Grammar & usage.

Presentation on theme: "Grammar & usage."— Presentation transcript:

1 Grammar & usage

2 Complete the sentences according to the article on P2-P3.
have stepped up Police in America ______________ their search for a fifteen-year-old boy who went missing … 2.This incident ___________great interest due to reports of … has received has taken charge of 3. When asked …, who__________________ the case, told …

3 the Present Perfect Tense

4 Are the following sentences the ones with present perfect tense
1. It’s happened to me! 2. So, while we have not dismissed the idea, we are looking into other possibilities as well. 3. Have you seen the film?

5 The boy ___________(catch) a bird.
The boy is very happy. The boy ___________(catch) a bird. has caught (in the past) The boy caught a bird. (at present ) The boy is happy.

6 Summary (1): We use the present perfect tense to talk about things that happened in the recent past, but are connected to the present.

7 Daniel _______ (live) in Beijing since he came to China.
has lived Daniel _______ (live) in Beijing since he came to China. came has lived ________________________________________ past now future

8 Summary (2): We use the present perfect tense to talk about something that started in the past, and is still happening now.

9 I __________ (be) to Egypt twice.
I went to Egypt in 1986. I went to Egypt in 2004. I __________ (be) to Egypt twice. have been

10 Summary (3): We can also use the present perfect tense for repeated actions.

11 Sentence pattern 2. It is (has been) + 时段 +since + S + did/时点
1.S+ have/has done + since + S + did/时点 2. It is (has been) + 时段 +since + S + did/时点 3. This (That/It) is the first (second…) time + that + have /has done 4. This (That/It) is 形容词最高级 … + that + have/has done

12 Summary (5): 1. Eric has already opened the window.
2. They have just played a ball game. 3. I haven’t seen Justin since. Summary (5): We use the present perfect tense with time expressions such as: already, yet, ever, never, just, lately, recently, for, since, so far , in the last/ past +…

13 2. They have lived here _____1990.
Fill in blanks with since or for 1. She has learnt English _____ 3 years. 2. They have lived here _____1990. 3. They have lived here _____ they came.

14 × √ √ Decide whether the sentences are true or false.
I've left Shanghai for three days. I've been away from Shanghai for three days. It is /has been three days since I left Shanghai. √ √

15 come / go / arrive /get / reach / move die close become(成为） borrow
常见终止性动词 come / go / arrive /get / reach / move die   close become(成为） borrow  begin / start put on  leave  buy fall asleep end / finish  catch a cold join  

16 come / go / arrive /get / reach / move---be
常见终止性动词与延续性动词(或状态动词)的对应关系 come / go / arrive /get / reach / move---be die---be dead   close---be closed  become---be  borrow---keep  begin / start---be on  put on----wear  leave---be away (from)  buy---have fall asleep---be asleep end / finish---be over  catch a cold---have a cold  join the army---be in the army 

17 Translate these sentences into English.
1.汤姆回来一个多星期了。 Tom has been back for over a week. 2.你离开学校多久了？ How long have you been away from school? 3. 他自从来到我们学校就买了这辆自行车。 He has had the bike since he came to our school. 4. 这本书我借了一个月了。 I have kept the book for a month. 5.电影已放映半小时了。 The film has been on for half an hour.

18 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 现在完成时所表明的是过去发生的动作对现在的影响，强调的是现在的情况，
不可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991, three days ago last time, last night等连用 一般过去时表明的是过去发生的事实，和现在不发生关系。 可以和表示过去的时间状语yesterday, in 1991, three days ago last time, last night等连用

19 The boy ________________ (have) dinner since five minutes ago.
The boy started having dinner five minutes ago. He is still having dinner now. The boy ________________ (have) dinner since five minutes ago. has been having The man started working in the field half an hour ago. He is still working now. The man ______________ (work) in the field for half an hour. has been working

20 the Present Perfect Continuous Tense
Form: have/has + been + doing have/has not been doing Have/Has … been doing ?

21 haven’t been sleeping 1. I ______________________ ( not sleep) well . 2. He _________________ (wait ) for an hour. 3. _____ you _______________ (watch) TV? 4. She _________________French since three years ago. has been waiting Have been watching has been learning

22 Li Jia __________ (read) a book about Stonehenge.
has read Li Jia __________ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She finished reading the book.) Li Jia ______________ (read) a book about Stonehenge. (She is still reading the book.) has been reading

23 I ____________Egypt many times. (repeated actions)
have visited I ____________Egypt many times. (repeated actions) The man _____________ (skate) this morning. (non-stop action) has been skating

24 I___________________a book. 1.我一直在写一本书。 I ______________ a book.
用现在完成时或现在完成进行时完成下列句子： have been writing I___________________a book. 1.我一直在写一本书。 I ______________ a book. 2.我已经写了一本书。 They __________________ a bridge. 3.他们一直在造一座桥。 They _____________a bridge. 4.他们造了一座桥。 have written have been building have built

25 当句中有never, ever, just, already, yet, before等时，常用现在完成时。
√ ( ) I have ever visited America. ( ) I have already been to America. ( ) I have never been visiting America. √  never

26 √ × √ √ Compare 1)She has had the pen for 2 years.
2) She has been having the pen for 2 years. 3)She has written many compositions with this pen. 4)She has been writing compositions with this pen. state verb × √ action verb √

27 √ √ √ √ 有些现在完成进行时的句子等同于现在完成时的句子。
　　They have been living in this city for ten years. 　　They have lived in this city for ten years. 　　I have been working here for five years. 　　I have worked here for five years. √ √ √ √

28 √ √ √ √ √(state verb ) √ √ √ Present perfect Tense
Present Perfect continuous Tense Action happened in the past Action is completed Action is still happening Action connected to the present Verb Repeated actions √ √ √ √ √(state verb ) √ √ state verbs & action verbs action verbs √