英语语法 English Grammar Unit 4 Determiners

Study objectives Warm-up activities Unit 4 Determiners (1) Unit 4 Determiners (2) Homework

Study objectives By the end of this lesson, you should be able to: describe the definition of determiner classify the classes of determiners grasp the usages of articles

Study objectives grasp the usages of indefinite determiners (many, much, few, a few, little, a little ， both, either, neither, all, each, every, one, some, any, none, no, other, another, etc.)

Warm-up Activities

Jokes

在欧洲曾发生过这样一件事, 某国游客 因小看冠词闹的笑话. 这个男游客到欧洲旅 游, 在办理入店手续时, 他想要一个带浴室的 房间, 就对女店员说 : ---Could you give me a room and a bath? ---I can give you a room, but you have to take your own bath!

2001 年 4 月, 中美飞机相撞, 一个大学生在 英语演讲时本想说 : “ 毫无疑问, 责任完全在 美方 ! ” 可他说的英语却是 : The U.S. party should completely accept the blame for it. It is out of the question! cf. It is out of question. It is out of the question.

Let’s do some warm-up exercises!

Please choose the suitable words to fill in the following blanks: 1.There is university near the station. ( a, an, the) 2.You has already read the book for hour. ( a, an) 3. Cooks live on the top floor. ( A, An, The) 4.I like to play violin in my spare time. (a, an, the, / ) 5.This ring is made of gold. (the, a, an, /)

Please choose the suitable words to fill in the following blanks: 6. You hit Kate on mouth. ( her, a, the) 7. The teacher are paid by. ( a month, the months, the month) 8. is a faithful animal. ( Dogs, Doggie, The dog, A dog) 9. We can’t eat which is not clean. (an apple, the apple, apples) 10. Please look at. (the sun, a sun, sun)

Please discuss together : 1.How many words did you fill just now in the above exercises? What are they? 2.Are you familiar with them? Can you count how many times you use these words each day? 3.Try to think about the usages of these words and give a name to call them.

Unit 4 Determiners (I) Period 1

1. What are the determiners? 2. The classification of determiners 3. Articles Contents 4. Exercises of articles

Task 1.1 What are the determiners?

Words that precede any pre-modifying adjectives in a noun phrase and which denote such referential meanings as specific reference, generic reference, definite quantity or indefinite quantity are referred to as determiners. 限定词是指用于名词前，限定名词的所 指类别和数量的词。 What are determiners?

Task 1.2 The classification of determiners

Determiners can be classified in to three groups briefly: 冠 词 数 量 词数 量 词 其他限定词 a / an, the many, much, few, little… both, either, all, every…

Task 1.3 Articles

冠词（ Articles) 是虚词，本身不能单 独使用，也没有词义。它用在名词的前面， 帮助指明名词的含义。 一般把冠词分为定 冠词（ definite article) 和不定冠词 （ indefinite article) 。还有一种名次前不使 用冠词的情况，我们称之为零冠词（ zero article) 。

不定冠词 Indefinite Articles 位 置用 法例 句 用于单数 可数名词 之前 表示 " 一个 " ，意 为 one ；指某人 或某物，意为 a certain 。 Rome was not built in a day. A Mr. Ling is waiting for you. 代表一类人或物。 A knife is a tool for cutting with. Mr. Smith is an engineer. 不定冠词有 a 和 an 两种形式， a 用于辅音前， an 用于元音开头的词前。

定冠词 Definite Articles 位 置用 法例 句 用于可 数的单 复数名 词或不 可数名 词之前 用在重新提到的人 或物的词前面 He bought a house. I've been to the house. 用在谈话双方都明 白的人或物的词前 面 Take the medicine. 用单数可数名词之 前，表示某一类人 或物。 The banana is a tropical fruit. 定冠词只有 the 一种形式。

定冠词的特殊用法 独一无二事物前 方向方位名词前 形高序数仅相同 江海湖山脉群岛 表示姓氏复数前 音乐乐器名词前 某些国家与组织

定冠词的特殊用法 独一无二事物前的特殊情况： 1. 如果 sun, moon, sky 等词前有描绘定语。 A brilliant sun lit up the rooms. A pale moon hung low in the sky. 2. 在某些成语中。 He is very down to earth. 他为人实事求是。 What on earth are you doing? 你在做什么？

定冠词的特殊用法 表示方向方位的词的特殊情况： the Middle East 中东 the Far East 远东 1. 用方向性形容词，不加冠词 northern England southern China 2. 作副词时就自然不能加冠词 I am thinking of going south.

定冠词的特殊用法 国名为复合名词或复数时的特殊情况： the United Kingdom 英国（联合王国） the Philippines 菲律宾 the Netherlands 荷兰 江海湖山脉群岛 the Suez Canal 苏伊士运河 the Ruikiu Islands 琉球群岛 the English Channel 英伦海峡 the Taiwan Straits 台湾海峡 the Persian Gulf 波斯湾

定冠词的特殊用法 表江海湖山脉群岛时请注意： 1. 独山独岛无定冠词 Mount O Mei, Christmas Island 2. 地图上标注时一般不加定冠词。

零冠词 Zero Articles 如果名次前不使用冠词，我们称之为零冠词 （ zero article ）。 下列情况我们可以使用零冠词（即不使用冠 词）： 1 ） 国名，人名前： England ， Mary 。 2 ）泛指的复数名词，表示一类人或事物时： 例如： They are teachers. 他们是教师。

零冠词 Zero Articles 3 ）抽象名词表示一般概念时： 例如： Failure is the mother of success. 失败乃成功之母。 4 ）物质名词表示一般概念时： 例如： Man cannot live without water. 离开水人就无法生存。 5 ）在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等 表示时间的名词之前： 例如： We go to school from Monday to Friday. 我们从星期一到星期五都上课。

零冠词 Zero Articles 6 ）在称呼或表示官衔，职位的名词前： 例如： The guards took the American to General Lee. 士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军 那里。 7 ）在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前： 如 have breakfast ， play chess 。 8 ）当两个或两个以上名词并用时： 例如： I can‘t write without pen or pencil. 没有钢笔和铅笔，我就写不了字 。

零冠词 Zero Articles 9 ）当 by 与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式 时，中间无冠词，如 by bus ， by train 。 10 ）有些个体名词不用冠词，如 school ， college ， prison ， market ， hospital ， bed ， table ， class ， town ， church ， court 等个体名 词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义。 例如： go to hospital 去医院看病 go to the hospital 去医院 （并不是 去看病，而是 有其他目的）

零冠词 Zero Articles 11 ）不用冠词的序数词； a. 序数词前有物主代词时。 b. 序数词作副词。例如： He came first in the race. 他跑步得了第一。 c. 在固定词组中，如 at （ the ） first, first of all, from first to last 等。

1. a blue pen 和 one blue pen 前者强调类别 ; 后者强调数量. 2. a day 和 one day 前者是 “ 一天 ” ；后者是 “ 某一天 ”. 3. do sb. a favor 和 do sb. the favor 前泛指帮助；后指具体帮助，须加不定式。 4. have a word with 和 have words with 前者指 “ 与 … 谈话 ” ；后者指 “ 与 … 吵架 ” 。 冠词的用法疑难解析

5. in a country 和 in the country 前者 “ 在一个国家 ” ；后者指 “ 在乡下 ” ． 6. leave school 和 leave the school 前者 “ 退学＼毕业 ” ；后者 “ 离开某一学校 ” ． sit at table ---- sit at the table go to bed ---- go to the bed 冠词的用法疑难解析

7. National Day 和 the National Day 由普通名词构成的表示节日的专有名词前 不用定冠词．由 festival 表示的节日前要用 定冠词． the Spring Festival 8. on earth 和 on the earth 前者作 “ 究竟 ” 解时，常放在 who, what, when, where, why, how 等特殊疑问句 后．后者指 “ 在地球上 ” ． 冠词的用法疑难解析

9. on TV 和 on the radio 前者如 watch TV, The film will be shown on TV. 后者如 What is on the radio tonight? Listen to the radio. 10. so clever a 还是 a so clever so, too, as, how, however 等副词修饰形 容词时，不定冠词须放在被这些副词修 饰的形容词之后． how cold a day, too easy a book. 冠词的用法疑难解析

Exercises for Articles Task 1.4

Ex. 1 Choose the best answer: 1. There is _______ house in the picture. There is ________old woman near _________ house. A. an; a; the B. a; an ; the C. the ; a; an D. a; the; an 2. He has already worked for ______ hour. A. the B. an C. a D. /

3. Alice is fond of playing ______ piano. A. the B. an C. a D. / 4. Beyond ____ stars, the astronaut saw nothin g but _____space. A. / ； the B. the ; the C. / ， / D. the; 不填 Ex. 1 Choose the best answer:

5. ______ terrible weather we've been having th ese days! A. How a B. What a C. How D. What 6. Where is Jack? I think he is still in ______ bed, but he might j ust be in ______bathroom. A. / ； / B. the; the C. the; / D. /; the Ex. 1 Choose the best answer:

7. _______ Great Wall is _______ longest wall in the world ． A ． A ； a B ． The ； the C ． A ； the D ． The ； a 8. The museum is quite far ． It will take you half _______ hour to get there by _______ bus ． A ． an ；／ B ． an ； a C ． a ；／ D ．／；／ Ex. 1 Choose the best answer:

Keys 1. B 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. D 6.D 7. B 8. A

1. Some cities have lost their original purpose and have not found new one. ( CET6 ) 2. With occasional breaks for war, the rates of death and infection in the Europe and America dropped steadily through the 19th and 20th centuries. （ CET6 ） Ex. 2 Error correction:

3. She has written such a beautiful poetry that it is hard to believe she has never had formal education. 4. Linguistics is a scientific study of the language. 5. The third sister of his is such a spitfire. Ex. 2 Error correction:

Unit 4 Determiners (II) Period 2

1. The infinite determiners 2. Exercises for the infinite determiners Contents

Task 2.1 The infinite determiners

不定限定词（ The infinite determiners) 为限定词的一种。它一般用在名词的前面， 帮助指明名词的数量（称为数量词）或者用 来表示非确定的泛指（称为其他限定词） 。 常见的不定限定词有： many, much, few, a few, little, a little ， both, either, neither, all, each, every, one, some, any, none, no, other, another, etc.) 。

数量词 many, much 的用法 词用 法例 句 many + 复数可数名词 Many of the students like music. Many hands make light work. We ’ re many, you ’ re few. much + 不可数名词 Much money was stolen last night. I don ’ t know much about you.

数量词 few, a few; little, a little 的用法 词用 法例 句 few a few + 可数名词 Few of us have been to Beijing. I have a few toys. She knows a few of us. little a little + 不可数名词 There ’ s little left. They spend very little on eating. There is a little water on the table.

其他限定词 both, either, neither 的用法 词用 法例 句 both either neither 谈到两者时使 用 ： both 指 “ 两 者都 ” either 指 “ 两者 中的一个 ” neither 指 “ 两者 都不 ” Both of his parents are workers. Either of the teachers is good. Neither seat is occupied.

其他限定词 all 的用法 词用 法例 句 all 可代表或修饰 两个以上的人 或物，或不可 数名词 All of us are English majors. That ’ s all for today ’ s lesson. You have eaten all the apples. They all are my good friends.

其他限定词 each 的用法 词用 法例 句 each 指两个或两个 以上人或物中 的一个，表 “ 单 个 ” ，只能修饰 单数可数名词， 侧重个体、个 性 Each of the students has a book. They each have a car. There are green trees on each side of the road. I will give a gift to each of you,

其他限定词 every 的用法 词用 法例 句 every 指两个或两个 以上人或物中 的一个，表 “ 每 一个 ” ，只能修 饰单数可数名 词，侧重全体， 整体 Is everybody here? Every one of the students has strong and weak points.

one 的用法 词用 法例 句 one ( 单数） ones ( 复数） 泛指，表示 “ 一 个人 ” 或 “ 某一 个 ” ，可作主语、 宾语、定语 One should do one ’ s best to study. Your problem is complex one. 可用来代替前 面出现过的词 Do you have a mobile-phone? Yes, I have one. 其他限定词

none, no 的用法 词用 法例 句 none 表 “ 没有一个人 ” 的意思，可作主 语、宾语和同位 语 A friend to all is a friend to none. None of us will go to school tonight. no 表 “ 没有 ” ，常作 定语构成否定句 No man is born wise. 其他限定词

other 的用法 词 用 法 例 句 the other 表两个中的一个， 常与 one 连用 I have two friends: one is Lily, the other is Helen. others 表 “ 别的 ” Please tell others to come to the classroom right now. the others 表 “ 其余的 ” Some of these bikes are red. The others are green. 其他限定词

another 的用法 词用 法例 句 another 表 “ 别的，另 一个 ” ，一般 后面接单数 名词 I bought three gifts for my sister. One is a book, another is a pen, and the third is a cap.

some 的特殊用法 用 法例 句 疑问句中，表示邀请或 期待一个肯定的回答 Why don ’ t you have some drink? 单数可数名词前，表示 “ 某个 ” I hope I can see her some day. 作状语与数词连用，表 示 “ 大约 ” Some 35 people were present at the meeting. 其他限定词

Task 2.2 Exercises for The infinite determiners

Ex. 1 Choose the best answer: 1. The additional work will take weeks. A. the other B. another five C. other five D. the more 2. I saw boys at the cinema. A. the both B. many a C. both the D. the several

Ex. 1 Choose the best answer: 3. friends usually speak highly of him. A. His some B. His many C. Many his D. Some his 4. boys were in the classroom. A. All five other B. Other all C. All the more D. All the other five

Ex. 1 Choose the best answer: 5. The librarian has catalogued book in the fiction section. A. every B. each C. either D. neither 6. dictionary is enough for me. A. Such one B. One such C. Such a one D. One such a

Ex. 1 Choose the best answer: 7. There are mistakes in the paper. A. the B. a little C. much D. a few 8. work has to be done before the plant goes into operation. A. Much B. Double C. A number of D. Neither

Ex. 1 Choose the best answer: 9. I saw cars outside the building. A. a little B. any C. many D. neither 10. On account of the typhoon shipment will arrive this week. A. neither B. all C. both D. these

Keys 1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. B 7.D 8. A 9. C 10.A

1. A: Do you need more milk? B: No, there is too already. 2.A: Should we get some tomatoes? B: No, but not as as that. 3.A: Which of these two novels would you like? B: I don’t like of them. I am interested in one. Ex. 2 Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners and read the sentences:

4. A: Which of all these would you like? B: I wouldn’t like of them, because they look too old. 5. eyewitness is better than ten hearsays. （百闻不如一见。） 6. Do not do unto as you would not have them do unto yourself. ( 己所不欲，勿施 于人） Ex. 2 Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners and read the sentences:

7. road of flowers lead to glory. ( 没有一 条通往光荣的道路是铺满鲜花的。） 8. fall into pit, gain in your wit. （吃一堑，长一智。） 9. body often harbors a great soul. （浓缩的都是精品。） 10. bird love to hear himself sing. （孤芳自赏。） Ex. 2 Fill in the blanks with appropriate determiners and read the sentences:

Keys 1. much 2. many 3. either, neither 4. any, all 5. one 6. others 7. no 8. A, a, a 9. A little 10. Each

Homework 1.Please finish the exercise of Page 57 & Page Please study the on-line resources about this unit.

Thank you!