B4UI Grammar Agreement (主谓一致).

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1 B4UI Grammar Agreement (主谓一致)

2 语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。

3 主谓一致主要有以下几种情况： 一、语法一致原则 1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况：
(1) He and I are both students of this school. 如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。

4 The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance.
(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。 The singer and dancer is going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork is on the table. 一副刀叉在桌子上。 比较：A knife and a fork are on the table. 一把刀和一把叉子在桌子上

5 2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。
　What he is doing seems very important 他正在做的事情看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps is his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。 比较：What we need are more people. What we need is more time.

6 Those who enjoy singing may join us.
3. 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。 Those who enjoy singing may join us. Tom, who is your friend, should help you. 比较： He is the only one of the students who lives near to our school. He is one of the students who live near to our school.

7 4.如果句子的主语后与with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 等介词或介词短语连用,谓语动词的数随主语（即中心词）的变化而变化（舍近求远）。例如： The teacher, together with his students, is planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。 The library as well as its books was offered to the city. All the students besides teachers have got the exciting news. 5. both---and---连接主语时谓语动词用复数形式呼应 Both the boy and the girl were surprised to see their names in the list.

8 二、就近原则 either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also; whether...or; not ...but ...在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。 Neither you nor I am wrong. There is a cup of tea and some apples on the table. Not only the students but also the teacher wishes for a holiday. Am either I or you right? Not you but I am going to represent our school to attend the meeting.

9 三、意义一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。

10 are 1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples ____rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。 All of the apple ____rotten.整个苹果都烂了。 None of the money_____ left 没有剩下一点钱。 None of the students _____ there. 没有学生在那里。 are is is are

11 is 2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of;
one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词 与of后面的名词保持一致。 Half of the students _____finished their composition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。 Half of the apple ____bad. 一半的苹果坏了。 About 60 percent of the students in our school ____boys. 我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生. have is are

12 3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数,主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体时，谓语动词用单数；指全体中的个体时, 动词则用复数。常见的集合名词有：public, family, class, crowd, team, group等 His family ____going out. 他们全家要外出。 His family ____all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。 is are

13 4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle等,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people指“民族”时是例外。
The police are searching for a thief. The cattle are eating grass on the hill. 5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词用单数,如someone, somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one等 　Someone is asking for you. 有人找你。 　Nothing is found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。

14 6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们与量词pair 连用时，谓语动词与量词呼应。
The pair of shoes is worn out. The shoes are worn out. Two pairs of trousers were stolen yesterday in the shop. 7.某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词应用单数。 Physics is a very interesting subject.

15 8. every. and every. ; each. and each. ; no. and no
8. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语 在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each woman is asked to attend. Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent. No sound and no voice is heard. 9. 以a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; 以 the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。 A number of new books are on the desk. The number of students in you class is 50.

16 head(作量词用) , sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works（工厂), deer, fish（表几条鱼时), series, species, crossroads head(作量词用) , sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。 　 Not every means is useful. 不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means are useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。　 11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词 组成的短语, 谓语用单数。比较： Many a boy has seen it. Many boys have seen the film. More than one ticket is left. More tickets than one are left. One and a half bananas is left on the table.

17 12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years is not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel. 13.在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。 Between the two windows hangs a picture. Here comes a car. In front of our teaching building are many young trees.

18 14. “分数或百分数+ of +名词以及half, some, all of +名词”构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a good deal of, a number of, numbers of + 名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词保持一致. Lots of damage was caused by fire. About three-fourths of the earth’s surface is covered with water. Three-fifths of the workers here are women About three-fourths of the students have attended such kind of activity

19 15. quantities of +名词（u/c. ）, a quantity of +名词（u/c
15.quantities of +名词（u/c.）, a quantity of +名词（u/c.）以及an amount of+名词（u.）, amounts of +名词（u.）做主语谓语动词与量词呼应 Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table. A large quantity of people is needed here. A large amount of damage was done in a very short time. Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

20 16. 如果主语由“the + 形容词或过去分词”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数. The blind study in special school. The departed(死者)was a well-known engineer.

21 高考链接 1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _____ of desert _____ covered the land.(上海2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have B 2. ____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, are C 3. ____ people in the world are sending information by every day.（上海2001） A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many million A

22 4. Professor James will give us a lecture on the Western culture, but when and where _____ yet. (浙江2007) A. hasn’t been decided B. haven’t decided C. isn’t being decided D. aren’t decided A 5. The father as well as his three children ___ skating on the frozen river every Sunday afternoon in winter.(辽宁2006) A. is going B. go C. goes D. are going C 6. He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海2002春) 　 A. is B. are C. have been D. has been D

23 A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are
7. _____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000) 　 A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are 　 C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; are C 8. We live day by day, but in the great things, the time of days and weeks _____ so small that a day is unimportant. (湖南2007) A. is B. are C. has been D. have been A 9. As you can see, the number of cars on our roads _____ rising these days. (2006全国卷II) A. was keeping B. keep C. keeps D. were keeping C

24 10. A poet and artist _____ coming to speak to us about Chinese literature and painting tomorrow afternoon.(江苏2006) A. is B. are C. was D. were A 11. Most of what has been said about the Smiths _____ also true of the Johnsons. (安徽2006) A. are B. is C. being D. to be 12. The country life he was used to _____ greatly since (山东2005) A. change B. has changed C. changing D. have changed B B

25 13. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _____ on the project day and night to meet the deadline. (上海2005) A. work B. working C. is working D. are working 14. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _____ in the clothing industry. (辽宁2005) A. is working B. works C. work D. worked C C

26 Homework 1.Finish the homework sheet. 2.Remember the rules.