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Unit One 词汇的掌握
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考试大纲词汇要求 掌握4250个单词和500个常用词组 复用式掌握其中的1800常用单词和200个词组 派生词 试题中词汇语法题占20分
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① The newly promoted assistant manager expressed a wish to be ____ to the London branch.(2005年)
[A] exchanged [B] transmitted [C] transferred [D] moved A 交换 B 传送 C 调动 D 搬到
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② ____ your jacket, please. The room is very warm. (2005年)
[A] Take off [B] Take after [C] Take up [D] Take on A 脱掉 B 与…相似 C 开始 D 呈现
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③ David was completely ____ by his robber’s disguise
③ David was completely ____ by his robber’s disguise. (2005,天津) [A] take down [B] taken on [C] taken in [D] taken up A 写下 B 呈现 C 欺骗 D 占据
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The doctor ___ me to the danger of not getting enough rest while working overtime. (2005年)
[A] alerted [B] reminded [C] led [D] persuaded A. 警告 B 提醒 C 引导 D 劝说 短语: alert sb. to sth. 警告…
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例句 (2005,广东) Over a third of the population in that African country was estimated to have no ___ to the health service. A. excess B. success C. process D. access A. 过度 B. 成功 C. 过程 D. 接近(机会)
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例句 (2005年) There is nothing ____ about a native English- speaking teacher except that he speaks English easily and well. [A] particular [B] special [C] specific [D] especial
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重点词汇讲解 易混相似词和词组辨析
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1. access; excess; success; process
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2. accuse; remind; inform; rob; suspect; convince
用法相同的: accuse sb. of sth 指控… remind sb. of sth…. 提醒…… inform sb. of … 通知…… rob sb. of… 抢劫… suspect sb. of … 怀疑…. convince sb. of … 让… 相信
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Ex: --- We accused him of stealing the book
Ex: --- We accused him of stealing the book. --- The picture reminded me of the old days. --- The teacher informed us of the meeting next week. --- The man robbed the old lady of her purse.
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3 比较:used to + 动词 过去常常做… be accustomed to + 名词/Ving;
be used to +名词/Ving 习惯于… 比较:used to + 动词 过去常常做…
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Ex: --- We are accustomed to the weather here
Ex: --- We are accustomed to the weather here. --- He is used to living in the big city now. --- He used to help me when I was in trouble. --- We used not to go fishing on Sunday.
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4. adopt; adapt; adjust; adopt: 收养, 采纳, 采用 词组:adopt sth. 采纳…
adopt sb. 收养某人 adapt: 使…适应; 改编 词组: adapt (oneself) to sth. 适应…
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EX: --- He adopted our suggestion. (他采纳了我们的建议.) --- Since they have no children of their own, they decided to adopt a little girl. (他们自己没有孩子,所以决定收养一个小女孩。) --- The boy adapted himself to the life here.
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例句 (2005年) The new immigrants found it hard to____ themselves to the climate of the country. [A] adopt [B] adapt [C] regulate [D] coordinate
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adjust: 调节;适应 用法:adjust (oneself) to + 名词 EX: --- She soon adjusted herself to his way of life. 她很快使自己适应了他的生活方式。
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5. advance; progress; 进展 词组: make progress 取得进步
make an advance/make advances 取得进步 Ex: --- We have made progress these days. --- He has made advances both in work and in study.
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6. able; capable; competent
词组:be able to do sth. (能够做…) capable: 满足一般需要的能力 词组:be capable of doing sth. (能够做…) competent: 胜任的 词组:be competent to do sth. be competent for sth.
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7. available; applicable;
approachable; attainable available (to): 可用的, 可获得的 applicable (to): 适用的;可应用的; approachable: 可接近的;可进入的 attainable: 可到达的;可达成的
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available: 可用的;可获得的 EX: --- Breakfast is available to fishermen from 6. a.m.. 从上午六点起渔民有早餐供应. --- There are three small boats available for hire. 有三置小船可供租用.
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例句 (2006年) Powerful computers _____ translating documents from one language into the other have recently been developed in Japan. [A] able to [B] available to [C] capable of [D] liable to
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例句 None of the servants were ____ when Mr. Smith wanted to send a message. [A] available [B] applicable [C] approachable [D] attainable
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liable: 易于….的; 易患….. 短语:be liable to do sth. 易于….的 Ex:
--- We are liable to make mistakes. 短语: be liable to sth 易患….. --- A baby is liable to diseases. 婴儿易患疾病.
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8. afford的用法 与can 或could 连用;不能单独使用 can/could afford sth. 买得起;承担得起; Ex:
--- I can afford the bike. 我买得起这个自行车。 can/could afford to do sth. 承担得起做… Ex: --- How can I afford (to spend) so much money for a car? 我怎么付得起这么多钱买这部车?
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9. alone, lonely alone: 副词 单独地; adj. 单独的 (只作表语)
lonely: adj. 孤单的, (作表语和定语) Ex: --- I spent a lot of time alone. --- You are not alone any longer. --- a lonely island
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例句 I shall have a companion in the house after all these ______ years. [A] lonely [B] sole [C] single [D] alone
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10. effective; efficient; efficacious
EX: --- take effective measures 采取有效措施 --- effective medicine --- The telephone system is highly efficient. (这个电话系统效率很高。)
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例 句 One of the most ____ ways of improving listening comprehension is by watching television. [A] specific [B] effective [C] special [D] efficient
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例句 They took _____ measures to prevent poisonous gases from escaping. [A] beneficial [B] effective [C] fruitful [D] valid
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effect (名词&动词) 影响,结果 affect (动词)影响 词组:
have an effect on sth….. (对… 有影响) EX: --- The medicine has a good effect on me. (这种药对我有良好的功效。) affect (动词)影响 --- The noise from the street affected our work. (马路上的噪音影响我们工作。)
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Examples: Her mind was so ____ by the disease that she could not remember who she was. [A] influence [B] acted [C] effected [D] affected
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influence & effect (正面) 影响 affect (负面)影响 act 起作用;行动
--- Does the drug take long to act? --- In this case we acted properly and responsibly. 在这件事上我们做得恰当,而且是负责任的.
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11. arise; raise; rise; arouse
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例句 (2007,北京) With oil prices keeping _____, people are hesitating whether to buy a car or not. [A] rising [B] arising [C] raising [D] arousing
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raise: 增加;提高; 栽培;抚育 Ex: --- raise the rent of the room 提高房租 --- raise the standard of living 提高生活水准 --- raise wheat 种小麦 --- raise a child 养小孩
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arouse: 唤起;激起 Ex: --- The book arouses my interest in English.
(这本书引起我对英语的兴趣.) --- arouse anxiety/curiosity/suspicion (引起不安/好奇心/怀疑)
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12. reward; grant; allowance; pension; fund;
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例句 (2006年) All the British universities receive some government ___ except Buckingham. [A] allowance [B] grants [C] funding [D] cooperation
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例句 (2005年) Life presents many barriers, and all too often those who work hardest may not receive great ______. [A] rewards [B] grants [C] allowance [D] praise
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13. reward & award (动词) reward: 报答;答谢;奖赏 词组: reward sb. with sth.
--- The teacher rewarded the student with a computer. (老师奖赏这个学生一台电脑.)
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award: 授予;奖励;奖赏 用法: award sth. to sb. award sb. sth. EX:
--- The judges awarded the first prize to her for her picture. --- The judges awarded her the first prize for her picture. (评审委员把她的画评为头奖.)
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14. special; specific; especial; particular
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EX: --- This is the special day in the history of our country
EX: --- This is the special day in the history of our country. (今天是我国历史上一个特殊的日子.) --- I want a specific explanation. (我要一个具体的解释.) --- She has an especial fondness for music. (她对音乐又特殊的偏好.) --- There is nothing in the letter of particular importance. (这封信里没有特别重要的内容.)
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例句 (2006年) One of the most ____ ways of improving listening comprehension is by watching television. [A] specific [B] proficient [C] efficient [D] special
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15. contribute; attribute; distribute; retribute;
contribute to sth. 贡献…; 导致… attribute … to … 把… 归因于 distribute sth 分发 Ex: --- The design faults contribute to the tragedy. --- Women tend to attribute their success to luck. --The guy distributed the leaflets and posters to passers-by.
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例句 (2005年) Those who failed in the entrance examinations are likely to ___ their failures to bad luck. [A] contribute [B] attribute [C] distribute [D] retribute
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以下短语意思: 引起…;导致… (主语为原因; 宾语为结果)
result in… bring about… lead to… give rise to… cause
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EX: --- Your carelessness will lead to failure in work
EX: --- Your carelessness will lead to failure in work. --- I don’t know what brought about the change in his thinking. 我不知道什么原因导致他改变想法.
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16. result from… 造成… 结果 Ex: --- His failure in the exam resulted
from his carelessness. 考试不及格是由于他的粗心造成的。 attribute …to …. --- She attributed her failure to bad luck. 她把失败的原因于运气不好。
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17. request; require; need
request sb. to do sth. 请求… 做… require sb. to do sth. 要求… 做… need sb. to do sth 需要… 做… MORE: request that….( 从句用虚拟语气) require that….( 从句用虚拟语气)
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18. persuade; dissuade; persuade sb. to do sth. 劝… 做…
dissuade sb. from doing sth. 劝阻… More to learn: persuasive: 有说服力的 --- a persuasive opinion
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例句 (2006年) In European universities, students are not ____ to attend classes. [A] requested [B] persuaded [C] needed [D] required (key: D)
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19. beside; besides; except
--- Beside his plate is a pile of books. --- She has many good qualities besides being beautiful. --- I don’t take any drugs except aspirin.
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20. except & except for除… 以外(不包括)
--- He reads nothing except comic magazines. (他除了漫画杂志以外什么都不看。) --- He goes to the library every day except when he is not well. (他除了身体不舒服以外,每天都上图书馆)
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CF: --- The movie was good except for the ending. (这部电影除了结尾以外都很好。) --- We enjoyed the party except for the loud music. ( 除了音乐嘈杂了点, 我们在舞会上很开心。)
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例句 (2006年, 北京) ____ Japanese, she has to study another foreign
例句 (2006年, 北京) ____ Japanese, she has to study another foreign language. [A] Except [B] Except for [C] In addition to [D] Beside Key: C In addition to… = besides
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例句 (2006年, 北京) The little village hasn’t changed much ____ a new road and two more stores. [A] except [B] besides [C] except that [D] except for Key: D
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例句 (2006年) Practically, university students have a lot to learn ___ the textbook and class. [A] except for [B] aside from [C] away from [D] insides of aside from.. = besides
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