Cracking the Gaokao by Li Yu

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1 Cracking the Gaokao by Li Yu
Preparing the students for the Final Stretch by Li Yu

2 mindset shift 能力提升 成绩提高 主观性 开放性 综合语言运用能力
Change your mindset and you’ll change your life. 能力提升 成绩提高

3 1. Less is more 2. Beyond English 3. Englicious

4 1. Less is more Doing tons of exercises does not always mean improving the English proficiency. Less time-consuming exercises and more student-friendly activities.

5 多接触英语，少钻研语法。 多做高考题，少扣模拟题。 多攻词汇表，少记课外词。 多做一般题，少钻研难题。 多阅读完形，少做单选题。 多背好用法，少问为什么。

6 埋头拉车 抬头看路 命题规律 考试策略

7 几个“潜规则” 1. 正序原则：不是乱序（听力、阅读） 2. 公平原则：5A 5B 5C （听力）
3. 生词原则：熟词 + 前后缀（不算生词）channelization(2013), delivery(2013), plasticality(2009) 4. 听力命题用词原则：1900 / 3600 5. 听力笔录要点命题原则：尽量忠实原文，少用或不用总括性词汇: size(2009)，location(2011)

8 从题目考察点组合来说，依然是三大考点打头阵。 时态语态3-4个题目 从句3-4个题目 非谓3-4个题目
单选 从题目考察点组合来说，依然是三大考点打头阵。 时态语态3-4个题目 从句3-4个题目 非谓3-4个题目 因此从主体上来看，改革后的湖南卷在单选这道题上存在着很大的估题可能性。

9 2013年湖南高考语法考点分布图 考点分布 题数 所考知识点 时态和语态 5 一般将来时，过去进行时，现在完成时，一般现在时， 从句 3
名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句 非谓语动词 作状语，作宾语 特殊句型 主谓一致，祈使句，倒装 词类 1 情态动词

10 2012年湖南高考语法考点分布图 语法点 题数 所考知识点 时态和语态 4 一般将来时×2，现在进行时，现在完成时 从句
名词性从句，定语从句，状语从句×3 非谓语动词 3 作状语×2，作宾语 特殊句型 虚拟语气，主谓一致，强调句 词类 1 副词

11 加强句意理解 有部分同学一直在“抱怨”自己的语法学得不好，其实是因为对题干一知半解或者根本就看不懂。如果你是属于这种情况，那么请记好：这不是你的语法不好，而是因为词汇不好而影响了句意理解。当语法点本身难度不大时，往往句意理解不透就会成为考生做对题目的“绊脚石”。

12 (2013第34题)Care of the soul is a gradual process ____ even the small details of life should be considered. A. what B. in what C. which D. in which 因为soul, gradual, process, considered 等单词不太熟悉，有的考生会产生“恐惧”心理，有的甚至认识这些单词，可是连词成句后，依然一头雾水，不知所云。

13 又如(13湖南第23题)You must learn to consult your feelings and your reason ____ you reach any decision.
A. although B. before C. because D. unless 如果知道了consult这个单词，就会轻松地理解句意，选出正确答案。所以我们要集中力量解决词汇问题，掌握好高考要求的3600词汇，不管对语法备考也好，对阅读、完型、写作等其他都有很大帮助。

14 完形填空2 考查项目 限 定 词 题号 题数 答案 冠词 数词 形容词 代词 连词 介词 从句引导词 48 49 50 52 54 53
限 定 词 题号 48 49 50 52 54 53 55 51 题数 1 2 答案 an Two Next One I but to why

15 对策一：关注限定词 对策二：关注小品词

16 对策一：关注限定词 “限定词是在名词词组中对名词中心词起特指、泛指、定量或不定量等限定作用的一类词。现代英语中，限定词包括冠词、形容词性物主代词、形容词性指示代词、名词数格、基数词、序数词以及量词等。” 下面列出一些常用的限定词。

17 冠词 a, an, the; 代词 this, that, these, those; 物主代词 my, your, etc;

18 不定代词 some, somebody, somewhere , etc; any, anybody, anywhere , etc; no, nobody, nothing, nowhere , etc; every, each, either, neither, enough, etc;

19 形容词 many, little, few, fewest, several, more, less, least, etc; much, more, most, etc; last, next, other, another, such, etc;

20 数词 one, two, etc.; first, second, etc; all, both, half, double, twice, etc;

21 对策二：关注小品词 除了限定词外，我们还应该关注 1.各类从句的引导词: that, which, why, who, whom, whose, when, where(ever), what(ever), which(ever) …

22 2.含有逻辑意义的连接词: but, and, if, though, unless, lest, otherwise, till… 3.介词或副词: in, on, under, above, from, to, out, without, then, thus…

23 2. Beyond English focusing on test-taking strategies
highlighting the academic English skills needed for exam success

24 1. 阅读理解 2. 阅读填空 & 阅读简答 3. 书面表达

25 阅读理解备考 阅读理解有三宗“最” 分值占比最大 答题时间最长 短期提分难度最大

26 不少考生望“阅”兴叹。做阅读需要达到两个字：
快！准！ 也就是说，阅读答题，不仅要正确率高，而且还要快速做完，从而不占用做其他题目的时间。 阅读选择时间：6-8分钟/篇 阅读填空和阅读简答：7-10分钟/篇）

27 抓有效信息 我们都知道高考阅读文章属于应试类文章，而应试类文章大多是有主次信息之分的。这里的“主”，指的就是有效信息。那如何才能抓住有效信息呢？

28 分析文章和段落结构 自新课改以来，湖南高考选择型阅读理解题每年最难的C篇几乎是说明文体裁。而说明文的文章和段落结构是非常清晰的：论点—论据，即总—分结构。 以2011年湖南高考阅读理解C篇为例。前两段内容为：

29 A recent study of ancient and modern elephants has come up with the unexpected conclusion that the African elephant is divided into two distinct (不同的) species.

30 The discovery was made by researchers at York and Harvard Universities when they were examining the genetic relationship between the ancient woolly mammoth（猛犸象）and mastodon（乳齿象）to modern elephants --- the Asian elephant, African forest elephant and African savanna（大草原） elephant.

31 从首段study就可看出，这就是湖南高考频繁出现的实验类说明文。实验最重要的是结论，而只要首段出现实验结论，其必然是文章主旨，也就是全文的论点。如何确定一个句子是实验结论呢？句中出现了实验study，research，experiment等和结论conclusion，find，show等的组合即可。如此文首段出现了study和conclusion。

32 请大家记住：只要首段仅一句话（我们称之为独句段），绝大部分情况下首段就是全文主旨，而第二段便是论据段。
既然首段只有一句话，且这句话是论点，论点之后必有论据。那么论据在哪里呢？ 第二段全段。 请大家记住：只要首段仅一句话（我们称之为独句段），绝大部分情况下首段就是全文主旨，而第二段便是论据段。

33 我们为什么要知道这些呢？因为只有论点是有效信息，论据作为支持内容，是可以略读甚至不读的内容。这篇文章的第二段可以极速扫过，这就大大提高了我们的阅读效率。

34 把握文章逻辑 2007年湖南高考阅读简答文章第二段
Not to be confused with the geographic North Pole — the northern extremity of the Earth’s axis, the north magnetic pole (where the Earth’s magnetic field is directed downward) is moving due to natural changes in the Earth’s magnetic field,

35 a process that originates about 3, 000 kilometers below our feet, in the outer core of the planet. But scientists are now noticing that the magnetic pole has picked up its pace.

36 看完这一段有被蹂躏的感觉，因为这一段就两句话，第一句话包含56个英文单词！而且这一句话总给人一种捉摸不透的感觉。第二句话一开始就出现了一个非常诱人的词：BUT。我们都知道A but B，B重要。但是请问大家，你们刚才有注意到吗？知道BUT意味着什么吗？意味着这一段前面是次要信息，只要看懂But之后的内容就够了！

37 转折和因果 当然，这里but的作用，可以辐射到这篇文章的下一段甚至整篇文章。 通过这个例子我们得知： 在阅读中，前后逻辑非常重要。
所以这一段就表达了一个意思：科学家们正注意到，这个叫the magnetic pole的玩意正在加快速度。 当然，这里but的作用，可以辐射到这篇文章的下一段甚至整篇文章。 通过这个例子我们得知： 在阅读中，前后逻辑非常重要。 而高考阅读最重要的两大逻辑 转折和因果

38 同义转换 同义转换指的是：正确选项与原文表达的意思相同，只不过换了一种表达方式。 以2013年湖南高考阅读理解C篇第68题为例。

39 Son Austin, now a 10th-grader, didn't see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox…
68. The library was built ______. A. by a ship supply company B. on the basis of toy horses C. like a mailbox D. with glass

40 原文中resembles a mailbox与C选项 like a mailbox相比，用了两种表达：resemble和like，但是这两个单词意思是一致的，所以答案选C，这就是同义改写。

41 同义转换 automobile—car chilly—cold chef—cook at dawn—early in the morning

42 Things are not always what they seem.
阅读考查的不只是语言，还有思维方式、逻辑思维能力（分析、综合、判断、推理、计算等） Things are not always what they seem.

43 Greenland / Iceland Is Greenland an island of Iceland There is one little confusing thing. Iceland is green and warm, while Greenland is covered in snow and ice. Greenland is the largest island in the world. It is in the north of Europe. Near Greenland is another island. it is named Iceland. Do you think that Greenland is green and warm? Do you think that Iceland is white with ice? If you do, you are wrong.

44 Not many people live on the big island of Greenland
Not many people live on the big island of Greenland. There are more people in your hometown than those in all of Greenland. That is because Greenland is not green. Greenland is white. Most of the island is covered with lots of ice. The ice covering Greenland is higher than the world’s tall buildings. What about Iceland? Is it colder than Greenland? No, it isn’t. Iceland has ice, but not so much as Greenland. Iceland has a lot of springs, and they give out hot water and steam. The weather is not as clod as Greenland. And there are a lot of people who live on Iceland.

45 阅读理解解题三步走 1. 扫描文章，画出关键词（挑） 2. 逐题返回原文，定位有效信息（找） 3. 逐题分析选项，查验干扰（查）

46 阅读填空&阅读简答备考 查找信息 分析信息 归纳信息 加工信息 转化信息 简化 概括

47 A weather report Area Condition Temperature Mexico City 16.______
Kuala Lumpur cloudy Up to 17.____ Tokyo 18.______ Around 26C Paris rainy; hot Up to 19.____ London 20.______ Around 33C

48 heavy storm stormy dense fog foggy smog smoggy 上下看形式 左右看内容

49 windy sunny rainy snowy misty frosty breezy drizzly Grouping is a secret to remember.

50 结果: effect, result, consequence 影响: influence, consequence
概括性词汇 原因: reason, cause 结果: effect, result, consequence 影响: influence, consequence 目的: purpose, aim, goal, target 种类: kind, type, sort, variety, category, style 方式: means, way, method, approach 办法（答案）: key, answer, solution

51 位置: place, location, where
建议: advice, suggestion, tip, recommendation 观点: attitude, idea, opinion, viewpoint, view 用途（功能）: use, usage, function, role 变化（趋势）: trend, development, change, rise, increase, decrease 描述: description, 来源（历史）: origin, source, history, root, development

52 措施（行动）: measure, action, step, activity
益处（好处/优势）: advantage, benefit, convenience 不利（缺点）: disadvantage, shortcoming, weakness 危害: harm, danger, threat 概括（总结）: summary, conclusion 主题: topic, theme, main idea, subject 特点: feature, characteristic, character 评论（评价）: comment, evaluation, remark, assessment

53 问题: problem, question, issue, concern
需求: requirement, demand, need 内容（项目）: content, item 事实（信息）: fact, detail, information 情绪（感觉）: feeling, emotion, 物质（材料）: material, substance, matter 天气（气候）: climate, weather 灾难（事故）: disaster, accident

54 关系: relation, relationship
相同: similarity 差异: difference, diversity 交通: traffic, transportation 时间（年代/年龄）: date, time, age, when 性别: sex, gender 质量（数量）: quality, number, size, quantity 信仰: belief 人口: population

55 速度: speed, rate 事件（类型）: event, incident, type 反应: reaction, response 实践（理论）: practice, theory 定义: definition 产品: product 防止: prevention, precaution 程度: degree 资源: resource 职位/业: job, position, occupation

56 地位（等级）: status, class, classification
设备: equipment, facility, device 名称（人物）: names, character, role 形状（外观）: shape, appearance, look, size, length, width, distance, height 比率（比例）: percentage 价格: price, rate 颜色: color 对象: subject 课程: course 过程（步骤）: step, procedure, process

57 简化短语 all of a sudden --- suddenly in a hurry --- hurriedly to one’s surprise --- surprisingly more than --- over in person --- personally with care --- carefully by necessity --- necessary early in the morning --- at dawn

58 pay a visit to --- visit make up one’s mind --- decide not in favor of --- against be of great importance --- be important once in a while --- occasionally / sometimes

59 “三化”原则 句子短语化 短语单词化 单词数字化、符号化

60 书面表达备考 一. 考试趋势 二. 试题分析 三. 考题预测

61 一. 考试趋势 从2004年湖南卷自主命题以来，湖南卷英语书面表达的趋势有2点： 1. 文章的开放性越来越强 2. 记叙事件的考查越来越频繁

62 1. 文章的开放性越来越强 2012年要求构思一件物品失而复得的经历； 2013年是根据4个词：match, winner, loser, result来记叙一件事情，开放性更强，要求考生组织语言还原题目。因此，考生除了从语言上加强外，思维上的锻炼与加强必不可少。

63 2. 记叙事件的考查越来越频繁 2013年，2012，2011，2010，2009，2007年都是记叙事件---湖南高考命题的一个重要趋势。

64 二. 试题分析 这次作文形式较新颖，要求用4个单词描述自己或他人的一次经历（命题老师用心良苦，不走寻常路）。但是，实质上还是回归到记叙一件事情上，因此，难度适中。

65 1. 内容清晰，一目了然 将文章内容分为3段： 第1段：写明文章的背景，如本篇文章是写自己或他人的一次经历，那么第一句话可以总写我有一次难忘的经历; 第2段：描述具体的事件，根据记叙文起--承--转--合，我们可以将4个词match, winner, loser, result分别放于对应的位置来构思。

66 起：match---我参加一场比赛； 承：winner----想要成为赢家，我们做了哪些工作； 转：loser-----我们却失败了； 合：result---结果没有那么重要，是“……”更重要。

67 2. 语言出彩，为博眼球 用一百多个词描述一件事情，不需要描写得如何曲折离奇、跌宕起伏、细致入微。高考作文更多的是看考生能否用英语将一件事情描述清楚，并能运用到不同的句式，借此体现考生驾驭语言的能力。如一开始，可用如下句型：

68 Last month, I, together with my teammates, had a basketball match against another basketball team, hoping to win the match and earning great honor for our team.

69 发生转折的时候可用如下句型： Not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser at all. 写感想的时候可用如下句型: Only by focusing on correcting our mistakes can we better ourselves in the future.

70 还可以使用强调句型、非限制性定语从句等诸多优美句型。记叙一件事情，既保证事情记叙清楚了，又保证用上了优美的句型，来体现出自己在高中三年学习英语后驾驭语言的能力，怎能不拿高分？！

71 三. 考题预测 2014英语卷书面表达很可能继续考查记叙文的书写，开放程度越来越高，因此，考生要好好从思维上、语言上进一步提升自己。

72 范文 In my life, there is an experience making me lost in thought.

73 Last month, I, together with my teammates, had a basketball match against another basketball team, hoping to win the match and earning great honor for our team. Having put all our efforts to practice playing basketball whenever we had time, we were strongly desired to be the winner.

74 However, not until the match was over did we realize that we became the loser at all. All of us felt disappointed, believing that honor never belonged to us. It was our coach’s words that educated us a lot. He claimed that instead of being focused on the result, we should focus more on the process and correct our mistakes, which would help improve us more in the future.

75 From this experience, I am convinced that a result is not everything
From this experience, I am convinced that a result is not everything. Only by focusing more on correcting our mistakes can we better ourselves in the future.

76 初中版 Last month, my teammates and I had a basketball match against another basketball team. We were eager to be the winner. We tried our best to play basketball.

77 However, we became the loser finally. All of us felt disappointed
However, we became the loser finally. All of us felt disappointed. It was our teacher that advised us we should pay more attention to the process and correct our mistakes, which would help improve us more in the future.

78 From this experience, I am sure that a result is not everything
From this experience, I am sure that a result is not everything. Only by focusing more on correcting our mistakes can we better ourselves in the future.

79 认真审题 注意连贯 追求优美 讲究书写

80 有的考生从头到尾都是简单句, 在人称上、在每句的词数上都基本相同。尽管内容要点都很全, 也无语法、词汇错误, 但得分档次达不到五档, 只能得17分左右。应该注意变换句子结构。

81 要注意变换句式 流畅 不单调 有变化 有动感

82 3. Englicious English + delicious mathalicious movielicious Try to get interested in English. Love me, love my English.

83 Day 1 sow / sew / so So, men sow in the field, while women sew at home. 男耕女织 sow 播种 sew 缝纫

84 Day 2 reap 收获 You reap what you sow. （英语谚语） 种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆

85 Day 3 bare / bear Barak Obama said, my wife Mitchell has the right to bare the arms（笑话） 美国宪法第二修正案规定：Every citizen has the right to bear the arms. bear the arm 持武器 bare the arm 露胳膊

86 What fruit is never found singly? (脑筋急转弯） pear (pair) date
Day 4 singly / single What fruit is never found singly? (脑筋急转弯） pear (pair) date 枣子；约会

87 Day 5 deer, reindeer, sew, ray, thread Doe, a deer, a female deer（歌曲） Ray, a drop of golden sun Me, a name I call myself Far, a long, long way to run Sew, a needle pulling thread

88 Justice has a long arm. （英语谚语）
Day 6 justice Justice has a long arm. （英语谚语） 法网恢恢，疏而不漏。

89 Day 7 pray / prey Today they pray for you, while tomorrow they will prey on you.（英语名言） pray祈祷 prey 捕猎

90 Day 8 hay / hey Hey, make hay while the sun shines. （英语谚语） 趁热打铁 hay 干草

91 Day 9 pot 水壶, kettle 水壶 The pot calls the kettle black. 五十步笑百步

92 Day 10 yard 院子；码 How many feet are there in a yard? Three feet. 1 yard = 3 feet

93 Day 11 lawyer 律师（模块11） —— What do lawyers do when they die？ —— Lie still. lie still:   静静地躺着 仍然撒谎

94 Day 12 ---- Why can't Cinderella play soccer? ---- Because she loses her shoes, she runs away from the ball, and her coach is a pumpkin. ball a. 球 b. 舞会 coach a. 教练 b. 马车

95 Day 13 thorough / though / through / thought Though he thought he was very thorough, his idea fell through. thorough 完全的，细致的 fall through 行不通

96 Day 14 fatten broaden loosen deepen heighten lessen worsen

97 lengthen shorten harden soften whiten dampen

98 heighten the cultural awareness deepen the understanding
If you want to learn English well, you have to sharpen the ears loosen the tongues broaden the horizons heighten the cultural awareness deepen the understanding

99 strengthen the abilities
lessen the stress not worsen the health not dampen the enthusiasm lighten the spirit brighten the life And in the future，you’ll fatten the wallets

100 Buzzwords selfie deskfast = desk + breakfast smog MOOCs （2013）
= massive online open courses 幕课

101 LOL: Laugh out loud OMG: Oh my God Let’s google it. I’ll text you. Please facebook me. 24-7 Xing = crossing A-mei’s Ameizing musical journey (amazing)

102 时文阅读 Everyone wants a piece of Jeremy Lin. From Linderella to Linsanity to Lincredible to Va-Lin-tine, news headlines have been trying to find wordplays to match the new sensation on the NBA court with his meteoric shoot to stardom. Linderella: Lin+cinderella Linsanity: Lin+insanity (insane) Lincredible: Lin+incredible Va-Lin-tine: Valentine

103 Super Lintendo Lin + Nintendo 超级林天堂 Nintendo任天堂游戏主机
For seven weeks this past winter, Lin's electrifying and often unselfish play created a fan and media craze. New York newspapers and others dubbed the phenomenon as “ Linsanity ”, “ Linspirational ”, “ Linflation ” and Lin as “ Mr. Lincredible ” and “Super Lintendo”. Super Lintendo Lin + Nintendo 超级林天堂 Nintendo任天堂游戏主机

104 egg-cellent: excellent eggstraordinary: extraordinary
Century eggs China’s century eggs are egg-cellent, eggstraordinary and egg-citing. They are soooooooooo delicious and eating them is great fuUuuUuuUn! egg-cellent: excellent eggstraordinary: extraordinary egg-citing: exciting

105 一、强化听力，以稳定军心 二、夯实基础，以挖掘潜质 三、拓展阅读，以提高战绩 四、加强写作，以拉开档次

106 天天阅读 隔天听力 时常背诵 每周作文 天下无卷

107 Thanks for all your patience!
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