书面表达系列讲练 之 赢取高分策略.

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1 书面表达系列讲练 之 赢取高分策略

2 NMET对书面表达的要求 要求考生根据所给情景，用英语写一篇100个单词左右的短文 情景包括目的、对象、时间、地点、内容等；提供情景的形式有图画、图表、提纲等。 本部分满分25/30分，所需时间约为30分钟。

3 NMET书面表达评分原则 1、先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定档次。 第五档. 21~25分 第四档. 16~20分 第三档. 11~15分 第二档. 6~10分 第一档. 1~5分 0分

4 2、主要内容： 内容要点； 词汇和语法的数量和准确性； 上下文的连贯； 语言的得体性 覆盖所有内容要点 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇
　　 内容要点； 词汇和语法的数量和准确性； 上下文的连贯； 语言的得体性 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分 语言地道，规范

5 3、拼写和标点是语言准确性的一个方面，评分时，应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。

6 4、词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。 5、如书写较差，以至影响交际，将分数降低一个档次。

7 要点全 如何算是一篇好文章？ 　 1.覆盖了所有的要点 2. 应用了较多的语法结构和词汇 3. 有效地使用了语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑 词汇,句型 （高级）和语法多样化（较复杂） 连接词

8 书面表达如何写？ 文字信息 1、审题 图画信息 题材、人称、时态、要点 五个步骤 2、以词及点：用一两个单词或短语写出每句 话的细节要点。
2、以词及点：用一两个单词或短语写出每句 话的细节要点。 3、联词成句：用联词成句的方法将上述要点 的词语扩展成句子。 ①主语和谓语 4 联句成文： ②背景（适当增加时间、地点条件等） 注意： ③逻辑关系 ④开头与结尾 ⑤语篇衔接 5、检查修改，规范抄写

9 给阅卷人以好的第一直观印象 Heading 2. Body 整体三部分 3. Ending 点题；一两个句子；概括性；暗示性
中心记述部分；层次分明 3. Ending 小结；呼应主题 整体三部分

10 增强书面表达效果的技巧 词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。 1. 使用较高级的词汇 技 巧
技 巧 1. 使用较高级的词汇 运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。 2. 使用较丰富的句式 　　对于学英语，同学们感到最头痛就是写书面表达。平时有些同学问到，考试时，写出的书面表达要点齐全，表达也正确，可就是不知道为什么打不上高分。是啊，为什么呢？今天，我们就这个问题，谈谈增强书面表达效果的技巧。首先来看2003年高考英语书面表达的评分标准： （第五档的内容） 使用恰当连接词，对写一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使文章上下衔接自然、紧凑。 3. 使用恰当的连接词

11 一、怎样使用较高级的词汇 1. Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable. 2.We all think he is a great man. 3.Suddenly I thought out a good idea. 4.The students there needn’t pay for their books. 5. As a result the plan was a failure. Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable. We all think highly of him . A good idea occurred to me. / A good idea suddenly struck me. 　　词汇反映你知识贮存量的多少，也是衡量英语水平的一个重要标志。从评分标准可知，运用高级的词汇对提高书面表达的分数至关重要。大家先来看下面这些句子： Books are free for the students there. The plan turned out to be a failure.

12 6. When she heard he had died, she went pale with sorrow.
7. She went to Austria in order to study music. 8. When he spoke, he felt more and more excited. 9.In our school, there are twenty-six classrooms. 10.You can find my house easily. At the news of his death, she went pale with sorrow. She went to Austria for the purpose of studying music. The more he spoke, the more excited he felt. Our school is made up of twenty–six classrooms. You’ll have no trouble finding my house.

13 丰富的句式：(常用到的句型结构） 利用不同的句型来表达同一个意思， 能增加文章的文采。
1. 感叹句 e.g. How happy I was when I received your letter! What a kind boy he is! How disappointed he was ! 2. 强调句 e.g. It was this young boy that helped the old granny. I do hope you can come if possible.

14 3、  倒装句 e.g. Only in this way can you
solve this problem. There comes the police car. Hardly had they got to the station when they met the young man. 4、  省略句 e.g. They read while walking or riding on a bus. Come to me if necessary. 5、  with短语 e.g. I saw a young lady walking slowly in the street with a handbag in her hand.

15 6、  定语从句 e.g. In my opinion, cyber cafes
should be a place where we can find much useful information. Let’s come to the main teaching building, at the back of which stands the school library. 7、  各种名词性从句 e.g. That’s what I should do. We should do a favour to whoever needs help at present.

16 8、 各种状语从句 e.g. Time passed quickly before we knew it.
The moment we reached the farm, we got down to harvesting. So long as we work harder at our lessons, we’ll catch up sooner or later. Do call me before hand so that I can meet you at the airport. They had to wait because the rain was getting more and more heavily.

17 Practice 怎样使用较丰富的句式 1 When he arrives, please give me an .（使用V-ing形式）. 2. To his surprise, the little girl knows so many things.（使用名词性从句） 3. Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort. (使用倒装句) 4. He did not know what had happened until he had read the news in the newspaper.(使用强调句型) 5. I passed the physics exam because of your help.(用虚拟语气） On his arriving, please give me an . What surprises him is that the little girl knows so many things. Weak as I am, I’ll make the effort. 　　在整篇文章中，避免只使用一两个句型，要灵活运用各种语法结构，运用得当的句子结构可以给文章增色不少，从而使整篇文章因此而生辉 。 It was not until he had read the news in the newspaper that he knew what had happened. I couldn’t have passed the physics exam but for your help.

18 6. She walked out of the lab and many students followed her. (使用过去分词)
7. They sang and laughed as they went back to school.( 使用V-ing形式) 8.I won’t believe what he says. （使用状语从句） 9.If you study hard, you will make rapid progress. （用并列句） 10．He had no sooner come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad. (使用倒装句) Followed by many students, she walked out of the lab. Singing and laughing, they went back to school. No matter what he says, I won’t believe. Study hard and you’ll make rapid progress. No sooner had he come back from Beijing than he was sent abroad.

19 高考大纲中常用的连接词 1. 表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容 also; moreover; in addition 2. 表示转折关系
1. 表示递进;在同一话题上补充内容 另外，还有：what is more; besides; also; moreover; in addition 2. 表示转折关系 但是， 然而， 相反：but; however; yet; instead; on the other hand; on the contrary.

20 (of ); so; thus; therefore; as a result; 4. 表示条件关系 as long as
3. 表示因果关系 因为，因此，所以: since; as; because (of ); so; thus; therefore; as a result; 4. 表示条件关系 如果，只要: if ;on condition ( that ); as long as 除非: unless 否则: or else

21 在…之后: after 在…之前: before
 5. 表示时间关系 当… 的时候 : when ; while 在…之后: after 在…之前: before 直到: until 一…就… : as soon as 后来， 然后: later; afterwards 不久: soon 近来: lately; recently 自从… :since 从那时起: from then on

22 6. 表示特定的顺序关系 7. 换一种方法表述 that is to say; 首先， 最主要的: above all
6. 表示特定的顺序关系 首先， 最主要的: above all 其次: secondly 然后: then; next 最后: finally; in the end 7. 换一种方法表述 换句话说: in other words; that is to say;

23 8. 进行举例说明 like; such as 9. 用于陈述事实 as a matter of fact
例如，比如: for instance; for example; like; such as 9. 用于陈述事实 实际上: in fact; actually; as a matter of fact 跟你说实话 : to tell you the truth

24 Therefore ; otherwise ; finally ; although ; afterwards ; personally;
10.  对一个话题进行总结 总而言之，总的来说: on the whole; in short; all in all; in general; in a word 其它常用到的副词 Therefore ; otherwise ; finally ; furthermore ;Thus ; namely ; although ; afterwards ; personally;

25 三、怎样使用恰当的连接词 On one side of the road there is a new classroom building.On the other side,where the playground used to be now stands another new building—our library. (NMET1999 范文) As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.(NMET2001 范文) What’s more, I can go to bed earlier. (NMET2001 范文) 　　有效采用不同的连接手段，用好各种连接词，对写出一篇有“英语味”的文章很重要，能使整篇文章有一定的流畅性，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。  　　这些连接词的恰当使用无疑能使全文过渡自然，令读者对后续的句子产生心理的期待和准备，增强句子间的逻辑性和紧凑性。

26 Practice 1 when in order that before As soon as
请在下列句子中（间）填上恰当的关联词或意思有联系的短语。 Xiao Ming was walking in the street ___________ he heard someone cry for help. 2. He advised that I hire a car ____________ I could travel around in the west . 3. It was not long _______ the police came . ___________he heard the cry for help, he jumped into the water to save the girl. when in order that before As soon as

27 5. Do you agree with my arrangement ?
________ , do write to me soon. 6. We can go downtown and do some shopping. __________, we can pay a visit to some places of interest. I shared the cost of the gas with my friends .___________, I saved $80. 8. Eating sugar is bad for our teeth. ___________ , it may make us fat. If not/so In addition As a result What’s worse

28 Practice 书面表达： Thank you. Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school.This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. It has changed a lot since People here are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look. The school here was very small. Now it has been rebuilt. The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys . It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. They enjoy free education in it. Thank you. 联合国教科文组织某考察团正在我国某乡村参观考察。假定你是接待人员,请根据下列提示以发言稿的形式简要介绍这个村的情况：   1)大小：近100户人家，约500口人。 2)变化：过去很穷，78年后变化很大。人们生活比以前好多了。现已旧貌换新颜。 3)教育：原来的学校很小，现已经过改建。新建的教学楼有4层，是村里最美的建筑物。村所有学龄儿童在此免费就读。 注意：1）要点齐全，前后连贯。 　　　　2）词数： 之间。

29 书面表达： Ladies and gentlemen,
Welcome to our school! ① This village is very small. It has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② It has changed a lot since 1978 ③. People here ④ are richer than before. Now it is taking on a new look. Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school ! ① This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② However, it has changed a lot since 1978 ③ and has been developing very fast. 　　大家看，这篇书面表达要点齐全，表达正确，但语言平淡，表达方式单一，逻辑性差，它很难在考试的评分中得到较高档次。如果我们能使用一些恰当的连接词，尽量使用较高级、较复杂的语法结构，就使这个平淡的文章有很大改观，甚至会变得更精彩。 　①用介词短语作定语或用含定语从句的主从复合句。 　②语句间缺少连接成分。 　③表现作者对现在乡村的发展的喜悦心情，也起到承上启下作用。 　④较高级词汇。 People here ④ live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look.

30 But now it has been rebuilt ⑦ and
In the past, the school here was very small ⑤ and most children couldn’t afford to go to school. ⑥ In the past, the school here was very small ⑤. ⑥ Now it has been rebuilt. ⑦ The newly built teaching building has 4 storeys ⑧. It is the most beautiful building in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨ They enjoy free education in it. ⑩ Thank you. But now it has been rebuilt ⑦ and the newly built teaching building ⑧ which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨ What’s more, they enjoy free education. ⑤作者对过去孩子们上不起学表示遗憾和同情。 ⑥语句间缺少连接成分。⑦语句间缺少连接成分。 ⑧用含定语从句的主从复合句。 ⑨应在此处添加一承接上下文的过渡性词语，如“What’s more/Also”，这样，前后就显得更加连贯了。⑩如能适当发挥，在结尾处添加像“…”的表希望、祝愿的语句，适当增加句子的感情色彩，增加一些人情味，会使全文更加完整，使文章读起来更亲切，完全达到与读者进行交流的目的，从而收到更佳的表达效果。 ⑩ May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you.

31 Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to our school ! ① This village is a small one with/which has nearly 100 families and about 500 people. It used to be very poor. ② However, it has changed a lot since 1978 ③ and has been developing very fast. ④ People here live a much better life than before . Now it is taking on a new look. In the past, the school here was very small ⑤ and most children couldn’t afford to go to school. ⑥ But now it has been rebuilt ⑦ and the newly built teaching building ⑧ which has 4 storeys is the most beautiful one in the village. All the school-age children can study here. ⑨ What’s more, they enjoy free education. ⑩ May you enjoy your stay here / May you have a pleasant time here! Thank you. 　　从以上我们可以看出，要使文章连贯、流畅，就要使用较高级词汇、复杂句子结构以及恰当的连接词，才能给人一种美的享受，才能在考试的评分中得到较高的档次。 　　总之，希望同学们通过以上启发，灵活运用，坚持用科学的方法多写多练，就一定能写出高质量的英语作文，在高考中取得成功。

32 17分 2001年春季高考作文 给澳大利亚的朋友写一封信，谈谈减负给学生的学习和生活带来的变化。
I will tell you the changes of my life. Before, we had many classes every day. I had to do a lot of homework after school. I went to bed at 11:30 in the evening. I had no time to play. I was very tired. Now I can visit museums. I can learn computer and drawing. In the evening, I can read books and newspapers and watch TV. I go to bed at 10:00 now.

33 高考满分作文 In short, I am quite satisfied with my life now.
I’m very pleased to tell you the changes in my life since our homework has reduced. Before that, learning during the day was very simple. Having class and doing homework was the only thing we should do. In the evening, we also had a lot of homework to do. We could not go to bed until 11:30. Nevertheless, since reducing the learning load, my life has become much more interesting. I often visit museums and computer rooms and draw pictures in my spare time. In the evening, I also have time to watch TV and read newspapers. I no longer stay up late; on the contrary, I go to bed at about 10 pm. In short, I am quite satisfied with my life now.

34 书面表达常用语句 书信 结 尾 Thanks for your last letter. 开 头
I am writing just to inform you …… In reply to your last letter, I am writing to explain the two questions as follows: …… 开 头 Looking forward to your reply/hearing from you! Thanks for your consideration. Do remember me to your parents! 结 尾

35 2. 叙事 It is quite obvious/clear that… ( 很显然……)
There is no doubt that… (毫无疑问……) Take …as an example. (以……为例） On one hand,… on the other hand… (一方面，……另一方面) Only in this way shall we… (只有这样我们才能……) As far as…is concerned, I prefer…(就……而言，我更……) Measures/Action should be taken to…(必须采取措施去……) For the reasons given above, I feel that…(鉴于以上原因，我觉得 What these people fail to consider is that…(这些人没有想到的是..) Undoubtedly there is a long way to go before…(毫无疑问要…… 还有很长的路要走）

36 Therefore, I strongly recommend that …(因此， 我强烈建议…
All the facts show that…（所有的事实显示……) I like …not only because… but also because…(我喜欢…… 不仅因为……而且因为……) I am writing to you to inquire about…(我写信给你想询问……) I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with/at…(我给你 写信表示我对……的不满） I apologize to you for…(我为……向你道歉） I am grateful to you for…(我为……向你表示感谢） Mr. Green, my best friend, is teaching… Mr. Green, a favorite teacher from the USA, is teaching…

37 Letter –writing 信头 信内地址、姓名 称呼 正 文 结束语 签名 附言、附件 （Enc:/Encl:)

38 A Letter Body Nov 5, 2001 Wuzheng Middle School Zhejiang P.R.C. Jack
Tongxiang High School Dear Mary, Body Yours, Jack

39 结束语Closing 亲人、家属：Yours lovingly ; Yours affectionately
朋友、平辈：Sincerely yours Yours sincerely 上级、长者：Yours respectfully Respectfully yours 单位、部门：Yours sincerely Yours faithfully

40 信封正面 发信人姓名 发信人地址 Stamp 收信人姓名 收信人地址 Airmail

41 信封背面 发信人姓名 发信人地址

42 便 条（病/事假条） June 5th , 2000 Dear Mr. Zhao,
I am sorry that I am unable to attend school during the following week because of the Sports Meet. The school expects me to play an important part in it . And I will be back to class in a week . I hope you will excuse my absence .(in fact , I take a French leave) Yours respectfully Charles Encl: the PE Teacher’s certificate (证明）

43 （NOTICE/ANNOUNCEMENT)
通知、通告 （NOTICE/ANNOUNCEMENT) 口头通知： Ladies and Gentlemen, May I have you attention please? 正 文 书面通知： NOTICE In celebration of May Day , there will be --- 正 文 School Office April 25th , 2000

44 日记 Diary Wednesday May 5th Cloudy
It is nearly a month since I began keeping diaries. I find it a very good exercise in English composition. I got back my essay on A Visit to the Park . It was marked with A.There were only three mistakes in it: one in grammar and two in idiom. I’m happy to see that I can now express myself in English more usually than ever before. ,

45 Practice 2 请你给《中国日报》写一篇稿件，谈谈农村儿童失学的主要原因及你的看法。 原因：
1、 家庭贫穷，供不起儿童上学，他们不得不在家赚钱 养家。 2、部分家长认为女孩上学无用，不愿让她们上学。 3、 部分儿童对功课不感兴趣，不愿上学。 看法： 1、 每个儿童包括女孩都应有受教育的机会。 2、全社会都应重视儿童教育，他们对国家的未来将起到 重要的作用。

46 Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school
Now in the country areas, there are many children out of school. Most families are poor and can’t afford their education. They have to stay at home and make money. Some parents think daughters needn’t go to school. They don’t let them go to school. Some children are not interested in their studies and wouldn’t like to go to school. All the children including girls should be educated . The whole society should pay attention to it. They’ll play an important part in the future of our country.