成才之路 · 英语 人教版 · 选修6(十二省区) 路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索

Unit 5 The power of nature

Section Ⅱ Learning about Language Unit 5 Section Ⅱ　Learning about Language

课前新知预习 1 课堂达标验收 3 课堂要点探究 2 课后强化作业 4

课前新知预习

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．________(n.)候选人；候补者 2．________(n.)平房；小屋 3．________(n.)台风 4．____________(n.)雷暴 5．________(adj.)贵重的；珍贵的→________(adv.)昂贵地；仔细地 6．________(n.)小说家→________(n.)小说， 长篇故事 7．________(n.)雾 8．________(n.)文件；证件 candidate bungalow typhoon thunderstorm precious preciously novelist novel fog document

9．________(n.)彩虹 10．________________(adj.)不舒服的；不舒适的→________________(反义词) 11．________(n.)阳台 12．______________(adj.)失去知觉的；未察觉的→______________(反义词) 13．________(vt.)射中；射伤→________(n.)射击；枪炮声 rainbow uncomfortable comfortable balcony unconscious conscious shoot shot

Ⅱ.短语互译 1．be unconscious of ______________ 2．shoot at ______________ 3．find out ____________________ 未意识到…… 朝……射击 查明，弄明白，搞清楚

Ⅲ.用所给动词的适当形式填空 1．We don't allow ________(smoke) here. Especially we don't allow students ________(smoke) here. 2．The window is dirty and wants ________(clean)． 3．________(give) her opinion about the new building，she left the meeting. 4．________(criticize) by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. 5．The gentleman ________(stand) over there is our principal. 答案：1.smoking; to smoke　2.cleaning/to be cleaned　3.Having given　4.Having been criticized　5.standing

课堂要点探究

1.precious adj.贵重的；珍贵的 ①The peacock is a precious bird in the sub­tropical zone. 孔雀是亚热带的珍禽。 ②Don't waste precious time talking to him. He's not worth it. 别浪费宝贵的时间跟他交谈，他不值得。

知识拓展 (1)preciously adv.昂贵的 preciousness n．珍贵 (2)同义词：expensive adj.昂贵的

precious, valuable & priceless 比较网站 precious, valuable & priceless precious 指价钱或价值很高的、值钱的。 valuable “宝贵的，贵重的，值钱的”，常用于指交换价值或使用价值，有时指某物因稀有而具有相当高的价值。 priceless 指具有不可估量的价值、无价的。

①Clean water is precious in that part of the world. 在世界的那个地方，洁净的水是宝贵的东西。 ②He made many valuable discoveries in science. 他有很多有价值的科学发现。 ③Human life is priceless. 人的生命是无价的。

活学活用 汉译英 黄金实际上并不是世界上最珍贵的金属。 ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 答案：Gold actually is not the most precious metal in the world.

2．unconscious adj.失去知觉的；未察觉的；无意识的 ①He injured his head and was unconscious for one hour. 他伤着了头部，一个小时没有知觉。 ②That is an unconscious need to be loved. 那是一种无意识的对爱的需求。

知识拓展 (1)be unconscious of sb./sth.未察觉……；未意识到…… (2)conscious adj.意识到的；觉察到的 ①She may become conscious before morning. 她天亮前可能恢复知觉。 ②I suddenly became conscious that someone was looking at me. 我突然意识到有人在看着我。

活学活用 用恰当词语填空 (1)________(conscious) that the bridge was in danger, the visitors were still driving on it. (2)He was unconscious ________ the effect he had on the whole class. 答案：(1)Unconscious　(2)of

3．uncomfortable adj.不舒服的；不舒适的；不自在的 ①I feel uncomfortable after I have eaten too much. 我吃得太多了，感到不舒服。 ②I couldn't sleep well because the bed is uncomfortable. 因为床不舒服，我没睡好。 ③There was an uncomfortable silence. 有一种令人不安的寂静。

知识拓展 comfortable adj.舒适的；舒服的 comfort v．安慰；抚慰；宽慰 uncomfortably adv.不舒适地；不舒服地

活学活用 用comfort的适当形式填空 (1)________ though he felt, he made his way to the school by himself. (2)I feel it so ________ to live in such a good house. (3)I was feeling ________ hot. (4)The news that our team has won the match ________ us. 答案：(1)Uncomfortable　(2)comfortable　(3)uncomfortably　(4)comforts

4．shoot v．射击；射中 ①A man was shot in the leg. 一个人被射伤了腿部。 ②He shot at the bird, but missed it. 他对着鸟开枪，但没射中。

知识拓展 (1)shoot at向……射击 shoot out抛出；射出；猛地伸出；抽出 shoot up射出；喷出；迅速成长；急升 (2)shot n．[C]射击；枪炮声 ①Someone took a shot at the wolf. 有人朝那匹狼开枪。 ②We heard some shots in the distance. 我们听见远处有几声枪响。 ③The striker had/took a shot at goal. 前锋射门。

比较网站 shoot与shoot at shoot 表示“射中或射死某人/某物”，强调射击的结果。 shoot at 意为“朝着或对准某人/某物射击”，只强调射击的动作，不强调射击的结果。

①He fired and shoot the enemy. 他开了枪并且射中了敌人。 ②The new soldier shot at the target, but missed it again. 新兵瞄准靶子射击，但又没有射中。

图解助记

活学活用 (1)The fox ran away before the hunter ________ it. (2)The hunter ________ ________ the bear but didn't ________ it. 答案：(1)shot　(2)shot at; shoot

1.The eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD took the people of Pompeii by surprise. 公元79年维苏威火山的爆发令庞培城的人们大吃一惊。 句中take... by surprise的意思是“使……吃惊”，另外还可作“突然袭击……”解。如： ①The heavy rain took us all by surprise. 这场大雨使我们大家猝不及防。 ②We were taken by surprise while sleeping. 我们在睡梦中遭到突袭。

知识拓展 (1)in/with surprise 吃惊地 He opened his eyes wide in surprise. 他吃惊地睁大了眼睛。 (2)to one's surprise＝to the surprise of sb. 使某人吃惊的是 Much to my surprise, she failed in the examination. 使我非常吃惊的是，她考试没及格。

活学活用 由于受到突袭，这个城镇被人民解放军占领了。 ________ ________ ________， the town was seized by PLA men. 答案：Taken by surprise

2．I rushed downstairs only to see my hostess lying unconscious on the floor, surrounded by her guests. 我冲到楼下，却意外地发现我的女主人不省人事地躺在地板上，她的客人们围着她。 only to see...为动词不定式，在句中作结果状语；lying unconscious是现在分词作see的宾语补足语；surrounded by her guests为过去分词作伴随状语。

①I walked all the way from home to the library, only to find it closed. 我从家里一路走到图书馆，不料已经关门了。 ②He saw her reading in the classroom. 他看见她正在教室里读书。 ③They found themselves surrounded by friends. 他们发现自己被朋友围了起来。 ④The teacher came into the lab, followed by some students. 老师进了实验室，随后跟着几个学生。

比较网站 only to do/only doing only后接动词不定式和现在分词都被用作结果状语。 only to do 意为“不料(却)……，结果(却)……”，表示一个没有料到的结果。 only doing 意为“结果就……”，表示一个意料之中的结果。

图解助记

He hurried to the station only to find that the train had left. 他急忙赶到车站，却发现火车已经开走了。 He died, only leaving nothing but debts. 他死了，结果只留下了一身债务。

活学活用 补全句子 (1)(真题改编·四川)汤姆乘出租车到了机场，发现他要乘坐的飞机已高在天空。 Tom took a taxi to the airport, only ________ ________ his plane high up in the sky. (2)盘子从他手中掉下来，结果摔成了碎片。 He dropped the plate, ________ ________ it into pieces. 答案：(1)to find　(2)only breaking

动词­ing形式 一、v.­ing形式的定义与分类 动词的­ing形式是一种非谓语动词。它仍保有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成短语。 动词的­ing形式包括动名词与现在分词，也可统称为v.­ing形式。动名词在句中用作主语，宾语，表语，定语；而现在分词在句中用作表语、定语、状语与宾语补足语。

二、动名词的基本用法 1．动名词作主语 动名词可用作句子的主语。动名词在句中的位置通常有两种，一种位于句首，另一种是用it作形式主语，而将动名词短语移至句末。 It's no good sending him over. 派他去没用。 Smoking does harm to your health. 吸烟对你的健康有害。

2．动名词作宾语 动名词可用作某些动词、动词短语及介词的宾语。 Your shoes need repairing. 你的鞋该补了。 The boy admitted stealing the money. 这个孩子承认偷了这笔钱。

(1)常用动名词作宾语的动词及动词短语，我们可以用口诀归纳如下： 考虑建议盼原谅(consider，suggest/advise，look forward to，excuse/pardon) 承认推迟没得想(admit，delay/put off，fancy) 避免错过继续练(avoid，miss，keep/keep on，practise) 否认完成停能赏(deny，finish，quit，enjoy/appreciate) 不禁介意准逃亡(can't help，mind，allow/permit，escape) 不准冒险凭想像(forbid，risk，imagine)

(2)need，want，require，be worth＋doing表示被动意义 The house need repairing. 房子需修理了。 The Great Wall is worth visiting. 长城值得参观。 3．动名词作表语 Her job is cleaning the window. 她的工作是擦窗子。 4．动名词作定语(表用途) There is some drinking water here. 这儿有一些饮用水。

三、现在分词 现在分词可在句中作表语、定语、状语与补足语，本单元只讲现在分词作状语。 现在分词/动词­ing形式作状语时，表示的动作或状态与谓语动词表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎是同时发生的，或是先于谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生，它的逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。动词­ing形式作状语常表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随、让步、结果等，多用逗号同句子其他成分隔开。并且可以转换成相应的状语从句或并列句。

1．现在分词(v.­ing)的基本形式 动词 形式 意义 以do 为例 一般式 doing 主动式 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。 被动式 being done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且与谓语动作同时发生，或基本上同时发生。

与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生。 动词 形式 意义 以do 为例 完成式 having done 主动式having 与句子主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，先于谓语动作发生。 被动式 been done 与句子主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且先于谓语动作发生。

Hearing the news, they immediately set off. 听到这个消息，他们立即出发了。 Having written a letter, I listened to music for a while. 写完信后，我听了一会儿音乐。 Having been held back by the traffic jam, she couldn't get there on time. 她被交通阻塞耽搁了，无法准时到达那里。

2．现在分词作状语的基本用法 (1)作时间状语。强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时，动词­ing形式之前可用连词while或when等。如 Walking in the park, she saw an old friend. ＝ When she was walking in the park, she saw an old friend. 在公园散步时，她看到一个老朋友。 While playing the piano, she got very excited. ＝ While she was playing the piano, she got very excited. 弹钢琴时(过程中)，她变得十分激动。

Having finished their homework, they all went out to play Having finished their homework, they all went out to play. ＝ After they had finished their homework, they all went out to play. 完成作业后，他们都出去玩了。 (2)作原因状语。相当于原因状语从句。如： Not recognizing the voice, he refused to give the person his address. ＝ As he didn't recognize the voice，he refused to give the person his address. 因为没听出那个人是谁，他拒绝把自己的地址给他。 Being so angry，he couldn't go to sleep. ＝As he was so angry，he couldn't go to sleep. 因为太生气了，他睡不着。

(3)作让步状语。相当于一个让步状语从句。有时动词­ing形式前可带有连词although，even if，even though等。如： Although working hard from morning till night, he didn't get enough food. ＝ Although he worked from morning till night，he didn't get enough food. 虽然他从早到晚拼命干，但挣的还是不够吃。 Having been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. ＝ Though he had been told many times, he still repeated the same mistake. 尽管被告知许多次了，他仍然犯同样的错误。

(4)作结果状语。作结果状语时，通常放在句末，用逗号与前面的部分隔开；有时为了突出结果，其前可带thus。如： She was so angry that she threw the plates on the floor, breaking them into pieces. 她是如此生气以致于把盘子扔在地上，摔得粉碎。 The bus was held up by the snowstorm, thus causing the delay. 公共汽车被风雪所阻，因而耽搁了。

(5)作条件状语。作条件状语时，相当于if引导的条件状语从句。如： Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood. 如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。

(6)表示方式或伴随情况。这种用法可以用并列复合句或两个简单句代替。如： They came into the classroom singing and laughing.＝They sang and laughed，and came into the classroom. 他们又唱又笑地走进了教室。 He stood leaning against the wall.＝He stood and leaned against the wall. 他靠墙站着。

3．现在分词作状语的注意事项 (1)主语一致 现在分词作状语时，分词的逻辑主语要与句子的主语保持一致，否则就要在分词前加上其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构。 Mary coming back, they discussed that together. 玛丽回来后，他们一起讨论了那件事。 Weather permitting, we shall go there on foot. 天气允许的话，我们就步行去那儿。

温馨提示 分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，但不构成语法错误的常见分词(短语)：副词(frankly/generally...)＋speaking, judging from, talking of, considering等。

(2)否定形式 现在分词的否定形式是“not＋现在分词”。 Not knowing how to do it，he had to ask for help. 因为不知道该怎样做，他不得不寻求帮助。 Not having received any reply，he decided to write another letter. 由于没收到任何答复，他决定再写一封信。

高考链接 1．(2014·北京·25)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ________. A．Recognizing B．being recognized C．having recognized D．having been recognized 答案：B　 考查动名词的用法。recognize“认出”，为及物动词，且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式，而D项表示发生在主句谓语之前的动作，不符合句子语境。句意为：那位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了。

2．(2014·江苏·29)The lecture ________， a lively question ­and­answer session followed. A．being given B．having given C．to be given D．having been given 答案：D　考查非谓语动词。a lively question­and­answer session followed紧跟着是一个问答环节，是句子主干，所以逗号前面部分是要用非谓语动词作状语，the lecture与give之间是被动关系，又give动作发生在follow动作之前，所以要用having been done形式作状语，即表示别动，又强调完成，故选D项。而being given表示被动，动作正在进行，与下文的紧跟一个问答环节矛盾。

3．(2014·江西·31)________ nearly all our money, we couldn't afford to stay at a hotel. A．Having spent B．To spend C．Spent D．To have spent 答案：A　考查非谓语动词作状语。题意：花光了我们差不多所有的钱，我们住不起旅馆了。动词spend与主语we之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，又动作spent发生在主句动作couldn't afford之前，所以用having done形式作状语，表示主动，强调完成，故选A项。To spent不定式作状语表示目的，spent过去分词作状语表示与主语之间是被动关系，皆不合题意。

4．(2013·湖南·25)The sun began to rise in the sky, ________ the mountain in golden light. A．bathed B．bathing C．to have bathed D．have bathed 答案：B　考查现在分词短语做伴随状语。题意：太阳从东方升起，整个山沐浴在霞光里。太阳升起时，bathe the mountain in golden light这一动作伴随发生，the sun与bathe之间为主动关系，且句子两部分之间没有连词，所填内容为非谓语，故用现在分词短语做伴随状语。

5．(2013·山东·33)________ at the cafeteria before, Tina didn't want to eat there again. A．Having eaten B．To eat C．Eat D．Eating 答案：A　本题考查非谓语动词。题意：Tina以前去过这家餐厅，她不想再到那儿吃饭。此处是非谓语动词作状语，根据关键词before可知，此处表示以前的动作，而且与句子的主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词的完成时态。

每空填一词，使该句与所给句子的意思相同。 1．After the scientists had studied the information, they predicted that the lava would flow through the village. ________ ________ ________ ________， the scientists predicted that the lava would flow through the village. 2．Because I had experienced a few earthquakes before，I wasn't frightened. ________ ________ a few earthquakes before，I wasn't frightened.

3．As I had never seen a volcano erupting before, I was very excited. 4．Because I had spent all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day. ________ ________ all night watching the game, I was very tired the next day.

5．As I came out of my house，I saw my father planting trees in the garden. 答案：1.Having studied the information　2.Having experienced　3.Never having seen　4.Having spent　5.Coming out of

课堂达标验收

Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．Her daughter is the most ________(宝贵的) person to her in the world. 2．The foreign ministers of the two countries signed the ________(文件) yesterday. 3．She still finds it ________(不舒服的) to stand without support.

4．They found him lying ________(失去知觉的) on the floor. 5．There were a large number of ________(候选人) for the job. 答案：1.precious　2.document　3.uncomfortable　4.unconscious　5.candidates

Ⅱ.用现在分词把下列句子转换成简单句 1．The train was caught in heavy snow，which caused the delay. →________________________________________________ 2．If you work hard，you'll pass the exam. 3．Though I admit what she had said，I don't think that she has tried her best. →______________________________，I don't think that she has tried her best.

4．Because they had been warned by their parents, they didn't dare to go out at night. →________________________________________________ 5．After she had finished her homework, the little girl went to bed. 6．As I don't know much Japanese，I am afraid I can't express myself clearly.

答案：1.The train was caught in heavy snow，thus causing the delay. 2．Working hard，you'll pass the exam. 3．Admitting what she had said 4．Having been warned by their parents, they didn't dare to go out at night. 5．Having finished her homework, the little girl went to bed. 6．Not knowing much Japanese, I am afraid I can't express myself clearly.

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