限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 区别：（ 1 ）限制性定语从句与其先行词 关系密切，如果去掉该从句，剩余部分 的意思不完整甚至失去意义；非限制性 定语从句只是其先行词的附加说明，如 去掉，句子剩余部分意思仍然完整。 A man who does not try to learn from others can ’ t achieve much.
（ 2 ）限制性定语从句与其先行词之间不 用逗号隔开，非限制性定语从句与其先 行词之间一般用逗号隔开。 eg2. There ’ re many plays (that) I ’ d like to see. eg3. This note was left by Xiao Wu, who was here a moment ago.
（ 3 ）限制性定语从句的先行词一般为单 个的名词或代词；非限制性定语从句的 先行词既可以是单个的名词或代词，也 可以是整个句子或其中一部分。 eg4. Tom didn ’ t finish homework yesterday, which made his mom crazy. 注意：非限制性定语从句不能用 that 来引 导。
昨天，布朗先生参观了杭州，它因为西湖而闻 名。 Yesterday Mr. Brown paid a visit to Hangzhou, which is famous for its West Lake. 他们邀请我访问他们国家，真是太谢谢他们了。 They have invited me to visit their country, which is very kind of them.
由 as 引导的定语从句 as 可作为关系代词和关系副词来引导定语从句。 1. such … as … “ 像 …… 之类 ” the same … as …“ 和 …… 同样的 Such people as you say are short now. This is the same thing as we are in need of. 先行词被 the same 修饰时，关系代词既可用 that, 也可用 as. 但意义不同，前者表示 “ 同一的 ” ， 后者表示 “ 同样的 ” 。
2. 引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个文 句的内容。表 “ 正如 ……” As was mentioned ， as you said, as has been reported
反意疑问句 一般用于口语英语之中，以较礼貌的形 式来展开一次对话，提出一个要求，请 求对方的同意或肯定一种说法。 前肯定后否定，前否定后肯定 前后两部分在时态、人称、和数上要保 持一致。
注意： 1. 当前句中有 few, little, hardly, never, seldom 等否定 含义的词时，附加问句要用肯定形式。 当前句为祈使句时，反意疑问句常用 ” will you ” Don ’ t forget to phone me, will you 前句部分为主是 Let ’ s 用来表示提出建议，反意疑问句 用 shall we? 若用来表允许，反意疑问句常用 will you? 前句谓语动词是 there be, 反意疑问句仍用 there be 形 式。 在英语口语中，陈述部分若以 I am 开头，反意疑问句 用 aren ’ t I 或 am I not 。
Tom is right, _________? There isn ’ t any apple now, _________? He has been to Beijing, _________? He will get married, ________? I ’ m late, _________? Let ’ s go fishing this afternoon, __________? shall we aren ’ t I isn ’ t he is there hasn ’ t he won ’ t he