清明节（Tomb-sweeping Day）

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1 清明节（Tomb-sweeping Day）
第五小组制作 组员：胡一博 王娟娟 邢慧珍 李若 缑宇

2 清明节提纲： 1、来历 2、习俗 3、诗歌 4、歌曲 5、视频

3 清明节来历 Qing Ming is a time to remember the dead and the dearly departed. More   important, it is a period to honour and to pay respect to one's deceased ancestors and family members. Because it reinforces the ethic of filial piety, Qing Ming is a major Chinese festival. Literally meaning "clear" (Qing) and "bright" (Ming), this Chinese festival falls in early spring, on the 106th day after the winter solstice. It is a "spring" festival, and it is an occasion for the whole family to leave the home and to sweep the graves of their forebears. Chinese being practical people this sweeping of the graves is given an extended period, that is, 10 days before and after Qing Ming day. Among some dialect groups a whole month is allocated. 清明节是一个纪念祖先的节日。主要的纪念仪式是扫墓，扫墓是慎终追远、郭亲睦邻及行孝的具体表现；基于上述意义，清明节因此成为华人的重要节日。 清明节是在仲春和暮春之交，也就是冬至后的106天。扫墓活动通常是在清明节的前十天或后十天。有些地域的人士的扫墓活动长达一个月。

4 习俗 清明节的习俗是丰富有趣的，除了讲究禁火、扫墓，还有踏青、荡秋千、踢蹴鞠、打马球、插柳等一系列风俗体育活动。相传这是因为寒食节要寒食禁火，为了防止寒食冷餐伤身，所以大家来参加一些体育活动，来锻炼身体。清明节，民间忌使针，忌洗衣，大部分地区妇女忌行路。傍晚以前，要在大门前洒一条灰线，据说可以阻止鬼魂进宅。 因此，这个节日中既有祭扫新坟生离死别的悲酸泪，又有踏青游玩的欢笑声，是一个富有特色的节日。 The Qingming Festival customs is rich interesting, in addition to pay attention to the fire ban, sweep the tombs, and outing, swing, Cuju, playing polo, Liu inserted a series of custom sports. Legend has it that this is because the cold food festival food to ban fire, in order to prevent a cold buffet injury body, so everyone to take part in some sports activities, to exercise the body. The Qingming Festival, folk avoid the needle, avoid the laundry, most women avoid area road. The evening before, to put in front of a gray line, it can stop the ghosts into the house. Therefore, both Jisao new grave death beisuan tears this day, and visit outing laughter, is a rich characteristic holiday.

5 诗歌 《清明》（唐）杜牧 清明时节雨纷纷， 路上行人欲断魂。 借问酒家何处有？ 牧童遥指杏花村。

6 诗歌译本 直译 In rainy Qing Ming festival,
Pedestrains on the road almost broken soul. Asked a cowboy where is a liquor place, He pointed to the Xinghua Village faraway. 延伸译 It drizzles endless during the rainy season in spring, Travelers along the road look gloomy and miserable. When I ask a shepherd boy where I can find a tavern, He points at a distant hamlet nestling amidst apricot blossoms.

7 诗歌赏析 这首诗描写清明时节的天气特征，抒发了孤身行路之人的情绪和希望。
The weather characteristics of this poem depicts the Qingming Festival, to express the alone road people's emotion and hope. Ching Ming Festival, the weather is changeable, sometimes bright spring days, bright red blossoms and green willows, sometimes drizzle, remain unbroken. The first sentence of "Qingming" write "poured rain of fire" feature (two days before Qingming is a cold day, old customs to fire three days, then known as "rain poured rain of fire"). The sentence "the pedestrian on the road" written on the person's state of mind. "Death", refers to the heart is very sad sad and not exposed. The pedestrian why "deep sorrow"? Because the Qingming Festival in ancient China is a big holiday, as usual, the family reunion, with grave Jisao, or outing spring outing. Now the people alone, walking in a strange place, the taste of the heart is not painful, but the rain, the wet clothes, the mood is more chilling chaotic. How to get her? People naturally want to: find the best restaurant in the vicinity, to rest, to avoid the rain; and drink wine, and cold; but the main is to disperse the heart of melancholy. So he asked: "may I ask wineshop where has?" Asked who, not say. The last sentence "the shepherd boy points at Xinghuacun" in the "cowboy" two characters, is the subject of sentence, and added that the object sentence ask. Mu Tong's answer instead of language in action, pedestrians along the direction of his fingers looked, and saw a piece of red apricot blossom in the indistinct, revealing a wine tamarind (ancient hotel flag). The poem here cease abruptly, as for pedestrians to quickly and happy, excited to catch up with them, find the hotel a few cups of wine, the rain, cold drink, solution of satisfaction and so on, are left to the reader to imagine. 这首诗描写清明时节的天气特征，抒发了孤身行路之人的情绪和希望。 清明时节，天气多变，有时春光明媚，花红柳绿，有时却细雨纷纷，绵绵不绝。首句“清明时节雨纷纷”写出了“泼火雨”的特征（清明前两天是寒日节，旧俗要禁火三天，这时候下雨称为“泼火雨”）。次句“路上行人欲断魂”写行路人的心境。“断魂”，指内心十分凄迷哀伤而并不外露的感情。这位行人为何“欲断魂”呢？因为清明在我国古代是个大节日，照例该家人团聚，一起上坟祭扫，或踏青游春。现在这位行人孤身一人，在陌生的地方赶路，心里的滋味已不好受，偏偏又淋了雨，衣衫全被打湿，心境就更加凄迷纷乱了。 如何排遣愁绪呢？行人自然想：最好在附近找个酒家，一来歇歇脚，避避雨；二来饮点酒，解解寒；更主要的可借酒驱散心中的愁绪。于是他问路了：“借问酒家何处有？”问谁，没有点明。末句“牧童遥指杏花村”中的“牧童”二字，既是本句的主语，又补充说明上句问的对象。牧童的回答以行动代替语言，行人顺着他手指的方向望去，只见在一片红杏盛开的树梢，隐隐约约露出了一个酒望子（古代酒店的标帜）。诗到这里戛然而止，至于行人如何闻讯而喜，兴奋地赶上前去，找到酒店饮上几杯，获得了避雨、解寒、消愁的满足等等，都留待读者去想象。

8 ORIGIN（起源）  Qing Ming is popularly associated with Jie Zi Zhui, who lived in Shanxi province in 600 B.C. Legend has it that Jie saved his starving lord's life by serving a piece of his own leg. When the lord succeeded in becoming the ruler of a small principality, he invited his faithful follower to join him. However, Jie declined his invitation, preferring to lead a hermit's life with his mother in the mountains. Believing that he could force Jie out by burning the mountain, the lord ordered his men to set the forest on fire. To his consternation, Jie chose to remain where he was and was burnt to death. To commemorate Jie, the lord ordered all fires in every home to be put out on the anniversary of Jie's death. Thus began the "cold food feast", a day when no food could be cooked since no fire could be lit. 谈到清明节，有点历史知识的人，都会联想到历史人物介子椎。据历史记载，在两千多年以前的春秋时代，晋国公子重耳逃亡在外，生活艰苦，跟随他的介子椎不惜从自己的腿上割下一块肉让他充饥。后来，重耳回到晋国，作了国君（即晋文公，春秋五霸之一），大事封赏所有跟随他流亡在外的随从，惟独介子椎拒绝接受封赏，他带了母亲隐居绵山。 晋文公无计可施，只好放火烧山，他想，介子椎孝顺母亲，一定会带着老母出来。谁知这场大火却把介子椎母子烧死了。为了纪念介子椎，晋文公下令每年的这一天，禁止生火，家家户户只能吃生冷的食物，这就是寒食节的来源。

9 寒食节是在清明节的前一天，古人常把寒食节的活动延续到清明，久而久之，清明取代了寒食节。拜介子椎的习俗也变成了清明扫墓的习俗了。无论以何种形式纪念，为了使纪念祖先的仪式更有意义，我们应该让年轻一代的家庭成员了解先人过去的奋斗历史，当然，还要学习介子椎宁死不屈的气节。 The "cold food" festival occurs on the eve of Qing Ming and is often considered as part of the Qing Ming festival. As time passes, the Qing Ming festival replaced the "cold food" festival. Whatever practice is observed，the basic observation of Qing Ming is to remember one's elders by making a special effort to visit their graves, ashes or ancestral tablets. To make the visit even more meaningful, some time should be spent to remind the younger members of the family of the lives and contributions of their ancestors, and the story of Jie Zi Zhui who choose death over capitulation.

10 相关歌曲 清明雨上 作词：许嵩、安琪 作曲：许嵩 演唱：许嵩 窗透初晓 日照西桥 云自摇 想你当年荷风微摆的衣角
窗透初晓 日照西桥 云自摇 想你当年荷风微摆的衣角 木雕流金 岁月涟漪 七年前封笔 因为我今生挥毫只为你 雨打湿了眼眶 年年倚井盼归堂 最怕不觉泪已拆两行 我在人间彷徨 寻不到你的天堂 东瓶西镜放 恨不能遗忘 又是清明雨上 折菊寄到你身旁 把你最爱的歌来轻轻唱 远方有琴 愀然空灵 声声催天雨 涓涓心事说给自己听 月影憧憧 烟火几重 烛花红 红尘旧梦 梦断都成空

11 有关清明节的词汇 　　memorial tablet 纪念碑 　　willow branches inserted on each gate 门旁插柳 　　online funeral 网上葬礼 　　online tribute 网上悼念 　　cremation urn 骨灰盒 　　mourning ceremony 哀悼仪式 　　inhumation 土葬 　　cremation 火葬 　　sea-burial 海葬 　　boat-coffin burial 船棺葬 　　tree burial 树葬 　　celestial burial 天葬 　　flower burials 花葬 　　national mourning 全国哀悼 　　national mourning day 全国哀悼日 　　filial piety 孝顺 孝心 　　Day of the Dead（亡灵节，墨西哥传统节日，人们通过守灵、上供等方式祭奠逝去的亲人。） 　Qing Ming Festival/Grave-Sweeping Day 清明节 　　Cold Food Festival 寒食节 　　day of sacrifice 祭祀节日 　　offer sacrifices to ancestors 祭祖/上供 　　online tomb-sweeping 网上祭扫 　　Internet memorial 网络纪念馆 　　condolence 哀悼之情 　　hell note/joss paper 纸钱 　　funeral supplies/products 殡葬用品 　　funeral services 殡葬服务业 　　mortician 殡仪业者 　　burn incense 焚香 　　tomb-sweeping 扫墓 　　tomb sweeper 扫墓的人 　　kite flying 放风筝 　　spring outing 踏青 　　god's lantern 神灯

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