09年高考英语（I、II卷）备考讲座 《21st Century》（中学生版）、《English Salon》（阅读、实战、初级三版）顾问 北京 良乡中学 蒋英

第一部分 以新课标为纲，领会高考走向 情感态度 动自合祖国 机信作国际 兴意精意视 趣志神识野 文化理解 资源策略 文化知识 交际策略 第一部分 以新课标为纲，领会高考走向 影响学生学习和发展的 得体运用语言的保障 重要因素 提高学习 效率，发 展自主学 习能力的 先决条件 综合语言运用能力 的基础 动自合祖国 机信作国际 兴意精意视 趣志神识野 文化理解 文化知识 跨文化交际 意识和能力 资源策略 交际策略 调控策略 认知策略 情感态度 学习策略 文化意识 综合语言 运用能力 听 说 读 写 语言技能 语言知识 语词语功话 音汇法能题

具体指： 1.词汇3500个，其中名词2093个，动词818个，(其 中包括兼类词若干)，习惯用语及固定搭配400--- 500个（均指8级要求）；语法：总共24项,尤以 动词时态，非谓语动词，动词短语，从句，冠 词，代词等为复习重点。 2.要学会运用的话题有24项，举例说明： ·个人情况（Personal information） ·周围环境（Personal environments） ·日常活动（Daily routines） ·热点话题（ Topical issues ） ·文学艺术（Literature and art）

·家庭朋友与周围的人 ( Family, friends and people around ) ·科普知识与现代技术 ( Popular science and modern technology ) 3. 要掌握的功能意念有11项，举例说明： ·社交（Social Communication）：包 括“问候、 介绍、告别、感谢”等。 ·态度（Attitudes）：包括“同意和不同意、喜欢 和不喜欢、希望和愿望”等。 ·情感（Emotions）：包括 “ 高兴、惊奇、忧虑” 等。

4.语法新增的是： ·虚拟语气（The Subjunctive Mood）：掌 握 基 本用法。 ·动词时态（Verb Tenses）：除了八个基本的时 态外，另加“将来进行时、现在完成进行时”。 ·被动语态（Passive Voices）：十个时态及带情 态动词的被动态。 ·构词法（Word-formation）： 合成、派生、转 化、缩写和简写。 ·语音项目（Phonetic items）掌握主要英语国家 的语音差异及语调、重音、节奏等的运用。

新课标（八级）对后三项的要求是： •充分调动学生英语学习的积极性 •调整好学习英语的策略 •在阅读中了解体会英语国家的历史、地 理、风土人情、传统习俗、生 活方式、 文学艺术、行为规范和价值观念等。

第二部分 以教材为主线，融入考纲精神 1.系统且精当复习现行教材，根据考纲，适当扩展 *本学期：高一至高三共58个单元，每周6节，4节 讲高三课教材，两节复习前四册。 本学期结束时，争取58个单元全过一遍。 *下学期：综合复习（参见“第三部分”） *穿插复习前四册的方法： 。举例说明： SEFCS（2B）Unit 20 Archaeology (考古学) 提纲挈领，难重点突出，注意运用

(1) 归纳重点单词和短语： A. 单词： 装潢/装饰，矛/梭镖，皇帝，差别/对比，坐垫/ 垫石，近乎/接近，平均的，遥远的/偏僻的，陪 伴/陪同，三角形，备用的/额外的/省出/抽出… B. 短语： tend to，in terms of，in the eye of，lend sb. a hand，serve as，dig up，date back to, give sb. an idea of，a variety of，pull up, trade…for / trade in … for，accompany sb. to (keep sb. company to), come for，call in , a flow chart，What is/was called…,have a /no knowledge of (= know /not know)…

(2) 归纳语法：全篇均用“情动+have done”表推测, 例如： · There was a bone pin that may have been from a piece of clothing such as a leather coat. · That would have made him a man of distinction. · He may have had a hand in planning the monument, or in helping transport and pull up the stones. (3) 归纳词汇并扩展：

· 前一页第三句中有一短语 pull up（竖起）可扩展 其含义：使停止，拔掉，制止，责备等。联系学 过的 pull 短语的含义：pull on（用拉的方式）穿 上，戴上；pull off 脱掉； pull out 拔出；pull down 拆毁；pull through 度过难关， 摆脱。 ·第三句中还有一短语 have a hand in… 和…有关, 干预，负责 = take a hand in…/ participate in… / be partly responsible for… ·重要的短语：in terms of = in sth’s terms / with regard to / regarding ；tend to…等。

(4) 难句分析及翻译： At first it was thought that the skills to make copper and bronze objects spread to Britain was through war and armed conflict, but it is now believed to have happened through trade and cultural links.（倒数第一段6句） 该句可改为：Now it is believed that the skills to make copper and bronze objects spread to Britain was through trade and cultural links instead of war and armed conflict. (5) 口头总结该文的general idea，以利于思维。

2.以历年高考题为依据，延伸扩展。 强调句型： 1) It wasn’t until the twentieth century that modern poetry was really developed. (2A Unit 4) It wasn’t until nearly a month later ___I received the manager’s reply. (05全国I卷) A. Since B. when C. as D. that 分词扩展为定语从句： 2) Cells either divide too fast or at the wrong time, making it difficult for the body to function properly. ( 2A Unite 7)

European football is played in 80 countries, ___ it the most popular sport in the world. (98) A. making B. makes C. made D. to make It习惯用法： 3) I hate it when someone calls me up in the middle of the night. ( 1B Unit 15) I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (06山东24题) A. that B. it C. this D. you

3. 强调背诵写作中要用到的新鲜词语及典型句子 例如：下载：download ； 简单地说： to put it simply； 照着/仿照：after…； 可以肯定的是： What is certain is…； 一股风： a puff of wind； 工作狂 workaholic； 帮大忙： do a lot of good ； 与…和谐相处 ： in harmony with…； 消灭死亡和痛苦： put an end to death and suffering ； 有大成效： make a big difference； 使生活过得充实：to live life to the fullest ； Imagination is more important than knowledge. --- Albert Einstein ( 2A unit 1 )

第三部分 认真研读高考试题, 尤其是近五年来的试题, 总结规律, 预见未来. 1. 听力：系统听2001年以来的全国高考听力试题 2001年全国普高听力部分原文： 第10段：（注意“停顿、连读、意群等听力技巧） What happened to me that day is just unbe- lievable. The first thing to go wrong was that all the parking spaces were taken....By the time it was my turn, two of the courses I need- ed were filled and I had to go back to my advi- ser and make out a whole new timetable.

2002年全国普高听力部分原文： 第5段：（注意听对话的核心词语，分析背景） W: How many nights do you plan to stay with us? M: Three. I'll be checking out on Friday morning. Question: When is the man checking in? A. Friday B. Thursday C. Tuesday 第6段：（注意对话中的习语含义）

M: How come David is always so full of energy? W: He has a strange but highly effective way of sleeping. Question: How does the man feel about David’s way of sleeping? best A. It's effective. B. It's strange C. It's the

2003年北京听力原文（第10段）(训练中速阅读) W: ...I understand how you feel, sir, but there simply isn't any room. The person who took your booking must have forgotten to write it down. I'm afraid it was just a mistake. He's new, you see. M: Just a mistake! Do you realize I've invited some very important...

焦点：强化提高听的能力。 ∎根据2000年英语教学大纲（修订版）的要求，听 力语速为100—110 / wpm。 ∎根据《新课标》的精神，没 有 规定 语速，但有目 标描述：根据语音、语调 了解和表达隐含的意图和 态度；根据语音 辨别和书写不太熟悉的单词或简单 的 语句 ( 8 级 要求) 。与各国人士交谈时或听不同 国家人士讲英语的录音时，能克服不同口音带来的 困难，听懂大意（9级要求）。 ∎掌握听的技巧：正确的意群、连读、失去爆破； 抓住听力中的关键词语。每天坚持听 10 分钟，可 听课本录音，不一定都是考题。

2. 词汇记忆：学会归纳、整理、组合等。例如： A. 词根扩展法 class classic classical classify classification 例如： A. He always travels first-class on the plane. B. This is a classic novelist. C. I like English classical literature. D. Attempt had been made by others to classify plant species into groups, but… (3B U4) E. Aspirin belongs to the classification of non- prescription drugs. 对比：process

B. 拆分法 privilege private legal （特权/特别待遇） （私有的） （法律上） E.g. Born into a life of privilege, Joseph Banks was the son of a wealthy family. ( 3B U4 ) extraordinary extra ordinary (特别/不平常/惊人) (额外/超出) (平常) E.g. The extraordinary thing is, my feelings are more special when I sing my favorite songs in English. (2A U4 )

C. 联想法 stand out outstanding (突出/显眼) (突出的/杰出的) Professional footballers have to be very, very good, and to play for a leading club they must be outstanding. (3B U16) go out outgoing easygoing ( 走出 ) (外向的/爽直的) (温和宽容的) My wife is easygoing, so she has many friends in the neighborhood. (3B U8)

D. 类比法 transport transform translate 运输/运送 转变/改观 翻译 Transparent transportation translation 透明/明显的 运输 翻译/调动 He built a transparent wall through which he could observe what went on inside. (SECSB U14) 他做了一个透明的墙，透过墙他可以观察到 (蜜蜂) 在里面的活动情况。

E.对比法 Senior 年长/高等的 junior 年幼/低等的 Maximum 最大量/值 minimum 最小量/最低限度 Major/majority较多/大多/数minor/minority较少/ 较小/少数 They also found out that bees fly a maximum distance of 3.2 kilometers between their hive and a feeding place. ( SECSB 3 Unit 14 ) F.完整记忆词汇 The final score of the basketball match was 93-94. We were only ___ beaten. (07天津14) A. Nearly B. slightly C. narrowly D. lightly

3.语法要点：抓热点、重视难点 (尤其中等难度试 题 )、注意情景中运用。例如： A. 定语从句 (The Restrictive Attributive Clause and Non-restrictive Attributive Clause ) 1) In the dark street, there wasn't a single person ___ she could turn for help. ( 92 ) A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom 2) I have many friends, ______ some are business- men. ( 05全国I ) A. of them B. from which C. who of D. of whom

关系词whose和which作定语的区别： ☆ I often get up at 6, at which time it is still very dark in winter. ☆ He visited America and Canada, in which countries he had a good time. ☆ Chaplin went to the States in 1910, by which time he had learnt to dance and act in comedies. ☆ We told her to see a doctor, which advice she took. ( = She took the advice that we told her to see a doctor.)

☆ The exact details of Thu’s journey vary according to which newspaper you read. Some say he traveled to 33 countries in 84 days, others say it was 28 countries in 77 days. 规律：关系词which作定语，表示与被说明的先行 词等的关系是同位关系。区别介词+关系词（作 宾语）的定语从句。

认清分隔式定语从句： ☆ The Film brought the hours back to me___ I was taken good care of in that far-away village. ( 2001) A. until B. that C. when D. where 对比分隔式同位语从句： The question came up at the meeting whether we had enough money for our research.

Eric received training in computer for one year, Which表内容： Eric received training in computer for one year, ____ he found a job in a big company. (07辽宁) A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 请留意下面两句： 1) Most of the audience wondered what idea a man who’s deaf from birth can have ( ) music. 2) I’m anxious about what note he took in the back of his diary ( / ) things to mend or replace. of in / which / to of from / to / onto

高考不准确的定语从句： There was ___ time ____ I hated to go to school. A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when ( 04 湖北 23题 ) 该题 A 也对，请看下题： There was a time that all scientists were willing to share their results. (也可用 when ) This is a last time that I’ll give you a lesson. ( that 可省，但不能用 when 替代 )

省略关系词的情况： 除先行词在定语从句中作动词宾语或介词宾语外， 尚有如下情况要留意： 1. There are 11 other minerals (that/ which) make up the salt water of the oceans. 2. After the second world war, Australia began to transform itself into the modern country ( that/ which) it is today. ( SESCB3 Unit 3 ) 3. This was the first time（ that ）I had serious trouble with my boss.

B. 状语从句 ( The Adverbial Clause ) 1) The WTO cannot live up to its name ___it does not include a country that is home to one fifth of mankind. ( 2000 ) A. as long as B. while C. if D. even though 2) ---Have you got any idea for the summer vacation? ---I don’t mind where we go ____ there’s sun, sea and beach. ( 08 全国 I ) A. As if B. as long as C. now that D. in order that 对比上两道题 as long as区别。

3) We all know that, ___, the situation will get worse. A. not if dealt carefully with B. if not carefully dealt with C. if dealt not carefully with D. not if carefully dealt with ( 07 全国 ) 4) ---Do you have a minute? I’ve got something to tell you. ---OK, ___ you make it short. ( 08 安徽 ) A. now that B. if only C. as long as D. every time 请留意3、4句的省略现象。

5) This is a very interesting book. I’ll buy it, ____. A. how much may it cost B. No matter how it may cost C. however much it may cost D. How may it cost ( 06 陕西第20题 ) 6) ___ hungry I am, I never seem to be able to finish off this loaf of bread. (08 辽宁第28题) A. Whatever B. Whenever C. Wherever D. However 请留意 wh + ever 结构在句中的成分。(请参见后第 5页)

对比： ＊ Perhaps I'll see you in August, if I have time. ＊ I'll see you in August, when I come back. 7) Why do you want a new job___ you've get such a good one already? ( 98 ) A. that B. whose C. which D. when 8) Nancy enjoyed herself so much ___ she visited her friend in Sydney last year. ( 08 福建 ) A. that B. which C. when D. where 请留意 when 在句中的用法及语境，另有 while 作 连词用时的意思及在句中的不同含义。

状语从句中需要注意的连词有： ☆ as, when, while 表时间时的区别。 ☆ because, as, since, for 表原因时的区别。 ☆ unless,*in case ( in case of / in the case of ) , when /since , as long as, so far as / as far as; generally speaking，speaking of，talking of， judging from / by，considering，granted / granting, seeing，supposing，respecting， providing / provided, given, regarding 表条件 等时的用法。

例如： ___the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. ( 2000 春考) A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given 对比： Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 9) ____, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. ( 05 辽宁) A. General speaking B. Speaking general C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally

10)____ his wife had just recovered from a bad cold, he decided not to take her to the party. A. Considered B. Considering that C. Provided that D. Providing that 有些可用短语表示，例如：taking everything into consideration(考虑到各种因素)等。 11) Taking everything into consideration, he is an excellent singer in the party. 前述所表示的看似分词而实际相当于介词或连词的 结构，或是相当于独立的插入语，应引起注意。

♣ 留意“一…就…”的说法： As soon as, hardly… when, no sooner…than, scarcely…when; the moment /minute / second / instant; ；immediately / scarcely / secondly / directly ； on doing； ♣ “wh + ever”引起的从句： whatever, whoever, whomever, whoever, whenever, wherever, however, whichever ; 另有whether表让步要注意。 12) The lawyer seldom wears anything other than a suit ____ the season. ( 08 全国I) however A. whatever B. wherever C. whenever D.

请留意下列句子 unless 和 if …not 的异同 （ 前者 不用 unless，后者可 用 unless ） : a) I’ll feel much happier if he doesn’t come with us. b) You’ll be late unless you hurry. 尤要注意It is / was not ... until ...的三种变化形式。 13) Not until all the fish died in the river ____ how serious the pollution was. ( 05 全国 ) A. did the villagers realize B. the villagers realize C. the villagers did realize D. didn’t the villagers realize

高考中引起争议的状语从句： ____, he talk a lot about his favorite singers after class. A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may be C. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student (05重庆第27题) ( 表语提前, A, B 均对) ♣ A skilled skateboarder as I am now, I won’t try a trick that is too dangerous. ( SEFCS B3 U1 p149)

C. 动词时态 ( Verb Tenses ) 1) --- Sorry, Joe, I didn't mean to ... --- Don't call me "Joe". I'm Mr. Parker to you, and ____ you forget it ! ( 03 全国 ) A. do B. didn't C. did D. don't 感叹句除用what / how引导外，尚有多种表达方式： Would you believe it ! (这事简直叫人难以相信！) Can you imagine being in class by 8:30! Don’t you speak to me like that! ---Do you think George could write a novel? 不信”) ---George writes a novel!(回响感叹---表“惊奇、

2) --- Is there anything wrong, Bob? You look sad. --- Oh, nothing much. In fact, I __ of my friends back home. ( 07 全国II 第15题 ) A. have just thought B. was just thinking C. would just think D. will just be thinking 3) ---Your phone number again? ---I ____ quite catch it. ( 95 全国第12题 ) A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t 4) ---You haven’t said a word about my new coat, Brenda. Do you like it? --- I’m sorry, I ____ anything about it sooner. I

certainly think it’s pretty on you. (02 全国) A. wasn’t saying B. don’t say C. won’t say D. didn’t say D. 情态动词 ( Modal Verbs ) 情态动词分为主要用法和次要用法两类，主要用法 常考，但难度稍弱，次要用法出现较少，但难度较 大。08年渐转向对次要用法的考查。例如： 1) Liza ___ well not want to go on the trip --- she hates traveling. (08全国II) A. Will B. can C. must D. may 注：may well(极有可能=might/can ~), 该句属次要 用法。

A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 2) She ____ have left school, for her bike is still here. (08 天津) A. can’t B. wouldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t 请区别 must have done （表“推测”不用于否定句） 3) Peter ____ be ready difficult at times even though he’s a nice person in general. ( 08 辽宁) A. shall B. should C. can D. must (表“理论”) 4) -- There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -- It ____ a comfortable journey. ( 95 全国) A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been

情态动词表推测的程度： must will would should He ought to be a teacher. can (not ) could may might 注：对过去的推测用“情态动词+have been/done”表示

情态动词表本来能做某事而未做(含“推论”意义）： * 5) What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he ____ better. (08 江西) A. need have done B. must have done C. can have done D. might have done 6) -- I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -- Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara. ( 98 ) A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 有些实义动词也具有上面的含义。例如：

7) -- Alice, why didn't you come yesterday? ( 97 ) -- I , but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did 8) -- Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? -- I ____, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. (08 全国II) A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t ☆ I thought it was going to be fun. I also thought that I would make a lot of new friends. However, I find it hard. ( 教材SBI A L54 例句)

再如： ☆ I had thought that Mary would come by but she didn't. ☆ There was to have been a restaurant here on the street, but they refused permission at the last moment. ☆ He was arranging the meeting for this morning, but it was put off because we were busy. ☆ I meant to tell you that yesterday. 类似的实义动词可表示这样的含义如下：

＊ would / should like ( love ) to have done = would have liked to，would rather have done ＊ was / were going to do... ＊ was / were expecting / looking forward to / planning / arranging ＊ had thought / wanted / hoped / supposed / planned / meant / intended ＊ was / were to have done ＊ wanted / planned / meant / thought...

注意：cannot ... too / enough / sufficiently /more / hardly / impossible / overdo…表肯定的说法。 例如： 1) You can never be too careful. 2) It seems that people just cannot get enough of scary rides and exciting adventures. (1B U 22) 3) This point cannot be overemphasized. 另有： It is hard to overstate the sense of pride that the Chinese feel at the way their athletes performed and the show that Beijing put on.

E. 冠词 ( Article ) 1) Jumping out of ____ airplane at ten thousand feet is quite ____ exciting experience. ( 2002 ) A.不填; the B.不填; a. C. an; an D. the; the 2) --- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? --- Sorry, wrong number. There isn’t _____ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one (06 全国 I) 3) In the United States, there is always ___ flow of people to areas of ___ country where more jobs can be found. A. a; the B. /;a C. the; the D. a; a (08 四川)

4) -- Have you seen ____ pen? I left it here this morning. -- Is it ____ black one? I think I saw it somewhere. ( 97 ) A. a; the B. the; the C. the; a D. a; a 5) Paper money was in ____ use in China when Marco Polo visited the country in ____ thirteenth century. ( 99 ) A. the; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填; the D.不填;不填 请留意：冠词高考历年所重视的是“泛指、特指、习 惯搭配”等。08年集中体现了这一点。

6) How beautifully she sings! I have never heard ____. ( 96 ) ____. ( 96 ) A. the better voice B. a good voice C. the best voice D. a better voice 对比： Boris has brains. In fact, I doubt whether anyone in the class has ____ IQ. ( 2002 ) A. a high B. a higher C. the higher D. the highest 7) ____ apple fell from the tree and hit him on ____ head. (08 浙江) A. An; the B. The; the C. An; / D. The; /

F. V-ing 及动词不定式 (V-ing & Verb Infinitive ) 1) ____ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. ( 2001 ) A. having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered * 2) He was busy writing a story, only ____ once in a while to smoke a cigarette. (08辽宁) A. to stop B. stopping C. to have stopped D. having stopped He hurried to the booking office only to be told that All the tickets had been sold out. 对比

3) I was scared and was feeling anxious, ____ in a country. A. for the first time I was B. I was the first time C. being my first time D. this being my first time 4) Without facts, we cannot form a ____ opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ____ our thinking. A. knowledgeable; based on B. sound; which to be based on C. worthwhile; upon which to base D. valuable; upon which to be based

5) They see you as something of a worrier, _____ problems which don’t exist and crossing bridges long before you come to them. （04 重庆 27题） A. Setting B. discovering C. seeing D. designing 请留意，cross one’s bridges when/ before one comes to them意思是“杞人忧天”其中seeing表示“经 历、目睹”。例如：Don’t cross your bridges before you come to them. being breathed 6) I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _____. (08 全国I ) A. To be breathed B. to breathe C. breathing D.

请留意动词不定式和被修饰词之间的四种关系： a.---The last one ____ pays the meal. --- Agreed. (07 全国) A. arrived B. arrive C. to arrive D. arriving b. In 1963 King met President Kennedy and asked for new civil rights laws to give blacks equal rights. c. I have something to eat. d. This type of music has become very famous in Britain and is very good music to dance to. e. The bus will be the easiest way to get to the park. 注：顺序依次为主谓、同位、动宾、介宾和偏正关系。

G. 形容词/副词及倍数表示 (Adj.,Adv.and Multiple ) 1) Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ___ to carry all the way home. (2003) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 2) You’re driving too fast. Can you drive ____? (08) A. more slowly a bit B. slowly a bit more C. a bit more slowly D. slowly more bit 请留意：fairly, quite, rather, pretty及very，much等. a little, a bit, a lot, half, enough, too, far, by far；

deep---deeply，wide ---widely，high---highly， loud ---loudly，cheep ---cheaply， safe ---safely； not/no a little / small / slightly等。比较： ＊ His work isn’t nearly as good as hers. 他的作品远不及她的好。(请区分almost, hardly等) ＊ I don’t like the exhibition a little. He was not a little satisfied with the result. He was not a bit satisfied with the result. 3) He did it ____ it took me. ( 2003/北京 ) A. one -third a time B. one -third time C. the one -third time D. one -third the time 对比

倍数表示的基本形式： a. 倍数 /分数 / 百分数 + the + 表示“大小/ 多少 / 远 近 /轻重/时间等名词 （参前一页2003北京题） b. 倍数 + that/those of: Tom’s age is two times that of Jerry’s. ( that of = as much as) c. 倍数 + as ... as： We have produced 4 times as many electric fans as we did last year. d. 倍数 + adj. / adv. 比较级 + than ...： The output of coal was 25% greater than in 1990.

4) It is generally believed that teaching is ____ it is a science A. an art much as B. much an art as C. as an art much as D. as much an art as 比较级的特例：as + adj. + a / an + n. (sing.) + as, 类似的还有：so / too / enough等。 ♣ Impressive as the record is, it fades next to the story of Armstrong’s struggle against disease. (B3 U1) ♣ below, behind, under, next best… 表示 “ 一方不及另一方 ”。 ♣ Unfortunately, my wife isn’t as fond of them as I am. （ 新课标教材 U 1）

H. 非确指数量词等 ( Indefinite Quantifiers ) 1) Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, ____ I will always treasure. A. that B. one C. it D. what ( 2002 ) 对比： ♣Education is lifelong process, ____ that starts long before the start of school. A. one B. it C. this D. which 2) It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which ____ of the parents spoke the language. A. none B. neither C. both D. each (08北京)

特别注意如下的词语： any, some, another, either, neither, a few / few, a little / little, more, none, both, each, a number of, the number of, a world of等。 例如： There is a world of music out there! 另要注意泛指非确指数量词及特指非确指数量词的 用法。 例如： ☆ There were bits of broken glass on the floor. ☆ Too many of the deer had been killed and they disappeared.

注意 it 的特殊用法： 1. I hate ____ when people talk with their mouths full. (98年全国第8题) A. it B. that C. which D. that 2. I’d appreciate ____ if you would like to teach me how to use the computer. (06年山东第24题) A. that B. it C. this D. you Cf： I hated it when someone calls me up in the middle of the night. (SEFCSB 1B U15) 还有：like, dislike, love, take, enjoy, make, figure out, rely on, can’t help 等.

I. 动词习语及其它(Verb Phrases and Some Idioms ) *1) “Good bye, then”, she said, without even __ ____ from her book. ( 2007 ) (参见“07分析”) . A. looking down B. looking up C. looking away D. looking on 2) The taxi driver often reminds passengers to ____ their belongings when they leave the car. ( 2002 ) A. keep B. catch C. hold D. take 3) I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some ____. (2000) A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time

4) I don't think I'll need any money but I'll bring some ____. (2000) A. at last B. in case C. once again D. in time 5) Modern equipment and no smoking are two of the things I like ____ working here. (08 全国II) A. with B. over C. at D. about 6) You have no idea how she finished the repay race ____ her foot wounded so much. (08 福建) A. for B. when C. with D. while 7) I bought a dress for only 10 dollars in sale; it was a real ____. (08 山东) A. exchange B. bargain C. trade D. business

8) They usually will try to change, but they will take some time because they get angry... ( 02 北京改错) 对比： ☆1. I took three hours to get home last night. (人做 主语。) 2. It took me three hours to get home last night. (“it”做形式主语。) 参见《Practical English Usage》 by Michael Swan P590 ☆ Smokers cost the government even more money for two reasons. ( SBII A L6 )

K. 情景表达及其它(Circumstances And So On) 1) -- I think you should phone Jenny and say sorry to her. -- ____. It was her fault. ( 2003 ) all A. No way B. Not possible C. No chance D. Not at 2) Who will start the ball rolling? Jackie, will you speak first? ( SBIII B L95 ) 3) Well done! That was a very good ball! (1A U4) 4) –Ling ling, supper is ready! –I’m coming. (1A U3) 5) ---I’m afraid I can’t return the book to you before Friday. --- ___. A. Don’t be afraid B. Be careful C. Not at all D. Take your time ( 08 重庆)

情景交际补充（不可望文生义）： 1. She is a homely woman. 2. He must needs go away just when we need his help. 3. You are old enough to know better. 4. That is the last thing that I want to do. 5. Are you a good sailor? 6. He ate his words at last. 7. Reading the interesting story, I was carried away and forget everything around me.

4. 完型填空：以正确信息先入法导入，强化完形填 空中综合运用语言的能力。 A. 命题趋势： 语言交际化，情景生活化，词汇灵活化；考查 综合运用能力，中西文化交融能力，更加靠近 新课标精神。 B. 学习方法及示例： 强化阅读90---2003年的完形填空原文（即正确 的原文），了解真谛，再读填空题，并问为什 么。请看例文：

通读2003年全国完形原题： I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most surprising and tiring games I've ever had. When Ed first phoned and suggested we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an easy victory. After all, Ed’s idea of exercise has always been nothing more effort- making than lifting a fork to his mouth. As long as I can remember, Ed's been the least physically fit member in the family, and strangely proud of

himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T-shirt and trousers. Although the family often joked about that, Ed refused to buy a larger T-shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed arrived for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but so also with a stomach you could hardly notice. I was surprised that I was speech- less. My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape.

As a result, at the point in our game when I‘d have predicted (预计) the score to be about 9 to1in my favor, it was instead 7 to 9 and Ed was leading. The sudden realization was painful. We continued to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up, I was having serious doubts about staying alive until 21 years old, let alone scoring that many points. When he game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to move. In a way, I think we both won:

I the game, but cousin Ed my respect. 2003年完形填空试题： I played a racquetball game against my cousin Ed last week. It was one of the most 36 and tiring games I’ve ever had. When Ed first phoned and 37 we play, I laughed quietly, figuring on an 38 victory. After all, Ed’s idea of 39 has always been nothing more 40 than lifting a fork to his mouth. 41 I can remember, Ed’s been the least physically fit member in the family. And 42 proud of himself. His big stomach has always ballooned out between his T –shirt and trousers.

to buy a 44 T –shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed 45 Although the family often 43 about that, Ed refused to buy a 44 T –shirt or to lose weight. So when Ed 45 for our game not only with the bottom of his shirt gathered inside his trousers but also with a stomach you could hardly 46 . I was so surprised that I was 47 . My cousin must have made an effort to get himself into shape. 48 , at the point in our game when I’d have predicted (预计) the score to be about 9 to 1 in my favor, it was 49 7 to 9 and Ed was 50 .The sudden realization was painful. We 51 to play like two mad men. When the score was 16 up, I was having serious 52 about staying alive until 21

years old, let alone 53 that Many points. When the game finally ended, both of us were lying flat on our backs, too tired to 54 . In a way, I think we both won: I the game, but cousin Ed my 55 . 36. A. encouraging B. hopeless C. surprising D. regular 37. A. declared B. mentioned C. persuaded D. suggested 38. A. unforgettable B. unexpected C. easy D. early

39. A. exercise B. preparation C. joy D. fitness 40. A. time-saving B. comfortable C. suitable D. effort- making 41. A. As soon as B. As long as C. When D. Since 42. A. strangely B. personally C. reasonably D. eagerly 43. A. cared B. forgot C. quarreled D. joked 44. A. clean B. larger C. straight D. darker

45. A. set out B. got ready C. arrived D. returned 46. A. notice B. admire C. believe D. measure 47. A. nervous B. curious C. careless D. speechless 48. A. After all B. As a result C. Above D. At last 49. A. mistaking B. then C. instead D. naturally 50. A. leading B. coming C. waiting D. counting

51. A. pretended B. stopped C. continued D. decided 52. A. thoughts B. doubts C. situations D. problems 53. A. scoring B. completing C. receiving D. keeping 54. A. play B. start C. sleep D. move 55. A. friendship B. respect C. support D. favor

2003年完形习语： figure on （指望、料想） Nothing more ... than （ 不比...更） balloon out （象气球般鼓起） get oneself into shape （有个好体形） in person’s favor （对某人有利） let alone （不消说、理所当然） lie flat on （完全躺在... ）

最后作2004---2008年的高考题，检验实际 效果（参考“完型训练”文档） A. 全篇主要意思是否明白 B. 重要动词(或短语)是否会用 C. 中西文化背景是否清楚 D. 语境中词语筛选是否合理 E. 是否根据常识进行推理 F. 惯用法及搭配是否恰当 G. 是否纠正了平时的习惯错误

5. 阅读理解 强化阅读理解中英语国家的文化意识 A.命题趋势： 比较稳定地保持了历年来的命题特点，即： 1. 强调语篇选材的真实性。 2. 语篇题材体裁的多样性。 3. 较大的阅读量和信息量。 4. 语篇结构较为复杂，无明显的难易之分。 5. 09年阅读难度和深度应和08年持平，但训 练时应稍加难度。

B. 近年来《考纲》对“阅读理解”题的目标要 求： 1）理解主旨要义 2）理解文中具体信息 3）根据上下文推测生词的词义 4）根据所获信息作出简单判断和推理（推 断隐含意义） 5）理解文章的基本结构 6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度

C. 解决办法： 1. 强化阅读90---2008年的高考阅读理解题，了解 出题的方式和手段，尤其注意英语国家的文化意 识，熟悉其思维方式。坚持每天一定量的阅读。 2. 训练考前的快速阅读方法： a.和听力一样，按意群（Sense group）阅读，避 免以单词为注视点（Fixations)。 请看下面的例子： 1）以意群为关注点的高效阅读者： The data suggests / that what successful

language learners have / in common is, / among other things, /that they are interested in / under- standing their own thinking, / curious about the world, / willing to take chances / and confident in their ability. (SECFS B3 Unit 8 Reading) 2）以单词为注视点进行阅读： Despite /the / fact /that / dandelions /are /one / of / the /most / common / types / of / weeds, / the / classification /of /dandelions /is /still /not /complete. ( SEFCS B3 Unit 4 ) 对1和2的两个例子进行比较，不难看出哪一个句子的阅读速 度更快了。

b. 切忌阅读时出声（Vocalization） c. 切忌心读（Inner Speech） d. 学会精读 (Intensive Reading) 泛读 ( Extensive Reading）的结合 e. 学会略读（Skimming）查读（Scanning）的结合 f. 养成记时阅读（Timed Reading）的习惯 3. 重点训练阅读时的难点(举例)： 1) This chance discovery ended a 12-day search by the Library Company of Philadelphia for a his- torical treasure --- a 120-page diary kept 190 years ago by Deborah Logan, “ a woman who know

everybody in her day," James Green, the librarian told the magazine American Libraries. ( 99. A篇 第二自然段) 2) Maybe ten-year-old Elizabeth put it best when she said to her father, "But, Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead." ( 99. D篇 第一自然段 ) Why did Elizabeth say to her father, "But, Dad, you can't be healthy if you're dead"? A. He was driving at great speed. B. He was running across the street. C. He didn't have his safety on. D. He didn't take his medicine in time.

阅读试题备考方案 （参考“阅读理解”文稿） A. 系统阅读18年来的高考试题。 B. 分析阅读过程中常犯的毛病。 C. 注意影响理解全文或段落的熟词、短语。 D. 养成良好的阅读习惯。 E. 对看不明白的短文可先看题再从文中找答案。 F. 把阅读材料尽量译成得体的中文。 G. 多浏览最新的科技、时事、人物、天文、地 理等短文。

6. 短文改错 强化短文改错的思路和方法 A. 命题趋势： 继续保持反映中学生的生活，思想，行为等的短 文形式。 1）根据整体判断错误仍是改错的难点。 2）错词的考查明显多于无错、多词、少词的考查。 3）动词的考查往往多于其它词类的考查。 4）留心07（海南、宁夏）给文挑错。 B. 解决办法：

和完形填空的解决办法大致相同： 1）阅读93---2003年的短文改错的正确形式，读到 烂熟于心，再做改错题，并搞清出题者的思路，手 法，考点分布。 2）做2004---2008年的改错题，进一步分析错误根 源，对比近五年来的改错题有什么变化。尤其要搞 清楚针对个人的习惯错误。 C. 留意改错考查的点（举例）： 1）不同的中、英文表达 2）只见树木，不见森林的表达 3）常见的语法、词语错误

改错考查的点举例： 第一组： A. First, let me tell you something more about myself. (97. 88 ) B. I was a member of our school football team. ( 98. 86 ) C. They did not want me to do any work at family. ( 01. 79 ) 第二组： A. Finally, I should be able to tell visitors about our history and culture and show them…. ( 08-II. 92 )

B. When I was on the stage the next day, I felt so nervous that I shook like a leaf. (2000.89) C. Perhaps we could go out to do some sight- seeing together. (2008.85 ) 第三组： A. The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me. (2000.86) B. They usually will try to change, but they will take some time because they get angry all their lives, and... (2002.79北京 )

复习方法举例： 2002年北京短文改错正确形式： What should you do when your parents become angry? If your parents get mad, try to have a conversation with them about it. Remember not to shout at them. They usually will try to change, but it will take some time because they get angry all their lives, and that is all they know. You might have to change / your method a couple of times. Do some nice things for your a couple of times.

Do some nice things for your parents that they don’t expect---like cooking, doing the dishes, washing clothes, or cleaning the floors. If this doesn't work, bring in ___ friend that you feel comfortable ___ , and have him or her help you. D. 备考方案 1. 反复阅读或背诵93--2008年的正确的短文。 2. 对需改错的短文应先读后改。 3. 分析错误根源，提高效验能力。 4. 适当做几份模拟试题热身。

7. 书面表达 1)阅读归纳历年(90--2008) 书面表达的形式、内容。 2) 强化训练方法： A. 训练写作的基本格式、题材、*体裁。 B. 给材料学会先说后写，训练思维能力。 C. 强化训练使用复杂句及转折词语。 D. 背会、记熟一定量的名言、警句、格言等。 D. 掌握不同题材、体裁的常用句式及文章结构。 E. 强化书写规范，注重卷面整洁。

A. 以教材为基础，灵活借用教材中有用的词组、短 语、句套子。 3) 具体操作： A. 以教材为基础，灵活借用教材中有用的词组、短 语、句套子。 例如，北京海淀07.1期末试题： In your English class, the teacher shows you the following picture and ask the class to discuss it. Your classmates have different understandings. Look at the picture carefully and tell your classmates how your understand it.

Here is no honey, Sir!

I think the picture suggests that our resources are limited. Honey is to bees what resources are to human beings. As is shown in the picture, the bees find no honey in the flowers because of their overcollectings to the limited honey. As with bees, we human beings always take it for granted that our resources can not be used up. As a result, our resources have been decreas- ing sharply on the earth. The picture warns people of that. Shouldn't we make sense of this serious situation? (来自一位学生的答卷)

1) A nest is to a bird what a house is to a man. ( from 2A U3 P21) 2) As with hiking, you should always think about your safety and wear good clothes. ( from 1A U3 P18 ) 3)…but we would do well to keep in mind that many inventions that now we take for granted were greeted with doubt. (from 2B U18 p135) 4) And perhaps most puzzling of all, how were we able to make sense of what we heard and distinguish the mistakes and errors from” good “language? (from B3 U8 P66)

B. 面对考题，想好思路，确定论题，发挥长处。 以北京07.1 海淀期末作文题为例： 1）学生的答卷思路是：自然界的资源是有限的，并 根据图中的漫画展开思路，通过比喻论证，得出 结论。 2）下面参考答案是又一思路：先确定花是人工造 的，再展开思路，确定论据, 得出结论或表明作 者的观点。 3）还可以有另一思路： 假的东西的危害，通过图 示，展开思路，得出结论，打假。

After seeing the picture, I feel as confused as 参考范文： After seeing the picture, I feel as confused as bees. The reason why there is no honey is that the flowers are all artificial ones. To my understanding there might be at least two causes. Perhaps plants and flowers have all died from pollution and now there are only artificial substitutes. Of course the bees cannot find the honey. As another possible cause, people have designed those flowers in order to beatify the living environment. Consequently, the bees take those flowers as real ones by mistake. We can learn from the picture that it is probably best to be aware of the superficial phenomenon around us and learn to distinguish fact and fiction.

C. 写作形式和训练的重点 * 高考中表现出来的有如下几种试题形式： 1）图画式 2）图表式 3）提纲式（提纲要点、提纲 表格）4）开放式 (类开放06湖南) * 高考中表现出来的有如下几种写作手法： 1）客观陈述 2）陈述议论 3）问题解决 4）现象解释 5）对比选择 6）观点论证 *常考的以第一、第二种居多，是考生训练的重点 ( 参见“写作”文稿)

第四部分 系统整理复习以来的问题 1. 是听的能力问题，还是判断的能力问题。 2. 语法是知识问题，还是语境、语感问题。 第四部分 系统整理复习以来的问题 1. 是听的能力问题，还是判断的能力问题。 2. 语法是知识问题，还是语境、语感问题。 3. 词汇是记忆问题，还是功能、惯用问题。 4. 完形是篇章理解问题，还是辩异分析能力问题。 5. 阅读是视野问题，还是提炼、归纳、分析等问 题。 6. 改错是语篇效验能力问题，还是基 本知识问 7. 写作是思路问题，还是驾御语言能力问题。

赠 言 Past experience, if not forgotten, is the guide for the future. 赠 言 Past experience, if not forgotten, is the guide for the future. Where there is a will, there is a way. Wish your students success!