Transparency International: Achieving Good Governance 透明国际：打击腐败，促进良治 Transparency International: Achieving Good Governance 曼佐 哈桑 (Manzoor Hasan) 亚太部执行长 Regional Director of Asia-Pacific Department 29-30 November 2003 www.transparency.org

什么是腐败？What is corruption? 腐败就是滥用公权谋取私利 Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power for private gain

腐败的危害 Cost of Corruption... 制约社会及经济发展Retards social and economic development 使千百万人民陷进贫困Traps millions of people in poverty and misery 破坏民主与法制Undermines democracy and the rule of law 损害私营部门的管治及其商业道德Jeopardises sound governance and ethics in the private sector 诱发社会、经济及政治动乱Breeds social, economic and political crises 危及国内及国际安全Threatens domestic and international security 扭曲国内和国际贸易的发展Distorts national and international trade 破坏天然资源的持续开采利用Threatens the sustainability of natural resources

透明国际的追求 TI’ s vision 透明国际希望建设一个政治清明、廉洁法治、竞争 公平、诚信高效、人民能安居乐业的美好世界 TI’s vision is a world in which government, politics, business, civil society and the daily lives of people are free of corruption

We work to create change towards a world free of corruption 透明国际的使命 TI’s mission 我们脚踏实地，努力推动变革， 旨在创造一个消除腐败的社会 We work to create change towards a world free of corruption

透明国际反腐败的策略 TI’s approach 透明国际致力于从源头治理腐败 TI fights corruption at its roots 透明国际致力于诊断和分析制度性腐败根源TI analyses and diagnoses systemic corruption 透明国际不卷入个案调查 TI does not undertake individual case investigation 透明国际保持政治中立 TI is politically non-partisan 透明国际立足于基层，同时汇聚着一批国际专家 TI combines local rootedness with international expertise 透明国际致力于建立反腐统一战线 TI develops coalitions and builds bridges with different stakeholders 廉政建设INTEGRITY NATIONAL DIMENSION 政府及公共机构Government & Public Sector 民间社会 Civil Society 私营机构 Private Sector INTERNATIONAL

透明国际推动反腐败斗争的工具TI Tools 透明国际《世界各国反腐败经验汇编》 TI Tool Kit 反腐败研究及资讯在线Corruption On-line Research and Information System 《全球反腐败年度报告》 Global Corruption Report 为专业部门提供咨商Sector Specific Advice “从商指南”Business Principles “廉洁公约”Integrity Pacts 透明国际清廉指数TI Indices 受贿指数Corruption Perceptions Index 行贿指数Bribe Payers’ Index 全球腐败趋势预测Global Corruption Barometer

国家廉政体系示意图The Concept of a National Integrity System 可持续发展SUSTAIN- ABLE DEVELOP- MENT 法制 RULE OF LAW 生活品质QUALITY OF LIFE 国家廉政体系构成 N A T I O N A L I N T E G R I T Y 大众传媒MEDIA 公民社会CIVIL SOCIETY 私营机构PRIVATE SECTOR 国际组织INTERNATIONAL ACTORS 立法LEGISLATURE 行政EXECUTIVE 司法JUDICIARY 审计AUDITOR GENERAL 监察专员OMBUDSMAN 肃贪机构WATCHDOG AGENCIES 公共服务PUBLIC SERVICE 公众意识P U B L I C A W A R E N E S S 社会价值S O C I E T Y’ S V A L U E S

The Concept of a National Integrity System PRIVATE S O C I E T Y’ S V A L U E S P U B L I C A W A R E N E S S QUALITY LIFE OF RULE LAW AUDITOR GENERAL OMBUDSMAN WATCHDOG AGENCIES PUBLIC SERVICE LEGISLATURE EXECUTIVE JUDICIARY N A T I O N A L I N T E G R I T Y CIVIL SECTOR SOCIETY INTERNATION L ACTORS MEDIA SUSTAIN-ABLE DEVELOP-MENT

过去十年，透明国际取得如下成就： In the last 10 years, TI has… 把腐败议题提到国际社会议事日程上来Put corruption on the international agenda 在90个国家或地区建立分会—在中国，跟中国行政监察 学会及清华大学国情研究中心/廉政研究中心建立了联 系/湖南大学廉政学院Developed a network of National Chapters in about 90 countries – contact with CSAS 建立反腐败统一战线和联盟，推动反腐败变革Built coalitions and alliances to advocate change 传播反腐败资讯，开发反腐败资源，研制反腐败工具 Generated a wealth of information, resources, products and tools 展示反腐败方法Demonstrated ways to curtail corruption 成为反腐败领域领先群伦的组织Been recognised as the leading NGO in fighting corruption

透明国际在全球推动反腐败斗争重点 Key Global Priorities 政治腐败Political corruption (如政党腐败及贿选 political party and campaign financing) 政府采购Public contracting 确立私营机构的清廉标准Anti-corruption standards in the private sector (从商指南 Business Principles，廉洁公约Integrity Pact) 建立国际规范International institutions and instruments (建立、推广与实施各种国际公约 development, implementation and enforcement of conventions) NO CORRUPTION

其他相关领域Additional Areas of Interest 资讯公开Access to information 反洗钱及要求返还被转移藏匿至外国的国家资 产Money-laundering and recovery of stolen assets 推广反腐败教育及道德教育Anti-corruption education / ethics 监督民间组织Accountability of civil society organisations 发展援助及腐败Corruption and development cooperation 司法改革、反腐败法律制定及其实施Judicial reform / anti-corruption laws and enforcement 推动军售、建筑业、银行业等部门的反腐败斗 争Specific industries (arms, construction, banking, extractives) and areas of concern (e.g. environmental)

最易滋生腐败的行业Sectors most prone to bribery Source: TI Bribe Payers Index 2002

行贿指数Bribe Payers’ Index 这个普查，调查全球21个最大出口国家 公司在海外行贿状况This survey ranks 21 leading countries in terms of the degree to which their corporations are perceived to be paying bribes abroad. 行贿指数有透明国际委托盖洛普公司在 15个新兴市场国家进行The BPI is undertaken for TI by Gallup International (GIA) in 15 leading emerging and transition market economies. 普查表明，许多出口大国的公司利用行 贿手段来接获订单It shows that companies from many leading exporting nations are widely seen as using bribes to win business.

透明国际在全球的发展 The TI Movement (as of November 2003) Legend: or Established National Chapters National Chapters in Formation National Contacts

透明国际组织管理结构示意图 Tl’s Structure 年度代表大会Annual General Meeting 理事会Board of Directors 各国分会National Chapters 国际秘书处International Secretariat 顾问委员会Advisory Council elect members accredits 支持supports) elects reports to supports employs 建议advises 任命appoints

总收入62313810元人民币Total Income in EUR 6,311m 透明国际资金来源Statement of Income in EUR (for the year ended December 31, 2002) 总收入62313810元人民币Total Income in EUR 6,311m

各国反腐败经验介绍Experience from Chapters & Contacts 南韩South Korea 香港廉政公署ICAC – Hong Kong 新加坡反贪局CPIB – Singapore 印度India 孟加拉国Bangladesh

透明国际南韩分会TI South Korea 反贪教育Anti-Corruption Education 青年组织网络Youth networks 制定学校教育School curricula development 教师培训Teacher education 制定商业诚信守则Business Ethics 私营企业评比Private sector surveys 雇员培训Employee education 公共机构监督Public Administration Monitoring 与政府部会对话交流Dialogue, committee participation “21世纪清廉韩国”行动计划Clean Korea 21 反贪交流大会Anti-corruption fair

香港廉政公署ICAC – Hong Kong 惩治、预防、教育三管齐下治理腐败 a three-pronged approach of investigation, prevention and education. 调查处：有效打击——查处率在79%以上 反贪处：在公营部门制定新措施、程序及立法时提供防贪建议， 并向私营机构提供咨询 社区关系处：推行公务员廉洁守正计划，为不同行业及学校提供培训

新加坡反贪局Corruption Practice Investigation Bureau - Singapore 接受贪腐举报投诉，独立开展调查 to receive and investigate complaints alleging corrupt practice 调查公务员贪渎枉职玩忽职守行为 to investigate malpractices and misconduct by public officers with an undertone of corruption; 审议公营部门各种规章制度及办案程序，以减少腐败发生机会 to prevent corruption by examining the practices and procedures in the public service to minimise opportunities for corrupt practices.

透明国际印度分会TI - India 推动反腐立法Advocacy of anti-corruption legislation 推动设立廉政专员Appointment of Lok Pal (Federal Ombudsman) 要求副部长级以上人士及国会议员申报个人财产 Declaration of assets by Ministers and MP‘s 市政府各部门清廉成都评比]Local Area Development Scheme 协助德里市政府制定“为民服务章程”Government of Delhi Citizens Charter 在试点学校里推广伦理道德教育及举办反腐作文竞赛 Moral and Ethical Education and essay competition on anti-corruption

透明国际孟加拉分会TI - Bangladesh 在全国范围内推动一个“制约腐败，提高公务员清廉素质 ”项目 “Combating Corruption through Promoting Integrity in Public Service Delivery System” 该项目包括以下四个部分： 走访反贪局及审计长办公室，撰写报告Fact Finding Exercises (FFEs), 公民委员会Committees of Concerned Citizens (CCCs), 信息及咨询中心Advice and Information Centers (AICs), and 国家廉政建设工作会议National Integrity Workshops (NIWs).

透明国际中国合作伙伴开展的工作 TI Contacts in China Promoting Transparency and Improving Efficiency in the Government 推动监察部参与经合组织公约与亚洲开发银行“亚洲反腐败行动计划” 协助行政监察学会研究经合组织公约Drafting an Anti-Corruption Law; 协助清华大学廉政研究中心制定“市民评价公务员服务”规划 A Report Card Study on Citizen’s Evaluation of Public Service; Transparency in Public Procurement 清华大学廉政研究中心同北京奥委会合作，促进廉洁奥运 Working with the Olympic Game Committee 清华大学廉政研究中心同建设部合作推动工程担保保证立法 with the Construction Ministry for a Bonding Surety Law; Education and Public Awareness Raising 湖南大学成立廉政学院 An Anti-Corruption School is established in Hunan University with undergraduate and post-graduates

参与国际合作，共同打击腐败 International Cooperation 《美洲国家反腐败公约》 American Convention against Corruption， 1996 《经济发展合作组织反对在国际商业交易中贿赂外国公职人员公约》 OECD Convention against the Bribing of Foreign Public Officials in International Transactions， 1999 《 非洲联盟预防与打击腐败公约》 Africa Union Convention on Preventing and Combating Corruption， 2002 《亚洲开发银行与经济发展合作组织反腐败行动计划》 ADB/OECD Action Plan 《联合国反腐败公约》 UN Convention Against Corruption， 2003

中国的反腐败运动 China’s crucial role 领导人显示了坚定的反腐败决心，采取了有效对策 Strong Political Will 中国在反腐败斗争中有许多创新： 建筑有形市场，《行政许可法》 Developing new tools 动员群众参与 Massive Participation 加强国际合作，互相取长补短 Share experience