧 ( 三 )

2 So, do with care.所以要小心

3 ２００５年高考大纲中关于阅读理解的要求 要求考生读懂熟悉的有关日常生活话题的简短文字材料，例如公告、说明、广告以及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。考生应能： 　１、理解主旨要义； 　２、理解文中具体信息； 　３、根据上下文推断生词的词义； 　４、作出简单判断和理解； 　５、理解文章的基本结构； 　６、理解作者的意图和态度。

4 2001—2005年阅读理解试题分类情况 题目设计数量 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 试题设计分类 事实细节题 3 5
11 4 主旨大意题 词义猜测题 1 推理判断题 9 7 2 识图计算题

5 2006英语高考专题讲座 阅读理解之 猜测词意 猜测词意 构词法 上下文

6 1、定义或解释说明 ●标点符号 ( ) ---- :
●标点符号 ( ) : It will be very hard but also very brittle--- that is, it will break easily. Tornadoes ( violent and destructive whirl wind ) normally occur on hot, humid ( a little wet ) day, but not necessarily in the summer.

7 1、定义或解释说明 ●定语从句或同位语 Modern medicine began with the stethoscope, a medical tool used for listening to the movements of a person’s lungs and his heartbeats. He was a prestidigitator who entertained the children by pulling rabbits out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.

8 1、定义或解释说明 ●信号词：be, be called, means, be defined as
A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. Desert can be defined as a large area of land where there is not enough rain and vegetation to support human life.

9 Ex. 1 ◎A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. ◎His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. ◎The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year. ◎We are on the night shift --- from midnight to 8 a.m. --- this week. 木匠 动物学家 牧人 夜班

10 2、对比关系 信号词: but, however, yet, otherwise, while, though, on the one hand…on the other hand, for one thing…for another thing, instead of 等 Though Tom’s face has been washed quite clean, his neck still remains grubby. John usually wastes a lot of money on such useless things, his wife, however, is very thrifty.

11 Ex. 2 ◎In the past the world seemed to run in an orderly way. Now, however, everything seems to be in a state of turmoil. ◎If you agree, write “ yes”; if you dissent, write “no”. ◎Some human actions are learned, but quite a few other actions are innate. ◎Although a large number of people considered him to have stolen the money, I was sure that he was innocent of the theft. 混乱 不同意 天生的 无辜的

12 3、因果关系 信号词: because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, so…that, such…that, thus Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is very elastic. The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow.

13 Ex. 3 ◎Since I could not afford to purchase the original painting, I bought a replica. An inexperienced eye could not tell the difference. ◎He’s such a shrewd businessman that he loses no money in any trade. ◎She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. 复制品 精明的 修剪

14 4、举例法 信号词: such, such as, like, for example/ instance, especially, include, consist of Cars must have certain safety devices such as seat belt, headlights, and good brakes. On the farm they mainly raise poultry, such as chickens, ducks and geese, for their eggs and meat.

15 5、重述 信号词: or, that is ( to say ), in other words, to put it another way, i.e. In some countries where there is very little rain, the farmers have to irrigate, or water, their fields. All whales fall into two groups, those with teeth and those without, Dolphins belong to odontoceti, that is to say, they are toothed whales.

16 6、同义词、近义词 信号词: or, like , as…as, the same as The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged. My aunt was an old woman, almost as plump as mother, and much shorter.

17 7、生活经验, 生活常识, 逻辑推理 When a doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. When you throw a stone into still water of a lake, you will watch a ripple spread in rings on the surface of water. Metal expands when heated and contracts when cooled.

18 Ex. ◎One of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. ◎Because this chemical liquid is highly volatile, we must keep it in a bottle which has a tight lid. ◎In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. 症状 易挥发的 颤抖

19 小试身手 Albert’s success after much effort and practice proves the value of persistence. A. time B. competition C. perseverance 2. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的　C.有效的　D. 匆促的 3. Though Mr. Smith has been manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greater achievements than his predecessors. A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级 祝 你 成 功 !

20 4. She didn’t hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading.
A. 心不在焉的 B.紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D.睡意浓的 5. Twelve-year-old Sally was an active girl. But her sister was quite sedate. A. pretty B. calm C. protective D. energetic 6. He is a resolute man. Once he makes up his mind to do something, he won’t give it up halfway. A. strong B. firm C. kind D. clever 祝 你 成 功 !

21 A. work B. study C. name D. interest
7. The official asked the man what his occupation was. The man told him that he worked as an engineer. A. work B. study C. name D. interest 8. Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city A. town B. capital C. country D. house 9. You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning. A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers 祝 你 成 功 !

22 10. The flowers in the vase withered because they had no water.
A. became sweeter B. became red C. became dry 11. Just for fun, they decided to try a very circuitous country road instead of the more direct highway. A. direct B. indirect C. straight 12. That museum is so immense that it will be impossible to see all the exhibits in one day. A. small B. large C. dull 祝 你 成 功 !

23 celebrity (A.名人 B.作家 C.主持人) Two years ago that singer had no money and no fame. Now she is a famous celebrity. enterprising (A.令人惊讶的 B.神秘的 C.有进取心的) Frank is a very enterprising person. He always thinks of new ideas to make his business run better. in the public eye That actress has been in the public eye almost all her life. She first appeared on a TV show when she was 8 years old. promote ( A.提升 B.推销 C.遥控) If you want the boss to choose you for the job, promote yourself as the best person. ultimately ( A.按时地 B.最终 C.幸福地) Bob just started dating(约会) Susan. He hopes this relationship will ultimately lead to marriage.

24 Tips: in public在公众场合 the public大众 eye眼睛 Guess
What does “in the public eye” mean? A. 公众熟悉的,出名的 Tips: in public在公众场合 the public大众 eye眼睛 Guess B. 在群众的眼里 C. 公开的 D. 令人眼热的 Mr Zhang often appears in public. But he is not famous—he is not in the public eye.

25 8. 根据生词所在的上下文猜测词义 例题： Tom can’t find his sneakers. C. shoes A. money B. bowls Tom can’t find his white sneakers． Tom can’t play tennis now because he can’t find his white sneakers.

26 l）Jane is usually prompt. A．late B．on time C．pleased
Jane is usually prompt for her classes． Jane is usually prompt for all her classes，but she arrived in the middle of her first class. 方法

27 2）Tom saw an owl last night．
A．a bird B．an animal C．the sun Tom saw an owl in a tree last night． Tom saw an owl last night but it flew away when he got near．

28 3）The boy wants a pony． A．dog B．cat C．horse The boy wants a brown pony． The boy wants to ride a brown pony.

29 4）The children are looking at an ape.
A．a kind of monkey B．a kind of snake C．a kind of bird The children are looking at an ape at the zoo． The children are looking at a large, hairy(毛的) ape at the zoo．

30 5）The trout is very cheap．
A．fish B．fruit C．apple The fresh trout is very cheap． The fresh trout is very cheap, but I don’t know how to cook it．

31 6) The lady asked the waitress to get her a saucer．
A．a glass B．a cake C．a small plate The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer． The lady asked the waitress to get her a clean saucer to put her coffee cup on．

32 7)We seldom see a sparrow now.
A．a kind of dog B．a kind of plane C．a kind of bird We seldom see a sparrow in the sky. We seldom see a sparrow in the sky because the air is not so clean now as used to be．

33 高考英语阅读理解中的深层理解技巧

34 Reading Comprehension Skills Deep layer comprehension
高考阅读理解中的深层理解技巧 Reading Comprehension Skills Deep layer comprehension 1、题目(title) 2、文章中心（main idea) 深层理解题 3、写作目的（purpose) 4、作者态度（attitude) 5. 内容的深层推理 (inference)

35 解题技巧： 1、独特新颖 题目的特点 2、涵盖性强 3、短小精炼 常用的表达句式：
一、题目 1、独特新颖 题目的特点 2、涵盖性强 3、短小精炼 常用的表达句式： What is the best title for this passage? The best headline for this newspaper article is 解题技巧： 题目判断方法是寻找主题句或主题段落，从开头、中间或结尾概括,没有主题句的要从全文大意来概括.

36 C D 1、主题句出现在开头。模式：总 分 分（演绎法）即开门见山。新闻报道、 说明文、议论文常用此方式。 Passage 1
1、主题句出现在开头。模式：总 分 分（演绎法）即开门见山。新闻报道、 说明文、议论文常用此方式。 Passage 1 The best title for this text would be A. Pets Help Attract Customers B.Your Favorite Office Pets C C. Pets Join the Workforce D. Busy Life for Pets 　Pet owners are being encouraged to take their animals to work, a move scientists say can be good for productivity,workplace morale，and the well-being of animals. … Passage 2 What would be the best title for the text? A. A Cross-country Trip B. A Special Border Pass C. An Unguarded Border D. An Expensive Church Visit D Montreal(Reuters)----Crossing the US-Canada border( 边界)to go to church on a Sunday cost a US citizen $10000 for breaking Washington’s strict new security（安全）rules. …

37 D Passage 3 What would be the best title for the text? …
２、主题句出现在结尾。模式：分 分 总（归纳法）即先摆事实，后作结论。 Passage 3 What would be the best title for the text? Alice-cities cities of the future? B. Space travel with H.G.Wells C.Enjoy living underground D. Building down, not up D 导引　　　　　摆事实　　　　　结论 … Supporters of underground development say that building down rather than building up is a good way to use the earth’s space. The surface,they say,can be used for farms,parks, gardens, and wilderness. H.G. Wells’ “moon people” would agree. Would you?

38 A Passage 4 3、主题句出现在中间。模式：分 总 分（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行 论述）。
3、主题句出现在中间。模式：分 总 分（即通过导引部分引出主题再进行 论述）。 Passage 4 What would be the best title for this passage ? Lung cancer is the No.1 cancer killer B.Smoking is a bad habit Dr.Derek Raghavan advises people to stop smoking Why did Peter Jennings die of Lung cancer? A … Lung cancer is the worst cancer killer in America according to the American Cancer Society. About 160,440 Americans die each year from lung cancer,accounting for 28 percent of all cancer deaths. More than 87 percent of lungcancers are smoking related, according to the Lung Cancer Organization.

39 B Passage 5 4、无主题句，题目要从整体文章中概括。要特别留意文章的事实和线索。
Which of the following would be the title for the text ? A. Childhood Dream B. A Mother’s Love C. A Graduation Party D. A Special Birthday B Facts: my 12th birthday my graduation dance feel loved like the gardenia mother’s death Clue: love

40 二、文章中心 特别注意： 1、直接文章中心：直接从文章的信息点提到或概括出来的中心主旨。
常用的句式有：The main idea of the passage is The passage is mainly about What’s the main subject of the passage? 解题技巧：概括文章的中心方法基本上跟题目判断方法一致。 特别注意： 文章中的but,however,as a result,therefore等词。它们通常是引出中心主旨 的方向词。而for example,first,or to begin with等是引出细节的信息词，在 它们之前往往提到文章的中心主旨。

41 Passage 6 You might think that “global warming” means nothing more than a rise in the world’s temperature.But, rising sea levels caused by it have resulted in the first evacuation( 撤离 ) of an island nation----the citizens of Tuvalu will have to leave their homeland. … B The text is mainly about rapid changes in earth’s temperature B. bad effects of global warming C. moving of a country to a new place D. reasons for lowland flooding

42 D 常用的句式： From the text we can learn that
2. 隐含文章中心：从文章表面的信息去推断文章隐藏的中心主旨。 常用的句式： From the text we can learn that From the passage,we can conclude that From the passage,we can infer that The text implies(suggests) that Passage 7 D From the passage,we can infer that Babbage failed to be a famous scientist at Cambridge. Babbage always had new ideas but gave them up easily. Babbage always needed support from the government officials. Babbage was the first designer of the modern computer.

43 A 三、写作目的 常用表达的句式：What is the purpose of this article?
1、 文章目的：跟文章中心归纳一致。 常用表达的句式：What is the purpose of this article? The purpose of this passage is 2、作者的写作目的：是作者写这篇文章 的言外之意。 常用的表达句式： What’s the author’s purpose of writing this article? The author writes this passage in order to The purpose of the speaker is Passage 8 A The purpose of the speaker is to satisfy the customers’ various tastes to keep the authors in the cinema bookstore C. to offer the tourists chances to meet the film stars D. to turn the readers into film produces

44 A 四、作者态度、倾向 Passage 9 作者态度，倾向是指作者对陈述的观点是赞同、反对还是犹豫不决，
对记叙文或描写的人、物或事件等是赞颂、同情、冷漠还是厌恶、憎恨等。 常用的表达句式：The author’s attitude towards this article is Passage 9 Why isn’t your newspaper reporting any good news? All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿), and death.Frankly, I am sick of all this bad news. A This author’s attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to A.complain B. apologize C. amuse D.inform

45 C 五、具体内容的深层推理 Passage 10 深层推理是指不直接说出，而是从片语信息中推导出深层的内涵。
常用的表达句式：What can we infer from the(second,third,last) paragraph or one’s words? The second paragraph implies (suggests) that Passage 10 “If people say to you: the greenhouse effect （温室效应）is a good thing because we would go into an ice age otherwise ,our data say no, a new ice age is not hanging over or heads,” said Eric Wolff from the British Antarctic Survey. “ Now we have eight examples of how the climate goes in and out of ice ages….And you can learn what the rules are that go into the climate models that tell us about the future.” C We can infer from Eric Wolff’s words that there is something wrong with the data greenhouse effect is always a bad thing C. a new ice age will not come in the near future D. greenhouse gas will get thick in the future

46 Goodbye