1．breeze n．[C，U]微风，和风 ①A gentle breeze was blowing. 微风轻吹。 ②We are enjoying the cool breeze that comes from the lake. 我们享受着湖面上吹来的凉爽的微风。
知识拓展 breeze微风 wind风 storm暴风 gale强风 hurricane飓风 gust阵风 tornado龙卷风 typhoon台风 whirlwind旋风 thunderstorm雷暴
2．channel n．[C]途径；渠道 ①Your complaint must be made through the proper channels. 你的意见必须通过正当途径投诉。 ②You should go through the official channels if you want the government to help. 你应该通过正式渠道来争取政府的帮助。 知识拓展 channel n．[C]频道；海峡
3．reveal v．揭示，揭露；显露 ①Do you promise not to reveal my secret? 你能答应不把我的秘密泄露出去吗？ ②The curtains opened, to reveal a darkened stage. 大幕拉开，露出一个黑暗的舞台。 ③If you reveal your secrets to the wind, you should not blame the wind for revealing them to the trees. 如果你将秘密告诉风，就不要怪风将秘密泄露给树。
4．reflection n．[C]倒影；[U，C]深思；反映，反射 ①He looked into the pool and saw a reflection of himself. 他看见水池里有自己的倒影。 ②After reflection, I felt I had made the wrong decision. 经过反省，我觉得我做了个错误的决定。 ③The rising rate of crime is a reflection of an unstable society. 犯罪率上升是社会不稳定的反映。 知识拓展 on/upon reflection仔细想起来，反省起来
5．seed n．[C，U]种子 These vegetables can be grown from seed. 这些蔬菜可以撒籽栽种。 知识拓展
6．shadow n．[C，U]影子，阴影 ①The shadows of the trees grew longer as the afternoon went on. 随着下午时光的延续，树影会越来越长。 ②The scandal cast a shadow on his career. 这件丑闻给他的事业投上了一层阴影。 知识拓展 catch at shadows捕风捉影 under the shadow of在……的庇护下；受……的影响
情态动词 情态动词：must, can't, may/might, should, could, would
情 态 动 词 表示推测 can (能)；may(可能)；could(可能)；might(可能)；must(一定)；should(应该)；ought to (应该)；will/would (会) 表示义务，责任，必要 must (必须)；have to(不得不)；should(可能)；might(可能)；must (一定)；should(应该)；ought to (应该)；need(有必要)；needn't(没有必要)；don't have to (不必)；had better(最好) 表示能力 can(能够)；could(能够) 表示请求、 许可、禁止 Can I．..? May I．..? Could I．..? Might I．..? (委婉形式)；Will you...? Would you please...? Shall I．..？； can't (不可以)；may not(不许)；mustn't(禁止) 表示习惯 和倾向 used to do (过去的习惯行为)；would (过去常常)；will(将要) 表示意志 will(与第一人称连用，意为“愿意”)；shall(与第二人称和第三人称连用表示命令、允诺、强烈的语气)；dare (敢) 情态动词＋have done should have done; could have done; can have done; may have done; might have done; ought to have done; needn't have done; would have done; must have done
1.can (could) 1)表示能力，could主要用于过去时。 ①Two eyes can see more than one. 两只眼比一只眼看得清。 ②Could the girl read before she went to school? 这个女孩上学前识字吗？ 2)表示可能(理论上或是逻辑上判断)。 The temperature can fall to －60℃，that is 60℃ below freezing. 气温可降至－60℃，也就是零下60℃。
3)表示允许、许可；可用may代替；can't表示“不准”。 ①Can I have a look at your new pen? 我可以看一看你的新钢笔吗？ ②He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading room. 他问他可不可以把书带出阅览室。 ③In the buses, you can't smoke. 在公共汽车上，不准吸烟。 4)表惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度。主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中。
①Where can (could) they have gone? 他们会去哪儿了呢？ ②He can't (couldn't) be over sixty. 他不可能超过了六十岁。 ③How can you be so careless? 你怎么这么粗心？ 5)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法。 ①Can (Could) you lend me a hand? 帮我一把好吗？ ②I'm afraid we couldn't give you an answer today. 恐怕我们今天不能给你答复。
2．may (might) 1)表允许或请求允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指现在时间，语气更委婉。 ①You may take whatever you like. 你喜欢什么就拿什么。 ②He told me that I might smoke in the room. 他告诉我可以在房间里抽烟。 ③May (Might) I ask for a photo of your baby? 我可以要一张你宝宝的照片吗？ 在回答may引导的问句时，尽量避免用这个词，而用其他方式，如Yes, please./Certainly./Please don't/You'd better not./No, you mustn't.等，以免显得太严肃或不客气。
2)表可能(事实上)。可以指过去时间，也可以指现在时间，但语气更加不肯定。 ①She may not know about it. 她可能不知道这件事。 ②They might be having a meeting, but I'm not sure. 他们有可能在开会，不过我不肯定。
3．must 1)表示义务。意为“必须”(主观意志)。 ①We must do everything step by step. 我们做一切事情都必须循序渐进地做。 ②You mustn't talk to her like that. 你不能那样对她说话。 ③—Must we hand in our exercisebooks now? 我们现在就要交练习本吗？ —No, you needn't./No，you don't have to. 不必。(这种情况下，一般不用mustn't)
2)表示揣测。意为“想必、准是、一定”等，只用于肯定句。 ①He must be ill. He looks so pale. 他准是病了。他的脸色苍白。 ②She's wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money. 她戴着钻石项链，她一定很有钱。
4．should 1)表义务。意为“应该”(某件事宜于做)，用于各种人称。 ①You should be polite to your teachers. 你对老师应该有礼貌。 ②You/Shouldn't waste any time. 你不应该浪费时间。 2)表推测，意为“想必、一定、照说应该、估计”等。 ①The film should be very good as it is starred by firstclass actors. 这部电影是一流演员主演的，估计拍得很好。
②They should be at home by now. 按说他们现在应当已经到家了。 3)表示委婉地陈述自己的意见。 ①I should like to have a match with you. 我想跟你比一比。 ②I should advise you to pay more attention to state affairs. 我劝你们观注国家大事。
5．would 1)表意愿 ①They would not let him in because he was poorly dressed. 他们不让他进去是因为他衣着破旧。 ②I said I would do anything for you. 我说过我愿意为你做任何事。 2)表委婉地提出请求、建议或看法 ①Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗？ ②Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗？
③They wouldn't have anything against it. 他们不会有什么反对意见。 3)表过去反复发生的动作或习惯性动作或过去的一种倾向 Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help. 她每遇到麻烦都会向他求助。
即学即用 (1)(2009·北京)One of the few things you________say about English people with certainty is that they talk a lot about the weather. A．need B．must C．should D．can 答案：D 本题题意：英国人对于天气谈论很多，这是你可以很确定的少数事情之一。can表示“(有能力或能够发生)能，会”。例如：If there's one thing you can say about the French, it's that they know how to put on a good lunch. 如果法国有什么特别值得一提之处的话，那就是法国人最懂得如何安排一顿像样的午餐。
(2)(2009·天津)This printer is of good quality (2)(2009·天津)This printer is of good quality. If it________break down within the first year, we would repair it at our expense. A．would B．should C．could D．might 答案：B 考查虚拟语气。句意：“这台打印机质量很好。如果一年内它坏了，我们会免费为你修理。”对将来的虚拟中，从句可用“should＋动词原形”。
(3)(2009·江苏)He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently. A．could express B．would express C．could have expressed D．must have expressed 答案：C 表示过去本可以做到某事，应用could have done结构。
(4)(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets (4)(2009·全国卷Ⅰ)What do you mean, there are only ten tickets? There________be twelve. A．should B．would C．will D．shall 答案：A 句意为“你这是什么意思，只有十张票吗？应该有十二张票。”should表示“应该，应当”。
(5)(2009·福建)But for the help of my English teacher, I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition. A．would not win B．would not have won C．would win D．would have won 答案：B 考查虚拟语气。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋have done结构，故选B。
(6)(2009·全国卷Ⅱ)I can't leave. She told me that I________stay here until she comes back. A．can B．must C．will D．may 答案：B 本题题意：我不能离开。她告诉我说我必须呆在这里，直到她回来。must表示“(必要或很重要)必须”
(7)(2008·福建)It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it________be rather cold sometimes. A．must B．can C．should D．would 答案：B 本题考查了情态动词的用法。can用在肯定句中可以指“有时会；可能会”，而must表示“肯定；必需”；should表示“应该”；would表示“意愿；决心”。句意为“三月份在我们家乡通常比较暖和，但有时也会非常冷”。
(8)(2008·湖南)You don't have to know the name of the author to find a book. You______find the book by the title. A．must B．need C．can D．would 答案：C 考查情态动词。can在此处表能力，可译为“可以，能够”。句意为：要找一本书，你没有必要知道这本书的作者的名字。你可以根据书名找到这本书。
(9)(2008·江苏)—I'm sorry. I________at you the other day. —Forget it. I was a bit out of control myself. A．shouldn't shout B．shouldn't have shouted C．mustn't shout D．mustn't have shouted 答案：B 由第一个人说的话可知说话人为过去(the other day“几天前”)做的事情后悔，即“过去做了不应该做的事情”。因此只有B正确。
(10)(2008·山东)Thank you for all your hard work last week (10)(2008·山东)Thank you for all your hard work last week. I don't think we________it without you. A．can manage B．could have managed C．could manage D．can have managed 答案：B 本题主要考查虚拟语气在主句中的用法。句意为“感谢您上周所做的努力工作。如果没有您(上周的工作)，我想我们(上周)是完不成的”。与过去事实相反的主句虚拟式应为could have done。故其他选项形式不对。
(11)(2008·江西)What a pity. Considering his ability and experience, he________better. A．need have done B．must have done C．can have done D．might have done 答案：D 考查情态动词与虚拟语气。what a pity表明了一种遗憾的语气。句意为“太可惜了！就能力和经验而言，他应该/或许/一定会做得更好些的。”A明显不正确；B项与上文矛盾，C项中表达虚拟语气应把can改为could，表示对过去的事情进行推测；只有D项might表示对过去的事情的肯定的推测，意为“或许”。
(12)(2008·辽宁)Peter________be really difficult at times even though he's a nice person in general. A．shall B．should C．can D．must 答案：C 考查情态动词。句意：既使彼得总的说来很平易近人，但他有时也很难相处。can在此表示常有的行为或情形，可译为“有时会；有时可能”。
(13)(2008·四川)Although this________sound like a simple task, great care is needed. A．must B．may C．shall D．should 答案：B 本题题意：虽然听上去这可能是一项简单的任务，但是小心谨慎是必要的。may表示“(有可能但不肯定) 也许；可能”。例如：That may or may not be true. 那可能是实情， 也可能不是。
(14)(2008·浙江)You________be hungry already—you had lunch only two hours ago! A．wouldn't B．can't C．mustn't D．needn't 答案：B can用于否定句，表示某事肯定不真实。must表推测时，只用在肯定句中。need和would均无表推测的用法。句意：你肯定不饿，两个小时前你刚刚吃完午饭。
(15)(2008·北京)John promised his doctor he________not smoke, and he has never smoked ever since. A．might B．should C．could D．would 答案：D 本题考查了情态动词的用法。would在此表示“意志；决心”；而might表示“也许；可能”；should表示“应当；应该”；could表示“可以；能够”，均与题意不符。句意为“约翰答应了医生不再吸烟，并且从那以后再也没有吸过”。