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Objectives Objectives In this unit, you will
— read an interview on an experiment on living without electronic conveniences; — enlarge your vocabulary relating to modern communication; — come to know the importance of managing incoming ; — get some tips about the use of the infinitive in English grammar; — learn how to read and write a notice or poster.

main Warm-up Listening and Speaking Text A Grammar Tips Text B
Comprehensive Exercises Practical Reading and Writing

Warm-up-Background Information
Discussion Our life has been made more and more convenient and comfortable by modern communication tools such as the Internet. However, modern communication can bring unexpected trouble, too. Almost every day we receive unwanted text messages as well as junk s carrying advertisements for nearly everything. Besides, privacy is almost nonexistent on the Internet. Too much reliance on modern communication could be disastrous. Therefore, how to make the best use of modern technology to the advantage of mankind and avoid its negative side to the fullest extent possible is a pressing global issue confronting human beings.

Warm-up-Background Information
Discussion

Background Information
Warm-up- Discussion1 Warm-up Background Information Discussion Questions: (1) What is your favorite way of daily communication? Hints Making phone calls, chatting online, writing letters, face to face communication.

Background Information
Warm-up- Discussion2 Warm-up Background Information Discussion Questions: 2. Do you use the Internet? Why? Hints Yes. I use the Internet to look for information, communicate with friends and parents, download free music, meet new friends, etc.

Listening_A1 Listening and Speaking I. Listening
A. Choose the best answer according to what you hear. Script 1. The price of cell phones. B. The function of cell phones. C. The popularity of cell phones. D. The sound of cell phones.

Listening_A2 Listening and Speaking 2.
A. She gives some change to him. B. She lets the man use her mobile phone. C. She does nothing. D. She does both A and B.

Listening_A3 Listening and Speaking 3. Checking her email.
B. Booking tickets online. C. Playing games online. D. Chatting with friends.

Listening_A4 Listening and Speaking 4. Where to book a flight online.
B. When to book a flight online. C. Who to book a flight online. D. How to book a flight online.

Listening_A5 Listening and Speaking 5. People are bad in real life.
B. People are bad in cyberspace. C. People are hard to identify in cyberspace. D. People in cyberspace are hardly bad.

Listening_B1 Listening and Speaking
B. Fill in the blanks of the following passage according to what you hear. Mobile phones have become a (1) for middle schools. Some middle schools in (2) ask students not to carry mobile phones during school hours. There are several reasons. First, mobile phones are (3) Second, using mobile phones is a distraction to the students. Third, mobile phone use also _______ problem _______ Australia __________ easy to lose

Listening_B2 Listening and Speaking
gives teachers so much trouble, because some students might use phone messages (4) So, some teachers say students should not have mobile phones at school, but if there was a good reason, they could (5) their phones at the school office. to cheat during exams __________________ ____ leave

Speaking1 Listening and Speaking II. Speaking
Talk about your dorm based on the following questions. 1. How many phone calls do you make a day? Hints I make an average of five calls/five calls on average a day. [words indicating frequency: never, seldom, occasionally, sometimes, regularly, very often, frequently]

Speaking2 Listening and Speaking
2. What advantages does making phone calls have? Hints Making phone calls has the following advantages: efficient; convenient; time-saving; direct, etc.

Speaking3 Listening and Speaking
3. Do you prefer making phone calls to sending short messages to your parents while you are in college? Why or why not? Hints While in college I prefer sending text messages to making phone calls to my parents because the former: is cheap and economical; causes no disturbance to others; exercises my fingers.

Listening Script1 Listening and Speaking 1. 2.
M: It seems like everyone has a cell phone these days. W: Yeah. Everywhere you go you can hear mobile phones ringing. What’s the topic of the conversation? M: Hi, Jane. Do you have some change? I have to make a call on the pay phone. W: Pay phone? Why not use my mobile phone? Here you are. Q: How does the woman respond to the man’s request?

Listening Script2 Listening and Speaking 3. 4. 5.
M: How often do you use the Internet? W: I use it almost every day, but I usually use it to check my . I don’t often surf the net. Q: What does the woman use the Internet for? M: Have you ever booked a flight online? W: I have booked airline tickets online many times. It has worked out great for me! Need my help? Q: What does the man probably want to know? M: You can tell if the person is bad or not, can’t you? W: Sure, I can in real life! But in cyberspace, hard to say. Q: What does the woman imply?

Text A Words and Expressions1
Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building convenience n. sth. that is very useful or makes one’s life easier 方便，便利(之处) cut-off from 远离…的 virtual adj. imitative of the real world; almost true 虚拟的；几乎为真的 take steps 采取措施 suspend vt. delay or stop sth. from happening for a while 暂停，搁置

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building service n. sth. that the public needs, such as transportation and communications facilities 服务 opening n. the first part of sth.; a hole or empty space through which things or people can pass; a good opportunity to do sth. 开始部分；缝隙，缺口；机会，空缺 presentation n. a formal talk, often in order to sell sth. or get support for a proposal 汇报

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building notice vt. n. become aware of 注意到 a written announcement in a place where everyone can read it 通知 look forward to 期盼，展望 numb vt. make sb. no longer think clearly or feel any emotion 使麻木 drive sb. crazy 把某人逼疯 stay off 远离

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building media n. television, radio, newspapers, and magazines 媒体 translate v. lead to, result in; say or write sth. in another language 导致，转变成；翻译 productivity n. the rate at which goods are produced 生产率 grade n. v. mark that indicates one’s level of achievement; quality 成绩；等级 judge 评级，评分

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building doubt n. v. the feeling of uncertainty or truth about sth. 怀疑，疑虑 believe that sth. is probably not true or possible 怀疑 distracting adj. making it difficult for people to concentrate properly on what they are doing 分神的，干扰注意的 fall (right) back into sth. 重新像以前那样做某事

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building definitely adv. without a doubt 明确地，肯定地 aware adj. knowing about, realizing because one can hear it, see it, smell it, or feel it 知道的，意识到的 evolve vi. gradually change and develop 演变，演化 technology n. methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes 技术，工艺

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Proper Names Verizon: 威瑞森公司，2000年5月由贝尔大西洋公司(Bell Atlantic)与美国通用电话电气公司(GTE)合并而成，目前是美国最大的有线通信和话音通信提供商。 Amish: 阿米什人，居住在美国宾西法尼亚州中部。因为宗教的原因，这些欧洲人的后裔拒绝现代化，保持着极其传统的生活方式，不用电灯，不开汽车，运输依然使用马车牛车。

Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Proper Names Angry Birds和Words with Friends: 游戏名称,即“愤怒的小鸟”和“填字游戏”。

90 Days Without a Cell Phone or Email
Text A-1-2 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 90 Days Without a Cell Phone or 1 Could you live without daily electronic conveniences for 90 days? Reilly, a 24-year-old student at a Chicago school, did just that. I spoke with Reilly over the phone this weekend about his 90-day project, what he learned from living without electronic conveniences and how it changed his life. 2 You say you spent three months completely cut-off from the virtual world. What steps did you take to do that?

Text A-3-4 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 3 Reilly: I called Verizon and suspended service for my cell phone. I put up an out-of-office on both of my accounts, like, “I’m sorry for the inconvenience, but I won’t receive this until the end of the year.” 4 Before what you called “The Amish Project,” how much time would you typically spend on texting and calling every day?

Text A-5-6 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 5 Reilly: It was pretty bad. I was sending more than 1,500 texts a month. I never really counted minutes on the phone, but I wouldn’t be surprised if it was 600 to 900. 6 In the opening of your “Going Amish” presentation, you say that you had friends over and realized what was going on. Describe what you noticed and your feelings right at that moment.

Text A-7 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 7 Reilly: I live with three guys and we had two of our best friends visiting from New York City. We only see these guys once a year, maybe every six months. Every single person had either a laptop or a cell phone. Somebody’s playing Words with Friends, somebody’s playing Angry Birds. Nobody’s really doing anything, just sitting quiet. It’s like this was what we were all looking forward to and we’re just sitting here numbing our minds. That’s the thing that drives me crazy. People go out to dinner with a crowd and everyone’s on their phone. I mean, what else are you looking for?

Text A-8 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 8 You said that you had much more free time when you stayed off social media sites. Did this extra time translate into higher productivity or better grades at school?

Text A-9 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 9 Reilly: Yeah, a hundred times over. Like I said, there wasn’t really much to do at the house, so I stayed at school most nights until 10 when everyone else leaves around 6, without a doubt. I think what’s so hard for people and so distracting for people is that where they work, there are social media distractions on the same machine that they are supposed to be using to do their work. I’m sure every office in the country suffers from these things.

Text A-10-11 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building In the end, having finished this whole thing, is your life different now or did you fall right back into old habits? 11 Reilly: It’s definitely different, but I catch myself doing exactly what I hated. Someone is talking to me and I’m half-listening and reading a text under the table. Now, I’m becoming more and more aware of this change. Using cell phones evolved from being about technology to a kind of living in the moment.

Text A- ComprehensionA1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building A. Pair Work Complete the following sentences orally according to the text. Where did Reilly come from? He came from 2. How much time did Reilly typically spend on texting and calling every day before he started the Amish Project? He sent texts a month and spent minutes on the phone. ______________ a Chicago school 1,500 ____ _________ 600 to 900

Text A- ComprehensionA2
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 3. What did Reilly’s friends play for fun? They played 4. What drives Reilly crazy? drives him crazy. _____________________________ Words with Friends and Angry Birds That nobody is really doing anything, just sitting quiet __________________________________________

Text A- ComprehensionB1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building B. Main Idea Read the text again. As you read, underline what you think are the most important ideas. Then, in one or two sentences, write the main idea of the text. It tells us what Reilly learned from living without electronic conveniences and how it changed his life ____________________________________________________________________________________.

Text A- Vocabulary BuildingA1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Active Words leave v. (1) 离开，离去 The boy is not allowed to leave the room. (2) 留下，遗忘 Take two apples and leave five for us. When I went to school I left my books at home. He left a note for you. (3) 剩下，剩余(用被动语态) Is there any food left?

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building leave n. (1) 准假，休假 How much paid leave do you get each year? 离别，告别 He took his leave of his family when the war began. leave alone 让…单独待着，不干扰，不干涉 He’s busy. We’d better leave him alone.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building leave leave behind 不带，忘了带 He left a bunch of keys behind. leave for 动身去某地 When are you leaving for Beijing? leave out 遗漏；省略 She left out an important detail in her story-telling.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building take vt. (1) 拿起 He took his hat and left. (2) 获得，占领 The French player took the first prize. (3) 食用，服用 Have you taken the medicine? (4) 乘，搭乘，坐(交通工具) Finally he decided to take a train to go home. (5) 要求，需要，(要)花费 It took all day to finish the task.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building take (6) 把…当作，认为…是 She took me for her brother. take back 收回(讲过的话) What you said is not true. You’d better take it back. take off 脱掉；(飞机)起飞 He came in and took off his coat. The plane will take off at noon.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building take take in 让人上当，欺骗 Don’t believe in him — he will try to take you in. take on 接受(工作等)；雇佣；呈现，带有(特征等) Jack is taken on as a repairman in our factory. The city is taking on a new look. take out 取出，扣除 He had a tooth taken out yesterday.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building take take over 接管(财产、管理权等) Who do you think will take over the company? take to 喜欢 They had met each other a couple of times but didn’t take to each other. take up 占据，占用(时间或空间) That huge bed takes up most of the room.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building moment n. 时刻；片刻，瞬间 The man arrived at the last moment. It was a very important moment in my life. Please wait a moment. at the moment 此刻，当下 At the moment, no one is working with me. at this/that moment 在此/那时 At that moment, my father arrived and took me home.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building moment for the moment 眼下，暂时 You can stay with me for the moment. in a moment 立刻，马上 We will finish the task in a moment. for a moment 一会儿 They chatted for a moment and left.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building change v. (1) (使)改变，变化，转变 Smith changed his mind and moved back home. Then he received a phone call that was to change his life. In autumn the leaves change from green to brown. (2) 换(交通工具、衣服等) He changed trains in Chicago. She used to change her dress every day.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building change (3) 交换，互换 If you prefer this seat, I’ll change with you. (4) 兑换 Where can I change my pounds for dollars? n. (1) 变化，改变，变动 You will see many changes in the village. (2) 找头，零钱 I gave him a pound, and he gave me 20 pence change.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building change for a change 换换花样(口味、环境、工作等) Now let me ask you a question for a change. Let’s try a new restaurant for a change.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building call v. (1) 打电话；(通过无线电寻呼系统)呼叫 “May I speak to Mr Coyne, please?” — ”May I ask who’s calling?” (2) 叫，喊；呼唤，召唤 Someone is calling for help. She called her young son: “Here, Stephen, come and look at this!” (3) 召集 The president decided to call a meeting of the Board of Directors.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building call (4) 取名，称呼 They called each other by their surnames. (5) (短暂地)访问，拜访 Do you think we should call at Frank’s when we are in New York? n. (1) 喊叫(声)；啼叫 The call of that bird is not very loud. (2) (短暂的)访问，拜访 He decided to pay a call on Tommy Cummings. (3) (一次)电话，通话 I made a phone call to a friend in the U.S.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building call call back 把…叫回来；(给…)回电话；使回想起 The sight of the old house called back memories at his childhood. call for 去(或来)取，去(或来)接；需要，要求 When shall I call for you? The situation calls for a cool head.

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building call call off 取消 The meeting has been called off. call on (短暂地)访问，拜访；(正式地)号召，呼吁 This afternoon I will call on my new neighbor.

Text A- Vocabulary Building
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Complete the following sentences based on the given Chinese. There are two men (名叫王明) in our office. 2. He often (把钥匙忘在家里). (换床之后), I would fall asleep quickly. called Wang Ming ______________ ___________________ leaves his keys at home __________________ After changing the bed

Text A- Vocabulary Building
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Complete the following sentences based on the given Chinese. 4. The homework the teacher assigned will (花去他至少两个小时). 5. Just (就在这时), a red car appeared from nowhere. take him at least two hours _________ ____________ ____________ at this moment

Text A- Vocabulary Building_Ex_A1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Exercises A. Match the words in the left-hand column with the Chinese meanings on the right. electronic convenience virtual suspend opening presentation numb crazy media site productivity doubt distracting aware evolve 知道的，意识到的场地；(事件)发生地点疯狂的，发疯的怀疑，疑虑媒体开始部分；缝隙演变，演化分神的，干扰注意的汇报生产率方便，便利使麻木虚拟的电子的，电气的暂停，搁置

Text A- Vocabulary Building_Ex_B1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building B. Fill in each of the following blanks with the proper form of the given words. Alex was almost (speech) with anger and despair. 2. I’m 25, have a nice flat, a good job and I’m not (attractive). 3. Imposing speed (restrict) is easy, but forcing motorists to observe them is difficult. 4. I used to be a furniture (deal). _________ speechless unattractive _________ restrictions _________ _____ dealer

Text A- Vocabulary BuildingEx_B2
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 5. She would have loved to have a better-paying job with more (responsible). 6. I knew I’d never find a (park) space in the Square. 7. She received (recognize) for her many achievements. 8. She made frequent (refer) to a possible promotion during the talk. ___________ responsibility parking ______ _________ recognition ________ reference

Text A- Vocabulary Building D1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Words for Describing Modern Communication English Terms Chinese Terms telecommunications 通讯，电讯 call 打电话 dial 拨(电话号码)，打电话给 phone 打电话；电话，听筒，电话机 telephone 电话 extension 电话分机 mobile 移动电话，手机 cell phone 手机 wireless phone 无线市话，小灵通 ring 打电话给

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building English Terms Chinese Terms connect 给…接通电话 wire 电汇，给…发电报；电报，电信 cable 给…发电报 telegram 电报给…发电子邮件 fax 传真传输；传真机 SM (short message) 短消息 decode 译码，解码 correspond 通信

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building English Terms Chinese Terms express 快件，快运 page (通过传呼机等)呼叫 deliver 投递 mail 邮寄；邮政 forward 转发 EMS (Express Mail Service) 特快专递

Text A-T1-2 Text A 不用手机和电子邮件的90天
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 不用手机和电子邮件的90天 90天不用日常的电子通讯设备，你受得了吗？芝加哥一所学校24岁的学生赖利就亲身体验了一次。周末，我通过电话跟赖利聊了这个90天不用通讯设备的计划，我问他从中获得了什么，以及这个计划是怎样改变他的生活的。你说，你有三个月完全脱离电子虚拟世界，你是如何实施的？

Text A-T3-4 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 赖利：我打电话给威瑞森公司停掉了我的手机服务，并在电子邮箱的自动回复栏注明：“您的邮件我到年底才能收到，非常抱歉给您带来不便。” 在所谓的“阿米什人计划”之前，你一般每天花多长时间发短信和打电话？

Text A-T5-6 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 赖利：非常糟糕。我每个月发送一千五百多条文本信息。我没计算过打电话的精确时间，但估计在六百分钟至九百分钟之间。在你陈述“阿米什计划”的开场白中，你说，你曾经请朋友到家里来，并知道将要发生的事情。描述一下你当时的感受。

Text A-T7 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 赖利：我跟三个同伴住一起，有两个要好的朋友从纽约过来，我们一年或半年才见一次面。每个人都带着一台笔记本电脑或手机，有的在玩“填字游戏”，有的在玩“愤怒的小鸟”。没有人真正在做事，都一言不发地坐在那儿。好像这就是我们原本期待的，坐在那儿让大脑变钝。这着实令我抓狂。大家一起去吃饭，但每个人都在玩手机。我想说的是，还有其他东西可以追求吗？

Text A-T8 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 你说，远离社交媒体网站后，多出了好多空余时间。这额外的时间是否使你获得更高的产出，或者使得你的学业成绩提高了吗？

Text A-T9 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 赖利：是的，提高了百倍。正如我所说，因为在家里真的没什么事可做，所以晚上我经常在学校呆到10点才走，而其他人必定是6点左右就走了。我觉得，人们工作的时候，本应用于办公的电脑上有社交媒体的干扰，这使得工作更加困难、更容易分心。我敢肯定所有办公场所都有此困扰。

Text A-T10-11 Text A 最后，完成了这个计划后，你的生活有所变化吗？还是依旧恢复了之前的老样子？
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building 最后，完成了这个计划后，你的生活有所变化吗？还是依旧恢复了之前的老样子？赖利：肯定有所改观，但有时我意识到自己正在做一些自己讨厌的事。例如，别人在跟我讲话时，我边听边在桌子下面读短消息。现在，我越来越意识到这种变化。过去使用手机只是涉及某种技术，而现在却上升到活在当下的一种状态。

Text A-convenience Text A convenience n. 方便，便利(之处)
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building convenience n. 方便，便利(之处) We must consult his convenience. 我们必须考虑到他的方便。 convenient adj. 方便的 I live just by the market, and it’s very convenient to go shopping. 我家就住在商场旁边，买东西很方便。 Phrases: for the convenience of 为了…的方便 for convenience 为了方便起见 at your convenience 在您方便时 at your earliest convenience 尽早，得便务请…从速

Text A- cut-off from Text A cut-off from 远离…的, 与…断绝来往，与…隔绝
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building cut-off from 远离…的, 与…断绝来往，与…隔绝 One cannot live cut-off from society. 一个人脱离了社会就不能生活下去。 cut-off n. 截止，定点，界限（deadline） eg. The government announced a cut-off in overseas aid. 政府宣布停止对外援助。 Is there a cut-off point between childhood and adulthood? 童年与成年之间有分界线吗？ cut off 切断，中断，使夭折，使受重伤, 使隔离 eg. Disease cut Smith off in the best part of life.病魔使风华正茂的史密斯英年早逝。 The village was cut off by the snow for more than a month. 这个村庄被大雪封闭了一个多月。

Text A- virtual Text A virtual adj. 虚拟的；几乎为真的，实际上的，几乎的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building virtual adj. 虚拟的；几乎为真的，实际上的，几乎的 You cannot move from one virtual world to another. 你不能从一个虚拟世界进入另一个。 In virtual reality, the outside world ceases to exist. 在虚拟现实中，外部世界停止了存在。 Car ownership is a virtual necessity when you live in the country. 住在乡下，拥有汽车几乎是必须的。 Finding a cheap place to rent is a virtual impossibility in this area. 要在这个地区租到便宜的房子几乎 virtuality n.虚拟性

Text A- take steps Text A take steps 采取措施
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building take steps 采取措施 We should take steps to prevent war. 我们应当采取措施制止战争。

Text A- suspend1 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building suspend vt. delay or stop sth. from happening for a while 暂停，搁置 The union suspended strike action this week. 工会本周暂停了罢工行动。 He suspended the suggestion of setting free the political prisoners. 他暂不考虑释放政治犯的提议。

Text A- suspend2 Text A suspension n. 暂停；停职
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building suspension n. 暂停；停职 There’s been a temporary suspension of flights out of L.A. 从洛杉矶起飞的航班已经暂停。 He was faced immediate suspension. 他面临着立即停职的危险。

Text A-service Text A service n. 服务，宗教礼仪，（高速公路）服务区，保养，服役
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building service n. 服务，宗教礼仪，（高速公路）服务区，保养，服役 adj. 服务性的，耐用的，服现役的 vt. 维修，检修，保养 This hotel can’t be matched for food and service. 这家宾馆的饭菜质量和服务没有哪家能比得上。 The car needs a service. 这辆车需要一次保养。 Phrases: service manager 服务经理 My service to you!干杯！祝你健康！ a service family 军人家庭 (3) service pack 服务包，服务补丁包（4）morning/evening service 晨祷/晚祷（5）to hold/attend a service 举行/参加礼拜（6）motorway service 高速公路服务站

Text A-opening1 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building opening n. the first part of sth.; a hole or empty space through which things or people can pass; a good opportunity to do sth. 开始部分；缝隙，缺口；机会，空缺 They returned to take part in the season’s opening game. 他们回来参加本赛季的开幕赛。 He squeezed through a narrow opening in the fence. 他从围栏上的狭窄缺口里挤了过去。

Text A-opening2 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Her capabilities were always there; all she needed was an opening to show them. 她一直都很有能力；她需要的只是一次展示才华的机会。 We don’t have any openings now, but we’ll call you if something comes up. 我们现在没有职位空缺，一旦有的话我们会给你打电话。

Text A- presentation1 Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building presentation n. a formal talk, often in order to sell sth. or get support for a proposal 汇报 His presentation was clear and incisive. 他的报告清晰而犀利。 She is meticulous in her presentation of facts. 她介绍事实十分详细。

Text A- presentation2 Text A present adj. 现在的；出席的 n. 现在；礼物 v. 呈现；提出
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building present adj. 现在的；出席的 n. 现在；礼物 v. 呈现；提出 He has brought much of the present crisis on himself. 目前的大部分危机都是他自己引起的。 The president was not present at the meeting. 总裁没有出席这次会议。 There is no way at present of predicting which individuals will develop the disease. 目前还没有办法预测谁会得这种病。

Text A- presentation3 Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building This book would make a great Christmas present. 这本书会是一份很不错的圣诞礼物。 The mayor presented him with a gold medal at an official city reception. 市长在一次正式的市政招待会上给他颁发了一枚金质奖章。 We presented three options to the unions for discussion. 我们向工会提供了三种选择供讨论。

Text A-notice1 Text A notice vt. become aware of 注意到
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building notice vt. become aware of 注意到 n. a written announcement in a place where everyone can read it 通知 Did you notice where I put my sunshade? 你注意到我把遮阳伞放哪儿了吗？ Every factory has received the notice. 各个工厂都接到了通知。

Text A-notice2 Text A noticeable adj. 显而易见的，显著的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building noticeable adj. 显而易见的，显著的 The class has made noticeable improvement. 这个班已取得引人注目的进步。 The effect of the medicine is not yet noticeable. 药的效果还不明显。

Text A- look forward to Text A look forward to 期盼，展望
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building look forward to 期盼，展望 We look forward to your arrival. 我们期待着你的到来。

Text A-numb Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building numb vt. make sb. no longer think clearly or feel any emotion 使麻木 My fingers are numb with cold. 我的手指冻麻木了。 numbness n. 麻木；麻痹 But even in her numbness the daughter did not lose the ability to observe and analyze. 但即使在这种麻木状态中，女儿并没有失去观察和分析的能力。

Text A-drive sb. crazy Text A drive sb. crazy 把某人逼疯
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building drive sb. crazy 把某人逼疯 You drive me so crazy. 你快让我发疯了。

Text A-stay off Text A stay off 远离
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building stay off 远离 The doctor advised you to stay off fattening foods. 医生建议你不要吃使人发胖的食物。

Text A-media Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building media n. television, radio, newspapers, and magazines 媒体 Phrases: (1) mass media 大众传媒 (2) social media 社会媒体 (3) digital media 数字媒体

Text A-translate1 Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building translate v. lead to, result in; say or write sth. in another language 导致，转变成；翻译 I wonder how your religious beliefs would translate into political action. 我不知道你的宗教信仰如何转化为政治行动。 Reforming the stagnant economy requires harsh measures that would translate into job losses. 改革停滞的经济需要严厉措施，而这将造成失业。 He asked us to translate literally. 他要求我们逐字翻译。

Text A-translate2 Text A translation n. 转化；翻译
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building translation n. 转化；翻译 Try to catch the elusive charm of the original in translation. 翻译时设法把握住原文中难以捉摸的风韵。 Convert the original and translation files to XLIFF format. 将原文件和翻译文件转化成 XLIFF 格式。

Text A-translate3 Text A translator n. 译者；翻译器
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building translator n. 译者；翻译器 She works as a translator of technical texts. 她的工作是科技翻译。 I have translated the essay using a machine translator. 我用翻译器翻译文章。

Text A-productivity1 Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building productivity n. the rate at which goods are produced 生产率 Scientific inventions such as these have raised labour productivity by a big margin. 诸如此类的科学发明，都大大提高了劳动生产率。 product n. 产品 Our new product is sure to win out over all those of our competitors. 我们的新产品一定能胜过所有竞争对手的产品。

Text A-productivity2 Text A produce v. 生产
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building produce v. 生产 We ought to and can produce more petroleum. 我们应该并且能够生产更多的石油。 production n. 生产 It took them almost a month to tool up for the production of these models. 他们花了几乎一个月安装机器生产这些新型号产品。

Text A-grade1 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building grade n. mark that indicates one’s level of achievement; quality 成绩；等级 What grade are you hoping to get? 你希望得到什么样的成绩？ Staff turnover is particularly high among junior grades. 员工流动率在级别低的职员中特别高。

Text A-grade2 Text A v. judge 评级，评分
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building v. judge 评级，评分 Dust masks are graded according to the protection they offer. 防尘面具根据其提供的防护而分级。 Hampshire College does not grade the students work. 汉普郡学院不对学生们的作业评分。

Text A-doubt1 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building doubt n. the feeling of uncertainty or truth about sth. 怀疑，疑虑 v. believe that sth. is probably not true or possible 怀疑 This raises doubts about the role of advertising. 这引起了人们对于广告作用的怀疑。 I doubt whether / if he will want to participate. 我怀疑他是否愿意参加。

Text A-doubt2 Text A doubtful adj. 可疑的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building doubtful adj. 可疑的 I was still very doubtful about the chances for success. 我仍然怀疑成功的可能性。 doubtless adj. 无疑的 That she was angry is doubtless. 她生气是无疑的。

Text A-distracting Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building distracting adj. making it difficult for people to concentrate properly on what they are doing 分神的，干扰注意的 I find it slightly distracting to have someone watching me while I work. 我发现，我工作时被人观看就会有些走神儿。 distract v. 转移注意力，使分心 Several people talking at once distract a listener. 几个人同时讲话会使听者分散注意力。

Text A-fall (right) back into
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building fall (right) back into sth. 重新像以前那样做某事 This takes only a moment to fall back into a series of uncertain modulations of key as well as volume. 一会儿，音乐又回复到一系列不确定的转调中，音量也不确定起来。

Text A-definitely Text A definitely adv. without a doubt 明确地，肯定地
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building definitely adv. without a doubt 明确地，肯定地 It has not yet definitely settled. 这事还没有明确解决。 We can definitely say that it’s slowing down the rate of innovation. 我们可以肯定地说，它减缓了创新速度。 definite adj. 一定的；确切的 She made no definite plans for her future. 她对自己的未来没有明确的计划。

Text A-aware1 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building aware adj. knowing about, realizing because one can hear it, see it, smell it, or feel it 知道的，意识到的 Here are the reasons that I am aware of, moving from general to specific. 这些是我知道的一些原因，有一般的原因，也有具体的原因。 People often make decisions before they’re even aware they’ve made them. 人们通常在还没有意识到的情况下就已经做了决策。

Text A-aware2 Text A awareness n. 意识，认识；明白，知道
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building awareness n. 意识，认识；明白，知道 Teacher language awareness helps their pedagogical practice. 教师语言意识有助于教师更有效地进行教学。

Text A-evolve1 Text A evolve vi. gradually change anddevelop 演变，演化
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building evolve vi. gradually change anddevelop 演变，演化 We did not evolve, because machines and society did it for us. 我们没有进化，因为机器和社会替我们办了这一切。 Who knows how the country will evolve? 谁又知道这个国家将如何演变呢？

Text A-evolve2 Text A evolution n. 演变；进化论
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building evolution n. 演变；进化论 This is the result of market evolution and the choice of economic development. 这是市场演变的必然结果，也是经济运行和发展的选择。

Text A-technology Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building technology n. methods, systems, and devices which are the result of scientific knowledge being used for practical purposes 技术，工艺 Technology is changing fast. 技术日新月异。 The new technology has been more widely adopted. 这项新工艺得到了更加广泛的采用。 technological adj. 技术的，工艺的 Today, the pace of life is increasing with technological advancements. 当今，随着科技进步，生活节奏不断增快。

Text A- Could you live… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Could you live ... for 90 days?: Could you live your life for 90 days if you don’t have any electronic devices with you?

Text A-I spoke with… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building I spoke with ... changed his life.: This weekend I talked to Reilly about his 90-day project. I asked him about what he learned from living with no electronic devices for 90 days and how this experience changed his life. over the phone: by telephone 通过电话 what he learned from living without electronic conveniences and how it changed his life: These are two object clauses introduced by “what” and “how” respectively, explaining what I and Reilly talked about.

Text A-You say you … Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building You say you ... the virtual world.: You say you have lived your life with no electronic devices for three months.

Text A- I put up…1 Text A Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building I put up ... end of the year.”: I set an auto reply on both of my accounts, like “I can’t respond to your until the end of the year. I’m sorry for the inconvenience.” put up: provide a notice 提供 They put up some posters on the wall themselves. 他们自己在墙上张贴了一些海报。 out-of-office: an automatic response set on the account when you are not in the office

Text A-I put up …2 Text A not … until: 直到
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building not … until: 直到 I do not discover that until I go to pay. 我去付钱的时候才发现。

Text A- Before what… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Before what ... calling every day?: Before you carried out the plan named “The Amish Project,” how much time would you commonly spend on texting the messages and calling others every day? typically: adv. usually 通常 You use “typically” to say that something usually happens in the way that you are describing. It typically takes a day or two, depending on the size. 这通常需要一天或两天，依大小而定。

Text A- I never really… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building I never really to 900.: I never calculated the time I spent on the phone. Perhaps it would be 600 to 900 minutes. count: v. calculate 计算 I mean, you get to choose how you count it. 我意思是，你要选择如何计算它。

Text A-In the opening… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building In the opening ... going on.: In the first part of your presentation on “Going Amish”, you say that you had invited friends to your home and comprehended completely what would happen. have sb. over: invite friends to come to one’s home 邀请某人到家里玩 She’s allowed to have friends over, but can’t go to other people’s houses. 她可以请朋友去她家里玩，但不许去别人家。

Text A-I live with… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building I live with ... New York City.: I live with three fellows and two of our best friends came to visit us from New York City.

Text A-It’s like… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building It’s like ... numbing our minds.: Everybody is just sitting here to play Words with Friends or play Angry Birds, which makes our minds numb. It seems like this was what we were expecting. what we were all looking forward: a predicative clause introduced by “what” numb our minds: make one’s mind go numb 麻痹大脑 His mind had grown suddenly numb; seconds seemed hours. 他的大脑突然麻木，几秒钟就像几个小时一样漫长。

Text A-That’s the… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building That’s the thing that drives me crazy.: The thing makes me crazy. It is an emphatic pattern to emphasize “the thing”. that drives me crazy: an attributive clause introduced by “that”, modifying “the thing”

Text A-People go out… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building People go out to dinner with a crowd and everyone’s on their phone.: People go out to dinner together, but everyone is calling or sending messages on their phone. with a crowd: together with some other people 一起 We’re eating with a crowd. 我们正和一群人一起吃饭。

Text A-You said that… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building You said that ... at school?: You said that you had much more free time when you stay away from social media websites. Did this additional time result in more production or better marks at school?

Text A-I think what’s… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building I think what’s ... to do their work.: In my opinion, the reason why it’s so difficult for people to concentrate on their work is that when they work on the computer, they can easily have access to social media, which makes it difficult for them to concentrate properly on what they are doing. what’s so hard for people and so distracting for people: a subject clause introduced by “what” where they work ... to do their work: a predicative clause, in which “where they work” is an adverbial clause of place introduced by “where” and “that they are supposed to be using to do their work” is an attributive clause introduced by “that”, modifying “machine”

Text A-In the end… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building In the end ... old habits?: Finally, now you have finished your project, is your life changed now or did you return to the old habits?

Text A-It’s definitely-…
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building It’s definitely ... what I hated.: Without a doubt, my life is different now, but I often find myself doing what I disliked intensely. catch sb. doing: find or discover sb. doing sth., especially sth. wrong 发现某人在做(坏)事

Text A-Using cell… Text A
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Vocabulary Building Using cell phones ... in the moment.: My attitude has grown beyond a concern with technology to focus more on the importance of living in the present moment.

Text A- Grammar Tips1 Grammar Tips The Infinitive（不定式）
Focus on Grammar Exercises The Infinitive（不定式）动词不定式的基本形式是 to+动词原形，有时可不带 to。不定式没有人称和数的变化，在句中不能作谓语。一、作主语 To answer the question was not easy. To say something is one thing; to do it is another. 用动词不定式作主语时，可以用 it 作形式主语，而将真正主语动词不定式放在后面，以保持句子平衡。例如： It is one thing to say something. It is another to do it. It is necessary to learn this poem by heart.

Text A- Grammar Tips2 Grammar Tips 二、作表语
Focus on Grammar Exercises 二、作表语 To the doctor, the most important thing is to save lives. 三、作宾语 I want to have a cup of tea. I happily decided to take a lovely little Samsung. 四、作宾语补足语 They asked me to wait a little. 当 to 引导的不定式成分做 let, make, have 等表示致使意义的动词或 see, hear 等表示感觉意义的动词的宾语补足语时要省略不定式符号 to。 Let me help you.

Text A- Grammar Tips3 Grammar Tips 五、作定语
Focus on Grammar Exercises 五、作定语 There is nothing to worry about. Have you anything to say? 六、作状语 He came to borrow my bike. (目的状语) She is too young to go to school. (结果状语) 七、不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式由not+动词不定式构成。例如： Tell him not to be late.

Text A- Grammar Tips4 Grammar Tips 八、不定式与疑问词连用
Focus on Grammar Exercises 八、不定式与疑问词连用动词不定式可与疑问词who, what, which, whether, when, how, where (why除外) 等连用。例如： How to get there is a good question. I can’t decide whether to answer her letter. 九、不定式的复合结构动词不定式的复合结构由for+名词(或代词宾格)+动词不定式构成，这种不定式结构可在句子里作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。例如： It is no use for us to go on. (作主语) It is up to you to decide. (作表语) I have brought the book for you to read. (作定语)

Text A- Grammar Tips5 Grammar Tips
Focus on Grammar Exercises I don’t think it necessary for you to go at once. (作宾语) The new words are too difficult for him to learn by heart. (作状语)

Text A- Grammar Tips Exercises_A1
Focus on Grammar Exercises A. Complete the following sentences based on the information given in Chinese. It is important (记住会议的时间和地点). 2. She wished (找到她需要的书). 3. I am glad (告诉他这一消息). to remember the time and the location of the meeting ______________________________ ___________ ______________________ to find the book she needed ________________ to tell him the news

Text A- Grammar Tips Exercises_A2
Focus on Grammar Exercises 4. My mother asked me (周末给她打电话). 5. They left home early in the morning (以便赶上第一班火车). to call her at the weekend _____________________ ____ _____________ train to catch the first

Text A- Grammar Tips Exercises_B1
Focus on Grammar Exercises B. Each of the following sentences contains ONE mistake. Find it out and correct it. I got up earlier than usual in order to catching the first train. \ catch 2. My biggest wish now is make friends with as many people as possible. \ to make

Text A- Grammar Tips_B2 Grammar Tips \ ——— \
Focus on Grammar Exercises 3. It is high time that we encouraged our students working harder. \ encourage ——— 4. Late at midnight, I heard someone to knock at the door twice. knock \ 5. Finish the task within three days is next to impossible for such a young man. Finishing

Text B- Vocabulary1 Text B manage vt. be in control or charge of 管理，经营
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension manage vt. be in control or charge of 管理，经营 incoming adj. arriving, coming in 进来的，到来的 overload n. being loaded too heavily 超载，负荷过重 corporate adj. of or belong to a corporation 社团的，公司的，团体的 unwanted adj. not needed, not required; bothering 不必要的，非需要的；讨厌的

Text B- Vocabulary2 Text B promotional adj.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension promotional adj. intended to increase sales 推销的 spam n. unwanted of advertisement 垃圾邮件 double v. adj. make or become twice as much or many 加倍，使加倍 twice 两倍的，双重的 triple v. adj. make or become three times as much or many 增至三倍 three times repeated 三倍的

Text B- Vocabulary3 Text B trend n.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension trend n. a general tendency or direction 趋势，倾向 slow down (使)慢下来，(使)减速，减缓 year after year 年复一年 urgent n. very important and needing to be dealt with quickly or first 紧急的，急迫的 properly adv. suitably, correctly 妥当地，妥善地

Text B- Vocabulary4 Text B distract vt.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension distract vt. take (sb.’s attention) off sth. 使分心，使分散注意力 lose track of 不能跟上…的进展；失去线索 fall behind 落后；掉队 inbox n. the mailbox that stores s 收件箱 dozen n. twelve 一打，十二个 put out (a fire) 灭(火) pile up 堆积，积累

Text B- Vocabulary5 Text B defend vi.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension defend vi. keep safe from harm, protect against attack 保卫，防御 controversial adj. causing much argument or disagreement 有争议的，(引起)争论的 place one’s hopes on 寄希望于 base vt. make (sth.) using (sth. else) as the starting point 基于，以…为基础

Text B- Vocabulary5 Text B server n.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension server n. part of a computer network for storing or processing information 服务器 weed out 铲除，清除 filter n. v. a device through which a substance is passed while certain particles contained in it are removed 过滤器；筛选 pass sth. through a device to remove certain particles contained in it 过滤，筛选

Text B- Vocabulary5 Text B tool n.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension tool n. a simple instrument used for doing special jobs 工具 automate vt. make a process work by machinery with little or no work by people 使自动化 apart from 除…之外 plenty of 大量，许多 rely on 依赖，依仗

Managing Incoming Email
Text B1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Managing Incoming 1 overload is a problem that affects nearly everyone with an account. According to a recent report in Business Week, corporate users receive an average of 20 to 30 incoming s a day, and their box may grow by as much as 80% in the next year. Much of that increase will come from unwanted promotional , or “spam”, which has doubled in volume in the last six months and could triple in the next year. The trend shows no signs of slowing down; increases in all incoming will probably continue year after year, creating an ever more urgent problem for users and corporations throughout the world.

Text B2 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 2 Incoming , if not managed properly, can become a big problem. As users become distracted by some messages, they are more likely to lose track of other more important messages and fall further behind in their work. An inbox full of dozens or hundreds of messages makes the users less and less efficient in other areas of work, spending more and more time “putting out fires” caused by the huge amount of incoming . The more piles up, the less useful it is to users or their companies. The only way to enjoy ’s benefits is to manage it properly.

Text B3 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 3 Corporate information technology (IT) departments should and must use software to defend against spam and other challenges. This may be controversial, but users can and should be responsible for managing their own .

Text B4 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 4 Many companies seem to have placed their hopes completely on software-based solutions. Companies like Brightmail, for example, sell server-based software to help weed out spam before it arrives in users’ inboxes. Also, Microsoft Outlook provides software for servers and users alike to help filter incoming messages. While very useful, these tools will never fully solve the problem of overload, for two reasons:

Text B5-6 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 5 • Automated filters will never catch all of the spam, since spammers will continue to work hard in order to come in. 6 • Apart from spam, useful s will continue to increase in volume, as becomes an important method of communicating for business and personal purposes. These s will demand ever more attention from users. Even a perfect spam filter would still leave plenty of s for the user to manage.

Text B7 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 7 Of course, software does help and needs to be used. But in the end, no solution will work unless it includes users, relying on them to take responsibility for their own . Solving overload is basically about understanding the user’s information needs, and nothing can do that as well as the user.

Text B Comprehension1 Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension A. Answer the following questions according to the text. How many s do corporate users receive a day, according to a recent report in Business Week? _________________________________________________________________________________________________. According to a recent report in Business Week, corporate users receive an average of 20 to 30 s a day 2. What is spam? _______________________________. Spam is unwanted promotional

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 3. Why can incoming become a big problem if not managed properly? ____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________. As users become distracted by these messages, they are more likely to lose track of other, more important messages and fall further behind in their work 4. What does Brightmail sell? _______________________________. Brightmail sells server-based software

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 5. Why can’t users depend fully on automated filters? ____________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________. Automated filters will never catch all of the spam, since spammers will continue to work hard in order to get their messages through. Apart from spam, useful s will continue to increase in volume, as becomes an increasing important method of communicating for business and personal purposes

Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension B. Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false according to the text. Write T if it is true, or F if false. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. __ F overload affects everyone today. users often spend time putting out fires. Software does not help users very much. Automated filters can catch all kinds of spam. Software will provide the best solution to overload in the end. __ F __ F __ F __ F

Text B Comprehension4 Text B C. Task
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension C. Task Divide the class into debating teams of three persons and organize a debate on the topic: “The Internet is a blessing to students”.

Text B-T1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 邮件管理几乎每一个电子邮件的用户都受到超量邮件的困扰。《经济周刊》近来的一篇报道表明，公司的电子邮件用户平均每天收到二十到三十封新邮件，明年他们的邮件数也许会增长高达百分之八十。增长的这些邮件中大多数是推销商品的广告邮件，即垃圾邮件。这些垃圾邮件的数量在过去六个月里翻了一番，可能明年会翻两番。这个趋势没有减慢的迹象，新邮件数量很可能年复一年地继续增长，这个问题对于全球的电邮使用者和公司是愈加紧迫了。

Text B-T2 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 新邮件如果管理不当就会带来大问题。用户的注意力一旦被一些邮件干扰就很可能会忽视一些更加重要的邮件，从而大大地影响工作效率。用户的邮箱里塞满了成百上千的新邮件，从而要花越来越多的时间去“灭火”，工作上其他事情的效率越来越低。邮件堆积得越多，对于用户及其公司而言就越没用处。要想充分利用电子邮件的优点，唯一途径就是恰当地加以管理。

Text B-T3 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 公司信息技术部应该也必须使用软件来防范垃圾邮件和其他的攻击。这个问题上可能有争议，但是用户能够也应该对处理自己的邮件负起责任来。

Text B-T4 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 很多公司似乎完全寄希望于利用软件来处理这个问题。比如说，像Brightmail这样的公司出售的基于服务器的软件，在垃圾邮件到达用户的邮箱之前将其清除掉。 Microsoft Outlook也提供软件帮助处理器和用户过滤新邮件。这些工具虽然非常有用，但是不能完全解决邮件超量的问题，原因有二：

Text B-T5-6 Text B 自动化的过滤器永远不能清除掉每一个垃圾邮件，因为它们的制造者总在不断地努力想要侵入。
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 自动化的过滤器永远不能清除掉每一个垃圾邮件，因为它们的制造者总在不断地努力想要侵入。不管是商业用途还是个人用途，电子邮件已经成为一种重要的交流手段。除了垃圾邮件之外，有用的邮件数量也在持续增长，势必需要用户给予更多的关注。即使是再完美的垃圾邮件过滤器也将会给使用者留下很多邮件让他们自己去处理。

Text B-T7 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension 当然，这种软件是有用的，也有必要使用。但是归根到底，任何解决问题的方式要真正起作用，就应该依靠邮件用户对自己的邮件担负责任。解决电子邮件超量的问题从根本上说是要了解用户需要哪些信息，而在这一点上谁也不会比用户本人做得好。

Text B-manage1 Text B manage vt. be in control or charge of 管理，经营
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension manage vt. be in control or charge of 管理，经营 Managing four restaurants is extremely hard work. 经营四家饭店是极其艰难的工作。 He used to manage a famous rock band. 他过去曾当过一支著名摇滚乐队的经理。

Text B-manage2 Text B management n. 经营，管理
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension management n. 经营，管理 The zoo needed better management rather than more money. 动物园需要更好的管理而非更多的钱。 manager n. 经理 The chef, staff, and managers are all Chinese. 厨师、工作人员和经理都是中国人。

Text B-incoming Text B incoming adj. arriving, coming in 进来的，到来的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension incoming adj. arriving, coming in 进来的，到来的 incoming flights 正要到达的航班

Text B-corporate Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension corporate adj. of or belong to a corporation 社团的，公司的，团体的 corporate responsibility 集体责任 This policy is a key feature of our long-term corporate planning. 这项政策是我们公司长期规划的一个重要特色。

Text B-promotional Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension promotional adj. intended to increase sales 推销的 a series of interviews and promotional appearances 一系列访谈和宣传性出镜 promote v. 推销；促进 The meeting discussed how to promote this latest product. 这次会议讨论了如何开展这种新产品的推销工作。 You don’t have to sacrifice environmental protection to promote economic growth. 你们没有必要牺牲环保来促进经济增长。

Text B-double1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension double v. make or become twice as much or many 加倍，使加倍 Unemployment more than doubled in 1921. 失业率在1921年增加了一倍多。 The Federal Government has doubled its tax on liquor. 联邦政府把酒税提高了一倍。

Text B-double2 Text B adj. twice 两倍的，双重的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension adj. twice 两倍的，双重的 I’ll have a double whiskey, please. 我要一杯双份威士忌。 Double negation should not be viewed as the expression of positive meaning through two negative forms. 不能简单地认为双重否定是包含两个否定成分且表达肯定意义的格式。

Text B-triple1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension triple v. make or become three times as much or many 增至三倍 The company has tripled in size in the last twenty years. 在最近二十年里，该公司在规模上已扩大了两倍。 We should triple our profits next year. 我们明年应该使利润增长两倍。

Text B-triple2 Text B adj. three times repeated 三倍的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension adj. three times repeated 三倍的 a triple somersault 连续三个筋斗

Text B-trend Text B trend n. a general tendency or direction 趋势，倾向
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension trend n. a general tendency or direction 趋势，倾向 recent trends in education 最近的教育动向 The current trend is towards more part-time employment. 现行的趋势是更多的人在兼职。

Text B- slow down Text B slow down (使)慢下来，(使)减速，减缓
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension slow down (使)慢下来，(使)减速，减缓 The road was slippery, so he slowed down. 因路面很滑，他放慢了车速。

Text B-year after year Text B year after year 年复一年
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension year after year 年复一年 She sent money year after year to help the poor. 她年年送钱帮助穷人。

Text B-urgent Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension urgent n. very important and needing to be dealt with quickly or first 紧急的，急迫的 an urgent message 急电 in urgent need of medical attention 急需医疗

Text B- properly Text B properly adv. suitably, correctly 妥当地，妥善地
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension properly adv. suitably, correctly 妥当地，妥善地 Make sure the job is done properly. 要确保把这项工作做好。 Granny will be there, so behave properly. 奶奶会在那里，所以要规矩点。

Text B-distract Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension distract vt. take (sb.’s attention) off sth. 使分心，使分散注意力 Meg was distracted from her work by the noise outside. 外面的喧闹声使梅格不能专心工作。 distraction n. 使人分心的事物 I have to study in the library — there are too many distractions at home. 我得在图书馆里学习——家里让人分心的事太多。

Text B-lose track of Text B lose track of 不能跟上…的进展；失去线索
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension lose track of 不能跟上…的进展；失去线索 Mary lost track of her parents at the farm after summer was over. 夏季过后，玛丽在农场失去了与父母的联系。

Text B-fall behind Text B fall behind 落后；掉队
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension fall behind 落后；掉队 If he doesn’t come to class regularly, he will fall behind the other students. 如果他不能正常上课，他会落后于其他同学的。

Text B-dozen Text B dozen n. twelve 一打，十二个 a dozen eggs 一打鸡蛋
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension dozen n. twelve 一打，十二个 a dozen eggs 一打鸡蛋 half a dozen 六个 I’ve been there dozens of times. 我到过那儿很多次了。

Text B-put out Text B put out (a fire) 灭(火)
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension put out (a fire) 灭(火) Firemen soon put the fire out. 消防队员很快把火扑灭了。

Text B- pile up Text B pile up 堆积，积累
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension pile up 堆积，积累 Work has piled up during her absence. 在她离开期间工作积压了起来。

Text B-defend Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension defend vi. keep safe from harm, protect against attack 保卫，防御 They needed more troops to defend the border against possible attack. 他们需要更多的部队来保卫边境地区免受可能的攻击。 The union said they would take action to defend their members’ jobs. 工会称他们将采取行动来维护会员们的工作权益。

Text B-controversial Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension controversial adj. causing much argument or disagreement 有争议的，(引起)争论的 He soon became a controversial figure in the world of big business. 他很快在大企业界成为一个有争议的人物。 controversy n. 争论，争议 The proposals to reduce the strength of the army have been the subject of much controversy. 削减军队力量的提议已经招来很多争议。

Text B-place one’s hopes on
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension place one’s hopes on 寄希望于 We’ve placed all our hopes on you. 我们全指望你了。

Text B-base1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension base vt. make (sth.) using (sth. else) as the starting point 基于，以…为基础 The film is based on a novel by Sinclair Lewis. 该影片是根据辛克莱·刘易斯的小说改编的。 basis n. 基础，根基 We wanted to place our plan on a solid basis. 我们想把我们的计划建立在牢固的基础上。

Text B-base2 Text B basic adj. 基础的，基本的
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension basic adj. 基础的，基本的 That law deprived me of my most basic rights. 那条法律把我的最基本权利都剥夺了。

Text B-weed out Text B weed out 铲除，清除
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension weed out 铲除，清除 The new conductor started by weeding out the weaker players in the orchestra. 管弦乐队新来的指挥一上任就先把较差的演奏人员清除出去了。

Text B-tool Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension tool n. a simple instrument used for doing special jobs 工具 A screwdriver and a hammer are the only tools you need. 你需要的工具只是改锥和锤子。 The prime minister was a mere tool in the hands of the country’s president. 那个总理只不过是该国总统的马前卒。

Text B-automate1 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension automate vt. make a process work by machinery with little or no work by people 使自动化 This part of the assembly process is now fully automated. 装配过程的这一部分现在是全自动的。 automatic adj. 自动的 an automatic washing-machine 自动洗衣机

Text B-automate2 Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Once the pattern is formed, it becomes an automatic behavioral response. 一旦这种模型形成，它将成为一种自动的行为反应。 automation n. 自动化 Automation will mean the loss of many jobs in this factory. 自动化将意味着这个工厂减少许多工作职位。

Text B-apart from Text B apart from 除…之外
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension apart from 除…之外 Apart from English, he has a good command of Japanese. 除了英语外，他还精通日语。

Text B-plenty of Text B plenty of 大量，许多
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension plenty of 大量，许多 We have plenty of food for the holiday. 我们有充足的食物可度假。

Text B-rely on Text B rely on 依赖，依仗
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension rely on 依赖，依仗 The people on the island rely on a spring for their water. 岛上的居民用水全靠一眼水井。

Text B-Email overload…
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension overload ... with an account.: Nearly every user suffers from too many unwanted s. that affects nearly everyone with an account: an attributive clause introduced by “that”, modifying “problem”.

Text B- Much of… Text B Much of that increase ... the next year.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Much of that increase ... the next year. unwanted promotional unwanted carrying advertisements which has doubled in volume in the last six months and could triple in the next year: a non-restrictive attributive clause introduced by “which”, adding information about “spam”. volume: quantity, amount 数量，总量 a large volume of business, work, mail, etc. 大量的业务、工作、邮件等

Text B-The trend.. Text B Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension The trend shows no signs of slowing down: It seems that spam will continue to increase.

Text B-Incoming email…
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Incoming , if not managed properly, can become a big problem. if not managed properly: It means “if it is not managed properly”, serving as the parenthesis.

Text B-As users become…
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension As users become ... in their work: Because users switch much of their attention to irrelevant messages, they will more likely neglect other important messages, thus further reducing their work efficiency.

Text B- An inbox… Text B An inbox ... amount of incoming email.
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension An inbox ... amount of incoming . full of dozens or hundreds of messages: an attributive modifying “an inbox”. spending more and more time…: Here the -ing phrase serves as the accompanying adverbial and the logical subject of “spending” is “the users.” putting out fires: Here it is a metaphor, meaning solving urgent problems. caused by the huge amount of incoming an attributive past participle phrase modifying “fires”

Text B-The only- … Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension The only way to enjoy ’s benefits is to manage it properly.: The only way that users can enjoy the convenience brought by is to manage incoming efficiently. to manage it properly: The infinitive here serves as the predicative.

Text B-- Many companies…
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Many companies ... software-based solutions.: It seems that many companies completely depend on anti-spam software. seem to: give the impression or appearance of being or doing sth. That seems to be the best solution. 那似乎是最好的解决办法。 She seems (to me) to be right.= It seems (to me) that she’s right. (我看)她做得对。

Text B--Also, Microsoft…1
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Also, Microsoft Outlook ... filter incoming messages.: Also, Microsoft Outlook provides software for both servers and users to get useful and important messages while keeping spam out. provide sth. for sb. (provide sb. with sth.): make sth. available for sb. to use by giving, lending or supplying it The firm provided me with a car. 公司提供给我一辆汽车。 Can you provide accommodation for thirty people? 你能为三十人提供住宿吗？

Text B--Also, Microsoft…2
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension alike: in the same way 以相同方式 treat everybody exactly alike 一视同仁 The climate here is always hot, summer and winter alike. 这里的气候总是那么热，夏季和冬季都一样。

Text B-While very… Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension While very useful ... problem of overload: Although these tools are very useful, they will never fully solve the problem of overload.

Text B- Apart from… Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Apart from spam, useful s will continue to increase in volume: Besides/In addition to spam, the number of useful s will continue to increase.

Text B- Even a perfect… Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Even a perfect spam filter would still leave plenty of s for the user to manage. leave sth. for sb. to do: 留下某事物给某人处理 The professor left lots of assignments for us to do after class. 老师留了大量家庭作业让我们课后做。

Text B--Of course… Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Of course, software does help and needs to be used. Here, “does” is used to emphasize the verb “help.” I did tell you the truth, remember? 我明明已经把事实跟你说过了，还记得吗？

Text B--But in the end…1 Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension But in the end ... their own .: But in the end, whether any solutions can work depends on users accepting the responsibility of dealing with their own . unless: Here it is used as a conjunction. You’ll fail in French unless you work harder. 你要是不再加把劲，法语就考不及格了。 I wouldn’t be saying this unless I were sure of the facts. 要是我对这些事情没有把握，我就不说这话了。

Text B--But in the end…2 Text B
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension relying on them to do: Here the “-ing” form serves as the accompanying adverbial. take responsibility for: agree to be in charge of sth. or sb. 对…负责 My husband took full responsibility for organizing the trip. 我丈夫全权负责组织这次旅行。

Text B-Solving email-…
Words and Expressions Text Study Comprehension Solving overload ... as well as the user.: In order to solve overload, one must understand what the user needs most. For this reason, the best person to filter spam is the user himself/herself.

Comprehensive Exercise A1
Comprehensive Exercises Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D A. Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences. He sold his farm and ______ he had enough money for his journey. A. however B. thus C. yet D. also

Comprehensive Exercises A2
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 2. The next day when I went to meet John, I almost failed to _____ him in his Australian bush hat. A. recognize B. discover C. detect D. distract

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 3. I would like you to feel that I am talking directly to you as you read ____ the book. A. out B. up C. through D. in

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 4. She is ______ behind with her school work because of her illness. A. staying B. searching C. grasping D. falling

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 5. He was considered ______ of a hero in the town. A. something B. somewhat C. sometime D. some

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 6. We are justified in ______ equal rights at work. A. needing B. requiring C. demanding D. wanting

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 7. The army defended the town _____ the enemy attack. A. against B. to C. with D. over

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 8. I want ______ pencils, please! A. two of dozen B. two dozen C. two dozens D. two dozens of

Comprehensive Exercises B1
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D B. Fill in the blanks with the words given below. regular personal favorite single same information online website Twenty years ago, kids in school had never even heard of the Internet. Now, I’ll bet you can’t find a (1) person in your school who hasn’t at least heard of it. In fact, many of us use it on a (2) basis and even have access to it from our homes! The Internet is a vast resource for all types of (3) . You may enjoy using it to do research for a school project, downloading your (4) songs or communicating with friends and family. However, _____ single ______ regular _________ information ______ favorite

Comprehensive Exercises B2
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D regular personal favorite single same information online website when you people, you have to be very careful. If you’ve never met the person that you’re communicating with (5) , you could be on dangerous ground! You should never give away any (6) information to someone you don’t know, not even your name! And just like you can’t believe the information on every (7) out there, you can’t always trust the strangers you “meet” on the Internet, either. Just like you could make up things about yourself when chatting with someone on line, he or she could do the (8) to you! _____ online _______ personal website ______ _____ same

Comprehensive Exercises C1
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D C. Translate the following sentences into English using the words or phrases you have learned in this unit. 1. 手机的发明为我们提供了各种方便。(convenience) The invention of cell phones provides us with all kinds of conveniences. 2. 人们现在已经意识到使用手机也有一些弊端。(aware) People are now aware of some problems with the use of cell phones.

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 3. 有关张东的电话号码，你可以查阅他所在学校的网页。(refer) You can refer to Zhang Dong’s school website for his phone number. 4. 拒绝使用现代通讯技术的人会在竞争中落伍。(fall behind) Those who refuse to use modern technology of communication will fall behind in their competition with others.

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 5. 互联网对社会管理部门带来了很多挑战。(challenge) The Internet has raised many challenges to social administrations. 6. 本市的因特网用户去年几乎增加了一倍。(double) The number of Internet users in this city almost doubled last year.

Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 7. 我们不能指望因特网告诉我们一切。(rely on) We cannot rely on the Internet to tell us everything. 8. 除了打电话外，我们还可以使用电子邮件保持联系。(apart from) To stay in touch, we can write s apart from making telephone calls.

Comprehensive Exercises D
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D D. Translate the following passage from Text B into Chinese. Incoming , if not managed properly, can become a big problem. As users become distracted by some messages, they are more likely to lose track of other more important messages and fall further behind in their work. An inbox full of dozens or hundreds of messages makes the users less and less efficient in other areas of work, spending more and more time “putting out fires” caused by the huge amount of incoming . The more piles up, the less useful it is to users or their companies. The only way to enjoy ’s benefits is to manage it properly.

Comprehensive Exercises
Exercise A Exercise B Exercise C Exercise D 新邮件如果管理不当就会带来大问题。用户的注意力一旦被一些邮件干扰就很可能会忽视一些更加重要的邮件，从而大大地影响工作效率。用户的邮箱里塞满了成百上千的新邮件，从而要花越来越多的时间去“灭火”，工作上其他事情的效率越来越低。邮件堆积得越多，对于用户及其公司而言就越没用处。要想充分利用电子邮件的优点，唯一途径就是恰当地加以管理。

Practical Reading1 Practical Reading and Writing Notice and Poster
Writing Exercise Notice and Poster 通知和海报一般用来发布会议、来访、任命、讲座等活动的应用文体，可以通过邮件发送，也可以张贴在公共场所。下面示范的是一则讲座海报和参观通知。

Sample Sample 1 LECTURE Speaker: Subject: Time: Place:
Prof. White of Yale University, U.S.A. The World Trade Organization in the 21st Century Tuesday, June 21 at 2:00 p.m. Room 736, Main Teaching Building All Are Warmly Welcome!

Sample Sample 2 NOTICE April 20 Dear colleagues,
A visit has been arranged for April 25, Saturday, to an exhibition of historic relics from the Han Dynasty recently unearthed in Yangzhou. Those who wish to go will gather at the South Entrance of the Corporation Building. The coach will leave at 7:00 a.m. Global Corporation

Practical Reading Ex_1 Practical Reading and Writing
Writing Exercise Write your answer to each of the following questions. (1) Where does the speaker come from in Sample 1? (2) When will the lecture start? (3) Where does the notice come from in Sample 2? Yale University, U.S.A. __________________ At 2:00 p.m. __________ ________________ Global Corporation.

Practical Reading Ex_2 Practical Reading and Writing
Writing Exercise (4) What is the activity the notice is about? (5) When and where are the targeted readers of the notice supposed to gather? ____________________________________________________________________ An exhibition of historic relics from the Han Dynasty recently unearthed in Yangzhou. ___________________________________________________ At the South Entrance of the Corporation Building at 7:00 a.m.

Writing Ex_1 Practical Reading and Writing 明确交代通知或海报中相关活动举行的时间与地点信息。
Writing Exercise Tips for Writing a Notice or Poster 明确交代通知或海报中相关活动举行的时间与地点信息。 2. 明确陈述活动的具体内容。 3. 在通知或海报上方中间位置使用 NOTICE、LECTURE 之类的字眼吸引公众注意。 4. 如果需要通知对象参与相关活动，一般要有欢迎词。

Writing Ex_ A Practical Reading and Writing
Writing Exercise A. Suppose there will be a lecture given by Professor Qi Qiang from Shanghai University on the subject of “How to Succeed in Job Interviews” on July 12 (Friday), starting at 9:00 a.m., in the Lecture Hall of the Liberal Arts Building. Write a poster about it.

Writing Ex_ B Practical Reading and Writing
Writing Exercise B. Suppose the East Gate of your university will be closed for repair between August 5 and August 16. Write a notice informing people of it.

Writing Ex_ Key_ A Practical Reading and Writing Sample answers:
Writing Exercise Sample answers: LECTURE Speaker: Subject: Time: Place: Prof. Qi Qiang from Shanghai University How to Succeed in Job Interviews July 12 (Friday), at 9:00 a.m. Lecture Hall of the Liberal Arts Building Everyone is welcome! Students’ Union

Writing Ex_ Key_ B Practical Reading and Writing Sample answers:
Writing Exercise Sample answers: NOTICE Aug. 1 Dear students and teaching staff, Please note that the East Gate of the university will be closed for repair between August 5 and August 16. We are sorry for any inconvenience this may cause you. Logistics Department Jiangsu University

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