GERONTOLOGICAL NURSING AND CARE OF OLDER ADULTS 老年护理和老年人的照护 Kristen L. Mauk, PhD, DNP, RN, CRRN, GCNS-BC, GNP-BC, ACHPN, FAAN Copyright SCC 2015

Learning Objectives学习目标 Name the general goals of senior care.说出老年 护理的总体目标 Describe the aging process of each physiological system.描述每个生理系统的衰老过程 Discuss keys to assessment of the older adult.讨 论老年人的评估关键 Recognize that aging changes are partially dependent upon an individual’s health behaviors and preventive health measures.认识衰老的变化 部分依赖于个体的健康行为和预防保健措施

Learning objectives (cont’d)学习目标（续） Identify nursing and caregiver interventions in five key areas.在五个关键领域确认护理和照护者的干预措施 Recognize standards for documentation, reporting, and teamwork in gerontological nursing.识别老年护理文件记录、报告以及团队合作的标准 Discuss treatment for several common problems in older adults.讨论老年人的几个常见问题的治疗 Analyze actions to take for heart attack, stroke, and choking.分析对心脏病发作、脑卒中和窒息应采取的措施

The world is getting older…世界在变老 “No other force is likely to shape the future of national economic health, public finances, and national policies as the irreversible rate at which the world‘s population is growing older.” 由于世界人口老龄化以不可逆转的速度增长，没有其他力量可以塑造国家未来的经济健康，公共财政和国家政策。 (Standard & Poor’s report, 2010)

Aging in the U.S.美国的老龄化 By 2030, 71 million people (20% of U.S. population) will be over age 65 (CDC, 2014)到2030年，7100万人(20%美国人口)将在65岁以上(疾控中心, 2014) Baby boomers turned age 65 in 2011, and this will account for a large growth in the elderly population over the next two decades曾经的婴儿潮在2011年都变成了65岁的人，在未来20年老年人口将会因为这些人而大量增长。 Fasting growing age group is over 85年龄段超过85岁的老年人口迅速增长 Over half of women over age 75 are widows超过一半的75岁以上妇女是寡妇 Shortage of health professionals prepared to care for the large number of older adults大量的老年人需要被照护，而相应的健康专家却短缺

Aging is also individual… 衰老也具个性化……

Aging in China中国的老龄化 Decreased mortality and one child policy has resulted in increased numbers of older persons低死亡率和独生子女政策造成老年人口的增 加。 180 million elderly in 2010 census (“Mainland China”, 2011) = 13% of the total population在2010年人口普查有1.8亿老年人（中国大陆，2011） =总人口的13% Average life expectancy was 73.5 in 2010 (Wong & Leung, 2012)在2010年， 平均期望寿命是73.5岁 The elderly will be a big burden for China through the year 2050, when that population will reach 400 million, accounting for 25 percent of the total, according to Zhang Wenfan, president of the Chinese Old-age Association.中国老龄协会会长张文范发言：中国到2050年， 老年人将是一个大负担，到那时老年人口将达到4亿，占总人口的25%

Seniors supported by family 老年人有家庭支持

So, why study aging and the aged? 因此，为什么学习衰老和老年问题？ Aging is a universal phenomenon衰老是一个普遍的现象 The world population is aging世界人口正在向老龄化发展 There are not enough trained health care workers to meet the demands that the aging population will bring没有足够 的受过培训的健康照护者来满足老龄人口带来的需求 Not enough specialists in gerontology, geriatrics, and gerontological nursing没有足够的老年医学专家，老年病 学专家，老年护理专家 We all need to prepare for the trends that are coming我们 需要准备迎接这些趋势的到来

Key areas of assessment/intervention 评估/干预的关键领域 ELIMINATION DIET CIRCULATION BREATHING ACTIVITY Key areas