Professional English for Mechanical Design Specialty

Lecturer Principal Lecturer Associate Professor： Jing Zhao 赵静 E-mail: zhaojingsdut@163.com Password：sdut2008

RESUME Name: Jing Zhao Title: Associate Professor Sex: Female Date of Birth: October 4th, 1971 Academic Degrees: Doctor Address: Shandong University of Technology Gongqingtuan Rd. West, Zibo, Shandong Province P.R. China, 255012 E-mail: zbceozj@163.com

Teaching Materials Text: English Reading in Mechanical Eng. Lecture Notes will be distributed in the classes. Reading Materials and Assignments may be emailed to zhaojingsdut@163.com ，a public emailbox for this class only，shortly after each lecture. （password：sdut2008）

Teaching Plan Lectures： 60 hours in two terms Assessment: 60 hours (or more) Exam: Assignments 20% Attendance in classes 20% Final Exam 60% ALL aspects of the course must be satisfied.

Contents Part 1: Texts Part 2: Reading Materials Vocabulary Structures Part 2: Reading Materials Part 3: Resume Writing Part 4: Scientific Paper Reading Structure Title Abstract Introduction Material and Method Results and Discussion Conclusion

Lesson 1 Basic concepts in mechanics The branch of scientific analysis which deals with motions, time, and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics. Statics deals with the analysis of stationary system, i.e., those in which time is not a factor, and dynamics deals with systems which change with time. 结构 并列 Parallel 定语从句 Analysis Analyze

Forces are transmitted into machine members through mating surfaces, e Forces are transmitted into machine members through mating surfaces, e.g., from a gear to a shaft or from one gear through meshing teeth to another gear, from a connecting rod through a bearing to a lever, from a v-belt to a pulley, or from a cam to a follower. It is necessary to know the magnitudes of these forces for a variety of reasons. The distribution of the forces at the boundaries or mating surfaces must be reasonable, and their intensities must be within the working limits of the materials composing the surfaces. Transmit 传达，传递， 传送 Transmission Auto ~ Meshing 啮合 Cam 凸轮 Follower 从动件， 随动件 intensity [in’tensiti] n.强烈, 剧烈, 强度, 亮度

For example, if the force operating on a sleeve bearing becomes too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating, and rapid failure of bearing. If the forces between the gear teeth are too large, the oil film may be squeezed out from between them. This could result in flaking and spalling of the metal, noise, rough motion, and eventual failure. In the study of the dynamics we are principally interested in determining the magnitude, direction, and location of the forces. bearing Sleeve ~ Plain ~ Sliding ~ Ball ~ Roller ~ Failure 失败， 破坏， 失效 ~ plain magnitude n.大小, 数量, 巨大, 广大, 量级

Some of the terms used in this phase of our studies are defined below. Force our earliest ideas concerning forces arose because of our desire to push, lift, or pull various objects. So force is the action of one body acting on another. Our intuitive concept of force includes such ideas as place of application, direction, and magnitude, and these are called the characteristics of a force. Matter matter is any material or substance; if it is completely enclosed, it is called a body. Intuitive 直觉的 Characteristics 特性，要素 enclose 封闭，围住 附上

Mass is a measure of the quantity of matter that a body or an object contains. The mass of the body is not dependent on gravity and therefore is different from but proportional to its weight. Thus, a moon rock has a certain constant amount of substance, even though its moon weight is different from its earth weight. This constant amount of substance, or quantity of matter, is called the mass of the rock. Surmising 臆测 inherent 固有的， 生来的 Possess vt. 占有, 拥有, 持有, 摆布, 支配

Inertia inertia is the property of mass that causes it to resist any effort to change its motion. Weight weight is the force of gravity acting upon a mass. The following quotation is pertinent : The great advantage of SI units is that there is one, and only one unit for each physical quantity—the meter for length, the kilogram for mass, the Newton for force, the second for time, etc. To be consistent with this unique feature, it follows that a given unit or word should not be used as a technical name for two physical quantities. However for generations the term “weight” has been used in both technical and nontechnical fields to mean either the force of gravity acting on a body or the mass of the body itself. quotation 引文 Pertinent adj.有关的, 相干的, 中肯的 Consistent 一致的， 一贯的 4 basic SI units in physics: meter, kilogram, (or Newton) second, 。C (or K)

Particle a particle is a body whose dimensions are so small that they may be neglected. Rigid body all bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by forces. When the deformation of such bodies is small, they are frequently assumed to be rigid, i.e., incapable of deformation, in order to simplify the analysis. Deformation body the rigid-body assumption cannot be used when internal stresses and strains due to applied forces are to be analyzed. Thus we consider the body to be capable of deforming. Such analysis is frequently called elastic-body analysis, using additional assumption that the body remain elastic within the range of the applied forces. Dimension 尺寸，量纲, 维(数), Dimensionless, Dimensional analysis Assume vt. 假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现 Stresse 应力 Strains 应变 Straingage 应变片， 应变仪

Newton’s laws newton’s three laws are: Law 1 if all the forces acting on a particle are balanced, the particle will either remain at rest or will continue to move in a straight line at a uniform velocity. Law 2 if the forces acting on a particle are not balanced, the particle will experience an acceleration proportional to the resultant force and in the direction of thee resultant force. Law 3 when two particles react, a pair of interacting forces come into existence; these forces have the same magnitudes and opposite senses, and they act along the straight line common to the two particles. acceleration 加速度 proportional adj.比例的, 成比例的 resultant adj.作为结果而发生的, 合成的 interact vi.互相作用, 互相影响 Existence n. 存在, 实在, 存在物, 实在物

Mechanics deals with two kinds of quantities:scalars and vectors Mechanics deals with two kinds of quantities:scalars and vectors. Scalar quantities are those with which a magnitude alone is associated. Examples of scalar quantities in mechanics are time, volume, density, speed, energy, and mass. Vector quantites, on the other hand, possess direction as well as magnitude. Examples of vectors are displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, moment, and momentum.

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