Unit One

Contents Backgrounds Tasks Language Points Language Focuses Assignments Exercise

Pulitzer Prize

The Pulitzer Prize is an American award regarded as the highest honor in print journalism, literary achievements, and musical compositions. It is administered by Columbia University in New York City. Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of these, each winner receives a $10,000 cash award and a certificate. The winner in the Public Service category of the Journalism competition is awarded a gold medal, which always goes to a newspaper, although an individual may be named in the citation.

Pulitzer Prize The prize was established by Joseph Pulitzer, a Hungarian-American journalist and newspaper publisher, who left money to Columbia University upon his death in Part of the bequest was used to found the university's journalism school in The first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded on June , and they are now announced each April. Recipients are chosen by an independent board.Joseph Pulitzer

Topics 1. Your Unforgettable Experience 2. How to face up to the hardship when you are growing up? 3. Describe the person who gives you a deep impression 4. What’s Your Idea of Growing up?

Growing Up Is So Tiring

Are You This Tired?

This is not a bad bed?

Discussion 1.Do you think Baker would write another essay if he had enough time? Why? 1.Do you think Baker would write another essay if he had enough time? Why? 2.What was Baker prepared for when he found all the papers had been given back but his? 2.What was Baker prepared for when he found all the papers had been given back but his? 3.Whose essay did Mr. Fleagle read to the class? How did the class respond? 3.Whose essay did Mr. Fleagle read to the class? How did the class respond? 4.Which paragraph in this part gives readers the impression that Baker ’ s essay was very good? 4.Which paragraph in this part gives readers the impression that Baker ’ s essay was very good? 5.Why did Baker feel so delighted?

Comprehension on the text 1.Do you think it is only because of Mr.Fleagle who turned “ me ” into a writer, or “ I ” have the interest and potential in literature? From which sentence? 2.How do “ I ” describe Mr. Fleagle? 3.What kind of feeling can we figure out that “ I ” have to Mr.Fleagle? 4.Group work after passage A, in the text book. 5.Make a good understanding of the first sentence of paragraph 3

Tasks on text 1.What can we infer from this sentence “Until then I had been bored by everything associated with English course”? 2.what can you infer from the sentence: I hated the assignments to turn out long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. 3. what can we learn from this phrase: “another cheerless year.”? 4. What does the author really mean when he says “ I... was not disappointed”? 5. What can we infer from these sentences? List phrases to support your inference.

Tasks on text 6. Paraphrase the sentence “This title produced an extraordinary of mental images.” and translate it into Chinese. 7. Analyze the structure of the sentence: Vivid memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table - - Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal -- and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. 8. What is the relationship between Baker and Doris? Why? 9. Why did Baker think he would be punished? 10. What’s the function of the word “when” in the sentence “I was prepared…for discipline.”?

运用性任务 4. 找出难理解的词和句子，课堂向老师提问。 5 ．划出你认为在完成 “ Topic ” 时要用到的词和句子，并试着一定 用到。 6 ．从你的角度出发，你认为本文中获益最深的是什么？谈谈你 的收获。 ( 课后完成 ) 7 ．你认为课后哪些作业对你最有帮助？一定要独立完成。 ( 课后 完成 ) 8 ．你对文章结尾的评价。 9 ．搜集第四、五段中含前缀 ” re- ” 的单词，总结其含义。 10 ．搜集第四、五段中代词 ” it ” 和 “ that ” 在不同句子中的指代关 系，回指？下指？ 11 ．作者为什么安排第六段，用意何在？

The idea of becoming a writer had come to me since my childhood in Belleville, but it wasn’t until my third year in high school that the possibility.possibility Writing for Myself off and on took hold associated the assignments to long, lifeless paragraphs that were agony for teachers to read and for me to write. turn out I hatedI found English grammar dull and difficult. I’d been by everything with English courses. bored Until then 1

off and on (on and off) off and on (=on and off): from time to time; sometimes; now and again; irregularly It has been raining on and off for a week. That ’ s why the clothes feel damp. As her patient slept soundly during the night, Nurse Betty was able to doze off and on in a bedside chair.

possibility =probability possibility: 1)the fact or state of being possible 可能 性 [ 同义词 ] probability Is there any possibility of life on Mars? They haven ’ t arrived. There is a possibility that they have taken the wrong road. 2)potentiality for favorable or interesting result 潜在 价值 The idea has tremendous possibilities. 这个想法极具潜在价值。 Housewives who do not go out to work often feel they are not working to their full_____(1997.6) A. capacity B. strength C. length D. possibility A

Word building: -ble → -bility possible adj. 可能的 (opp: impossible—impossibility ) You have to remember all the words by any possibility 以任何可能的方法 Word building: -ble→-bility More examples: ability, capability stability, probability, responsibility, etc.

take hold → hold water take hold: 1) become established 生根，确立, 落实（想法， 制度） 2) take (catch, lay, seize) hold of 抓住 The idea of one child only has taken hold in many Chinese families. Old habits die hard. That ’ s why you should stop smoking before the habit takes hold. Similar: hold water: If a reason, argument or explanation holds water, it is true: Her alibi just didn't hold water. 她的辩解站不住脚。 Now we come to see that our plan can not hold water such situations.

What can we infer from this sentence? Up to then, Baker had had no interest in things related to English courses. Tasks

associate associate: vt. join or connect together; bring in the mind 使联系起来；使联想 We naturally associated the name of Darwin with the doctrine of evolution. 我们自然而然地把达尔文的名字与进化论联系在一起。 We associate Egypt with the Nile. 我们想起埃及就想起尼罗河。 vi. 交往, 结合 [ 同义 ] relate, combine He only associated with good students. 他只与好学生来往。 I associated with him in business. 我和他合作经商。

associate n.1) 伙伴, 同事, 合伙人 [ 同义 ] colleague, confederate, fellow, partner 2) 大专毕业证书 3) 副教授 They are the associates of the leader in the enterprise. 他们是该业创办人的伙伴。 The thief and his associates were caught by the police. 那个贼及其同伙被警察抓住了。 a. 副的 : associate professor; an associate editor of a magazine A healthy life is frequently thought to be _____with the open countryside and home grown food.(1996.6) A. tied B. bound C. involved D. associated D

turn out turn out 1) produce 生产，制造 New computers are soon outdated since newer models are turned out constantly. American film studios turn out hundreds of films every year. 2) prove to be 证明是，结果是 Their performance turned out to be a great success. It turned out that he was George ’ s father. 3) expel 赶出，赶走 If you don ’ t behave properly, you will be turned out.

turn and 相关短语 4) extinguish 熄灭 You could lie in bed and press these buttons to lock the door and turn out the lights. 5) 关掉： Please turn out the light. 请把灯关掉。 6 ) 结果，结束： The story turned out happily. 故事结局美满。 turn away 回绝，把 … 打发走 turn down 关小； 拒绝 turn on/off 打开 / 关闭 turn over 翻过来；移交 turn to 求助 collocation

When our class was assigned to Mr. Fleagle for third-year English I in that most of subjects. Mr. Fleagle had a among students for dullness and inability to another cheerless year. He was said to be very formal, and hopelessly out of date. To me he looked to be sixty or seventy and excessively prim. He wore primly eyeglasses, his wavy hair was primly cut and primly combed. He wore prim suits with neckties set primly against the collar buttons of his white shirts. He had a primly pointed jaw, a primly straight nose, and a prim manner of speaking that was so correct, so gentlemanly, that he seemed a comic antique. anticipated tedious inspire.rigid severe reputation 2

anticipate ， anticipation anticipate: to imagine or expect that something will happen, sometimes : 预期，期望 They anticipate having several applicants for the job. It's always best to anticipate a problem before it arises. At this stage we can't really anticipate what will happen. anticipation n. 预期，期望 in anticipation (of) in preparation for something happening: She's even decorated the spare room in anticipation of your visit. The doctors don’t ______ that he will live longer.(2000.1) A. articulate B. anticipate C. manifest D. monitor B

participate participation, participant Cf. participate (in) to take part in or become involved in an activity: She never participates in any of our discussions, does she? participation n. [U] participant n. [C] a person who takes part in or becomes involved in a particular activity

reputation reputation: fame; (an) opinion (about sb. or sth.) held by others 名声，名誉 The company has a worldwide reputation for quality. She has the reputation of being a good doctor. He earned/established/gained/acquired a reputation as an entertaining speaker. reputable a. having a good reputation and able to be trusted: I insured my property with an established, reputable company. Notice: reputation → reputable ←→ disreputable fame → famous ←→ infamous Of all the soldiers they had the ________ of being the fiercest, the patriotic, the toughest. (1994.1) A. recognition B. reservation C. recreation D. reputation D

severe severe: 1) completely plain 朴素的，朴实的 Earnest Hemingway is known for his severe writing style. 2) stern, strict 严厉的, 严格的 : The foreman was especially severe with him. This troop has severe military rules. 这支部队有严格的军纪。 3) causing very great pain, difficulty, worry, etc. 严重的 : His illness was a severe one. 他的病很严重。 He had a severe attack of toothache. 牙痛剧烈发作了。 4) difficult 严峻的, 艰难的 : This is a severe test. 这是一次严峻的考验 The pace was too severe to be kept up for long. 跟上这步伐太难了, 无法持久。

Late in the year we the informal essay. Mr. Fleagle distributed a homework sheet offering us a choice of topics. None was quite so simple-minded as “What I Did on My Summer Vacation,” but most seemed to be almost as dull. The topic on which my eye stopped was “The Art of Eating Spaghetti.” Spaghetti I prepared for an unfruitful year with Mr. Fleagle and for a long time was not disappointed. I took the list home and did nothing until the night before the essay was due. Lying on the sofa, I finally the unwelcome task, took the list out of my notebook, and scanned it. faced up to tackled 3

tasks What does the author really mean when he says “ I... was not disappointed”? He means that his expectation was right that Mr. Fleagle’s lessons were dull.

tackle =deal with tackle: 处理，应付 Toshiba ( 东芝 ) recently designed a robot that can tackle almost any kinds of housework. The classroom was quiet as students were busy tackling the final exam. tackle sb. about / over sth 为某事与某人坦率到交谈 The local government leaders are making every effort to _______ the problem of poverty.(1996.1) A. abolish B. tackle C. remove D. encounter B

Tasks 1. What can we infer from these sentences? Baker was unwilling to write his essay. 2. List phrases to support your inference. did nothing until… the essay was due; faced up to the unwelcome task.

known foreign dish in those days. All the good humor of Uncle Allen’s house reawoke in my mind as I the laughing we had that night about the socially respectable method for moving spaghetti from plate to mouth. respectable This title produced an extraordinary of mental images. sequence recalled arguments memories came flooding back of a night in Belleville when all of us were seated around the supper table -- Uncle Allen, my mother, Uncle Charlie, Doris, Uncle Hal -- and Aunt Pat served spaghetti for supper. Vivid Spaghetti was still a little ever eaten spaghetti, and none of the adults had enough Neither Doris nor I had experience to be good at it. 4

sequence sequence: 1)connected line of events, ideas, etc. 连续, 接续, 一连串 [ 同义 ] series, succession There were a sequence of bumper harvests these years. 这几年连续大丰收。 The enemy are suffering heavy defeats in rapid sequence. 敌人接二连三的遭到失败。 2 ）次序, 顺序 [ 同义 ] order I want you to describe all the events of that morning in sequence. 我要你按顺序描述那天上午发生的事情。 He has a poor memory for dates and often mixes up the sequence of events. 他记日期的能力很差, 常把事情的先后次序弄混。

structure Analyze the structure of the sentence. 在这个长句中， came flooding back 是谓语，其余的都是主语。为 了 使句子结构平衡，避免头重脚轻，作者运用了割裂修饰法，把谓 语前移，主语中心语的修饰成分后置，使谓语紧接主语。例如： A list has been drawn up of words we have learned so far. S All is not gold that glitters. S

Spaghetti Spaghetti is the Italian-style thin noodle, cooked by boiling and served with sauce. Unlike some Chinese noodles, it is not served in soup and will never taste pulpy ( 多汁的 ).

S There are many arguments against smoking. 1) a disagreement; a quarrel S 那位著名的教授总能把论点讲透彻。 S Mary found that compromise was always the best policy when she had an argument with her husband. argument: n. T The famous professor can always drive home an argument. a reason given to support or disprove something2)

Collocation ： 加入 / 卷入争论 get into an argument 中断一场争论 break off an argument 结束一场争论 terminate an argument 解决一场争论 settle an argument 激烈的争论 a bitter/violent/heated argument 提出论点 put forward/offer an argument 驳倒一个论点 confute an argument

辨析 : respectable, respective, respectful 1.respective a. 分别的 ; 各自的 He drove them both to their respective homes. 他驾车把他们分别送到家里。 2.respectable a.1) 值得尊敬的 Our new neighbors are very respectable people. 我们的新邻居是十分可敬的人。 2) 名声好的 ; 体面的 It is not respectable to spit on the sidewalk. 在人行道上吐痰是不文雅的。 3)( 质、量等 ) 不错的, 相当的, 可观的 a respectable sum of money / 相当数目的一笔钱 3.respectful n. 可敬的人 ; 正派的人 a. 恭敬的 ; 尊敬人的, 尊重人的 The woman kept a respectful silence. 那位妇人恭敬地保持着沉默。

Suddenly I wanted to write about that, about the warmth and good feeling of it, but I wanted to put it down simply for my own joy, not for Mr. Fleagle. It was a moment I wanted to recapture and hold for myself. I wanted to relive the pleasure of that evening. To write it as I wanted, however, it would violate all the rules of formal composition I’d learned in school, and Mr. Fleagle would surely give it a failing grade. Never mind. I would write something else for Mr. Fleagle after I had written this thing for myself. violate put it down 5

violate An obvious change of attitude at the top towards women’s status in society will ____through the current law system in Japan. A. permeate B. probe C. violate D. grope Violate: vt. act against S A country isn’t respected if it violates an international agreement. Speeding in downtown areas violates traffic regulations. violator n. a person who violates C

[ 辨析 ] violent, violence violent a.1) using force to hurt or attack: He shouts a lot but I don't think he's ever been physically violent towards her. 2) describes a situation or event in which people are hurt or killed: a violent crime There was a violent clash between rival supporters after the match. 3) sudden and powerful: He has a violent temper./violent thunderstorm 4) [before noun] describes a color which is extremely or unpleasantly bright: She was wearing a violent pink sweater and orange trousers.

When I finished it the night was half gone and there was no time left to compose a proper, respectable essay for Mr. Fleagle. There was no choice next morning but to turn in my tale of the Belleville supper. Two days passed before Mr. Fleagle returned the graded papers, and he returned everyone’s but mine. I was preparing myself for a to report to Mr. Fleagle immediately after school for discipline when I saw him lift my paper from his desk and knock for the class’s attention. compose turn in command 6

compose: vt. write or create ( music, poetry, etc.) s The president’s speech is really brilliant. Do you think it was composed by himself or by someone else? s John Lennon composed the song Beautiful Boy for his son. little Lennon

这组动词的一般含义为 “ 组成 ” 或 “ 构成 ” 。 compose 常见于被动语态，构成 be composed of 的结构，表示 “ 由 … 构成 ” ；在用于主动语态时, 一般包含着 “ 融合为一 ” 的意思，而且主语或者 是复数名词或者是集体名词。例如： s Concrete is composed of cement, sand and gravel mixed with water. T 混凝土由水泥、砂、石子与水掺和而构成。 s England, Scotland and Wales compose the island of Great Britain. T 英格兰、苏格兰和威尔士构成大不列颠岛。 CF: compose, consist of, comprise & constitute

consist of 意为 “ 由 … 构成 ” ，强调结果是一个统一整体。例如： s New York City consists of five boroughs. T 纽约市由五个行政区组成。 comprise 可表示 “ 由 … 构成 ” ；也可表示 “ 构成 ” 。例如： s The committee comprises men of widely different views. T 这个委员会由见解甚为殊异的人组成。 s Fifty states comprise the United States. constitute 的主语可以是复数名词也可以是单数名词，所 “ 构成 ” 的事物在属性和 特征上，亦或在组织上，与组成成分是一致的。例如： s Seven days constitutes a week. T 七天构成一个星期。

“Now, boys,” he said. “I want to read you an essay. This is titled, ‘The Art of Eating Spaghetti. ’ ” And he started to read. My words! He was reading my words out loud to the entire class. the entire class was listening. Listening attentively. Then somebody laughed, then the entire class was laughing, and not in contempt and ridicule, but with open-hearted enjoyment. Even Mr. Fleagle stopped two or three times to hold back a small prim smile. What’smore, hold back 7

hold back: 1) prevent the expression of (feelings, tears, etc.) Johnny cried bitterly in the classroom, not even attempting to hold back the tears. 2) make sb. or sth. stop moving forward s The men built banks of earth to hold back the rising flood water. 3) prevent the development of s You could become a good musician, but your lack of practice is holding you back. 4) keep (sth.) secret s 把事情全告诉我，不要隐瞒任何细节。 T Tell me about it -- don’t hold anything back. hold back

I did my best to avoid showing pleasure, but what I was feeling was pure delight at this demonstration that my words had the power to make people laugh. In the eleventh grade, at the eleventh hour as it were, I had discovered a calling. It was the happiest moment of my entire school career. When Mr. Fleagle finished he put the final seal on my happiness by saying, “Now that, boys, is an essay, don’t you see. It’s -- don’t you see -- it’s of the very essence of the essay, don’t you see. Congratulations, Mr. Baker.” avoid In the eleventh grade, at as it were, I had discovered a calling. the eleventh hour careerput the seal on 8

the eleventh hour: the last moment before sth. important happens s John turned in the report at the eleventh hour. s 那位总统的访问在最后时刻被取消了。 T The president’s visit was called off at the eleventh hour.

career career: a job or profession for which one is trained and which one intends to follow for the whole of one's life 生涯，事业；职业 My farmer parents have never expected me to make novel writing my career. In her long career as a journalist, Barbara Walters has interviewed famous people from all over the world. Collocation ： 闯出一番事业；谋求发迹 in (the) full career 开足马力地, 全速地 make a career 在事业上有所成就 carve (out) a career for oneself

[ 辨析 ]career, occupation, profession. trade career, 生涯，经历，某人工作经历或事业上取得成就的过程或进程。 We can learn much by reading about the careers of great men. Thus ended his career; occupation, 职业，某个正常的生活来源的一项活动，行业。 Teaching is my occupation. profession, 职业，需要大量训练或专门学习的行业；同业，同行，某 一职业或领域内有资格人的全体。 He is a doctor by profession. They were condemned by the profession. trade, 在商业或行业工作或与此相联系的人们。 He works in the tourist trade. / He is a carpenter by trade.

put / set the seal on: make sth. definite or complete s A last-minute goal set/put the seal on Tottenham’s victory. s The experience set the seal on their friendship. put / set the seal on

Useful Expressions 1. 断断续续 off and on 2. 对 … 感到腻味 3. 觉得 … 枯燥难懂 4. 以 … 而出名 5. 据说某人 … be bored by... find... dull and difficult have a reputation for... sb. be said to be...

Useful Expressions 6. 拘谨刻板，落后于时代 formal, rigid and out-of-date 7. 随笔小品文 8. 躺在沙发上 9. 不得不面对 … 10. 围坐在晚餐桌旁 an informal essay lie on a sofa face up to... be seated around the supper table

Useful Expressions 15. 别无选择，只好做 … There is no choice but to do … 重现在我脑海中 12. 自得其乐 13. 违反规定 14. 不及格分... reawake in my mind for my own joy violate the rules a failing grade

Useful Expressions 16. 更不可思议的是 what’s more 17. 专心听讲 18. 乐乎乎地开怀大笑 20. 最后的时刻 listen attentively laugh with open-hearted enjoyment at the eleventh hour 19. 心花怒放 pure delight

Find out the synonymous words and phrases from Text A for the words and phrases below. Synonyms dull (L. 4): lifeless (L. 5), cheerless (L. 8), tedious (L. 8) turn out (L. 5): anticipate (L. 8): formal (L.10): write (L. 6), put down (L. 34), compose (L. 41) prepare for (L. 16) rigid (L. 10), prim (L. 11), correct (L. 15), proper (L. 41), respectable (L. 41)

Find out the synonymous words and phrases from Text A for the words and phrases below. Synonyms vivid memories of sth. come flooding back to sb. (L.25): sth. reawakes in sb’s mind (L. 30), sb. recalls sth.(L. 31) recapture (L. 35): pleasure (L. 54): relive (L. 36) delight (L. 55), happiness (L. 58) contempt (L. 52): ridicule (L. 52) topic (L. 22): title (L. 24)

Assignment 1. Do “Spot Dictation” in another teaching resource after class. 2.Finish the “Summary Writing in the same place”. 3. Recite Paras Do “Structure”(p.16-17)

Exercises 1. Translate the following into English (20 分 ) 觉得 … 枯燥难懂 围坐在晚餐桌旁 重现在我脑海中 重现在我的脑海中 违反规定 以 … 而出名 自得其乐 不及格分数 别无选择, 只好做 … 更不可思议的是 2. Translate the following sentences into English (20 分 ) 1) 从孩提时代, 我还住在贝尔维尔时, 我的脑子里就断断续续地转着当作 家的念头, 但直到我高中三年级时, 这一想法才有了实现的可能. 2) 我痛恨那些冗长乏味的段落写作, 老师读着受累, 我写着痛苦. 3) 我躺在沙发上, 最终不得不面对这一讨厌的功课, 便从笔记本里抽出作 文题目单粗粗在看了一下. 4) 我的目光落在 “ 吃意大利面的艺术 ” 这个题目上. 5) 这个题目在我的脑海里唤起了一连串不同寻常的图像, 贝尔维尔之夜 清晰的回忆如潮水一般涌来.

3. Fill in the gaps with words or phrases you’ve learnt in unit one and change the form where necessary.(10 分 ) 1) When I saw my little boy crying over the dead pet dog, I could hardly ____my tears. 2) The director wanted to hear all the ___for and against the proposal before he made a decision. 3) The president came under attack from all sides for his inability to ____the country’s severe social problem. 4) People often ___ the old days ___ good times. 5) They are going to ___ those clothes and blankets among the flooded victims. 6) the second part of the book describes the strange ____ of events that lead to the King’s fall from power. 7) The company has a ___ for high-quality leather shoes. 8) Parts of my childhood are so ____ to me that they could be memories of yesterday. 9) Once she starts a reading a book, she always finishes it, even if it’s really ____. 10) We offered them our ______ on winning the match. Exercises

Text B Summer Reading 1. …I had built up a body of customers: …I had got a number of customers. A body of= a fixed group of 2. on purpose: intentionally E.g. I didn’t do it on purpose, you know. It was a complete accident. He mispelt her name on purpose, so she would not think the letter was from him 3. Mr. Ballou…category.: Mr Ballou never paid me for my work. “fall into a category” means “belong to” 4. I kept … total: I remembered the total amount of money he owed me.

5. adjust (to): become suited (to the new conditions, etc.) It took George a couple of weeks to adjust to his new college life. I’d only ever driven a car before, but I adjusted to driving the truck without any problem. 6. I thought … new excuse.: I thought I would help him avoid the difficulty of having to invent a new excuse for not paying me. think up: produce by thought; devise Dave thought up an idea and he wanted us to try it out. Text B Summer Reading

7.Down payment refers to an amount of money that you pay at the time you buy something expensive, esp. a home or a car, and agree to pay the rest at a later time or over a period of time. In this sentence, Mr. Ballou could have one or two books from him as a down payment on his work. 8. Within a few pages… disappeared…: having read a few pages, I was so attracted by the novel that I forgot everything around me… clash: fight or serious disagreement Rioters threw rocks and petrol bombs in clashes with police at the weekend. Text B Summer Reading

9.Dartmouth College: Located in Hanover, New Hampshire, Dartmouth, a member of the Ivy League, is a private, four- year, coeducational undergraduate college with graduate schools of business, engineering and medicine and 18 graduate programs in the arts and sciences. Founded in 1769, it is America’s ninth-oldest college. 10. assume: suppose (sth.) to be a fact Everything was quiet when I got home so I assumed that you had gone out. We can’t assume that he’s innocent simply because he says he is. Text B Summer Reading