Past perfect Tense 9A Unit 5 Grammar(1)

Last Saturday… Liu Xing broke the window. They tried to run away. What happened first? a. b. After Liu Xing had broken the window, they tried to run away.

They tried to run away. What happened first? Liu Mei found them. a. b. Liu Mei had found them when they tried to run away.

1. After Liu Xing had broken the window, they tried to run away. 2. Liu Mei had found them when they tried to run away. Past Perfect Tense( 过去完成时 ) Structure ( 结构 ): had P. ( 过去分词 )

VerbPast perfect tense VerbPast perfect Tense 1. act5. help 2. be6. open 3. begin7. see 4. bring8. sing had helped had been had sung had seen had acted had opened had begun had brought Complete the table:

Finish Part A1 on P87

1.Millie ran back to school because she had left her magazine in the classroom. What happened first? a.Millie ran back to school. b.Millie left her magazine in the classroom. 2.Simon left school late because the football game had started late. What happened first? a.Simon left school late. b.The football game started late.

3.Daniel arrived out of breath --- he had gone to the wrong cinema. What happened first? a. Daniel arrived out of breath. b. Daniel went to the wrong cinema. 4.Amy had lost her purse and had to go to the police station. What happened first? a. Amy lost her purse. b. Amy went to the police station.

Work out the rule 1. If we want to talk about two past actions in a sentence, the Past Perfect Tense( 过去完成时 ) is used for________. a. the earlier action （先发生的动作） b. the later action （后发生的动作） 2. For the later action, we use ___________. a. Past Perfect Tense b. Simple past Tense ( 一般过去时 ) —————— ∣ ————— ∣ —————→ ∣ ——→ the past past past now future earlier actionlater action Past Perfect TenseSimple Past Tense

10th December Today, I watched ‘Roman Holiday’ with my friends. Kitty was the first one to arrive at the cinema. When Millie and I ______(arrive), Kitty___________(buy) the tickets already. Simon and Daniel came next. Before Simon and Daniel _______(come), Millie and I ___________(go) to get some drinks. Then all five of us waited for Amy outside the cinema. Before Amy __________(arrive), we ______________(finish) our drinks. When we________(enter) the cinema, the film______already_______(start). Luckily, we did not miss much. had bought had gone entered had arrived came arrived had finished started Part A3 on P88

二、过去完成时的判断依据 1. 由 “ 过去的过去 ” 来判定。 过去完成时表示 “ 过去的过去 ” ，是指过去某一动作之前已 经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用 过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在： 在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句 的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成 时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如： When I got to the station, the train had already left. After he had finished his homework, he went to bed. （ 1 ）状语从句中 Until then,they hadn’t finished the homework yet

We often use ______, ______ or _______ with Past Perfect Tense. beforeafterwhen We use Past Perfect Tense in the following situation （情况） : ★ 在出现了 after, when, before 引导的表示过去某一动作 的时间状语从句中，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。

Hepburn had been a model before she became a great actress. After Hepburn had been a model, she became a great actress. Hepburn had already won an Oscar for Best Actress ＿ when she won the Tony Award for the play Ondine. ＿

二 在宾语从句中，两个动作都发生在过去，当从句的 动作发生在主句的动作之前，从句用过去完成时 (…told/knew/found/said/thought+ 从句）从句是 客观真理除外 1 He said that he ______(see) the f ilm 2 I was told that he ______(buy) that book for 3 weeks/ since 3 weeks ago 3 He asked if one and one___(be) two had seen had is

2. 由时间状语来判定 一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去 完成时连用的时间状语有： （ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end of last term. （ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.

3. 根据上、下文来判定。 I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday. We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing. He felt rather tired because he had worked for the whole night.

Have a competition （竞赛） Make sentences using the past perfect tense: (3’) 1. He brushed his teeth. / I didn’t go to the cinema last night. (5’) 3. I saw the film. (5’) 4. They said. / He had breakfast. (before) / They lived there for ten years. Time’s up ! (because) (3’) 2. We learned about 2,000 English words. (by last week) earlier action

Have a competition （竞赛） Make sentences using the past perfect tense: (3’) 1. He brushed his teeth. / I didn’t go to the cinema last night. (5’) 3. I saw the film. (5’) 4. They said. / He had breakfast. (before) / They lived there for ten years. (because) 3. I didn’t go to the cinema last night because I had seen the film. 4. They said they had lived there for ten years. 1. He had brushed his teeth before he had breakfast. (3’) 2. We learned about 2,000 English words. (by last week) 2. We had learned about 2,000 English words by last week. earlier action

Hepburn had been a model before she became a great actress. A: Had Hepburn been a model before she became a great actress? B: Yes, she had. Yes/no questions

Work in pairs. Had …before…? Yes,.../ No, … sat quietly teacher came in

cleaned the classroom Work in pairs. school was over Had … before… ? Yes,.../ No, …

When little Bob went to school, the teacher asked him--- T-teacher B-Bob T: Had you---before you came to school? B: T: B: T: B: T: B: Make a dialogue.

Millie: Hi, Sandy. I saw an action film during the holiday. It was really good, and my favourite film star played a lead role in it. Sandy: I know you like her a lot.________you ______(see) any of her films before you saw this one? Millie: Yes, I_________. She ____________(act)in many other action films before this Hollywood film. Sandy: ________you _________(watch) any other films during the holiday? Millie: No, I_________. That was the only one. Had seen had had acted Didwatch didn ’ t Work in pairs.

Compare （比较） the following tenses: 1.We have learned six tenses by now. 2. We had learned six tenses by yesterday. 归纳： ★ 现在完成时强调 _______ 为止的结果或状态. ★ 过去完成时强调 ___________ 为止的结果或状态. 到现在 到过去某时 中考加油站 1. I _______ already ________ (have) breakfast, I’m not hungry. 2. I _______ already ________ (have) breakfast before I came here. havehad 3. We started to learn Unit 4 yesterday. ★一般 过去时强调的是 _______ 的动作或状态. 过去 3. Mum __________ (get) up to prepare my breakfast at 5 o’clock this morning. got

五 现在完成时与过去完成时的区别 1 We _______ (not see) each other since we left college I saw him last week, We _______(not see) each other since we left college 2 My father _______(work) here for 5 years My father _______(work) here for 5 years before we moved here haven ’ t seen hadn ’ t seen has worked had worked

3 他离开扬州已好几天了 4 在我们到达扬州时，他离开扬州已好几天 了 He has been away from Yang Zhou for several years He had been away from Yang Zhou for several years when we got there

It is the first time+ 现在完成时 It was the first time+ 过去完成时

短暂性动词与延续性动词转换 arrive/come start/begin leave die wake up buy borrow catch/get a cold finish/stop/end be here be on be away from be dead be awake have keep have a cold be over

fall asleep join/take part in go out move be asleep be in/ be a member of be out of

More practice 1. He said he __________ his breakfast yet. (not have) 2. I saw John yesterday. I ___________ (not see) him before I left Beijing. 3. When I got to the cinema, the film ________(be) on for twenty minutes. hadn’t had hadn’t seen had been

4. You never told me you ________ (see) the film before. 5. The tickets ____________ (sell) out by the time we got to the theater. 6. The train ____ already ___ (leave) when we arrived at the station. 7. By the year of 2004 we __________ (know) each other for ten years. had seen had been sold hadleft had known

8. He said he ________ (be) to Nanjing for a holiday. 9. The poor girl never saw her grandpa because he ______________ (pass away) before she was born. 10. I _____________ (not realize) she wasn’t Chinese until she spoke. had been had passed away hadn’t realized

Fill in the blanks 1. I ___________ (clean) the clothes before you came back. 2. She___________ (leave) already when you arrived. 3. ______they _____ (know) this before you told them? 4. We __________ (not tell) you before you knew it. 5. She came after we_________ (wait) for her for half an hour. had cleaned had left Had known hadn’t told had waited

1 How many English songs _________she ______ (learn) by the end of last month? 2 By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _______________ dinner already. (cook) 3 He ____________ to play the piano before he was ten years old. (learn) 4 She said she _________ the film before. (see) 5 Our English teacher _______________ (teach) English in Guangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School. 6 By the end of last month, they _______________ the bridge. (complete) 7 What _____ Lord Kelvin ______ by the time he was ten? (do) had learned had cooked had learned had seen had taught had completed had done

8 He asked where I ____________ (go) during the summer vacation. 9 The classroom _______________ (clean) before we ______ (get) there yesterday. 10 _____ the boy ______________ his homework before you saw him? (finish) 11 When we got to the station, the train ________ already _______. (leave) 12 We ______________ the book by the end of last month. (finish) 13 When I got back to the shop, someone else _____________ (take) my bag away. 14 When I arrived at the cinema, the film _____________ (be on) for ten minutes. had gone had beencleaned got Had finished had left had finished had taken had been on

15 Jack ___________ in Egypt for eight years before he moved to Guangzhou. (live) 16 He didn’t asked me to speak at the meeting, because I _____ already ______ (refuse) to do it. 17 Last week I didn’t return the book to the library, because I ______________ (not finish) it. 18 Tom said that he ________________ (visit) his Japanese friends the day before. 19 Mrs. Smith said she ________ to Xi’an twice. (be) 20 She asked me if I __________ (read) the story. had lived had hadn’t finished refused had visited had been had read

1. 当我到达那儿时，电影已经放了五 分钟了。 2. 到上学期末，他们已经学会了八首 英语歌曲。 When I got there, the film had been on for five minutes. They had learned eight English songs by the end of last term.

3. 他们搬来这儿之前在农场住了两年。 4. 李梅昨天很高兴，因为她英语考 试得了满分。 They had lived on the farm for two years before they moved here. LiMei was very happy yesterday because she had got full marks in the English exam.