Classification of Noun Word-formation(构词法)：Simple Noun (简单名词)，Compound Noun (复合名词) ， Derivative Noun (派生名词) Lexical meaning (词汇意义）：Common Noun(普通名词)，Proper Noun(专有名词) Grammatical meaning(语法意义）：Countable Noun (可数名词) Uncountable Noun (不可数名词)

Examples Simple Noun :man, chair, water, faith Compound Noun: roommate, seaside, farmland, forget-me-not Derivative Noun :expectation, greatness, national, Common Noun: family, education, failure, air Proper Noun: China, New York Times, Anderson Countable Noun :car, peach, family Uncountable Noun :water, meat, bread, money

Number Singular Number(单数） Plural Number (复数）

Plural Number (复数） （1）规则变化，即名词后加s/es。 （2）不规则变化。 Eg: tooth-teeth (3) 单复数同形。 Eg: sheep fish deer Chinese (4) 复合名词中名词数的变化--一般在最后一个名词上体现。Eg: pencial-boxes girl-students 特殊情况：由man或woman构成的复合名词，如：a man doctor / a woman doctor 的复数形式为two men doctors; two women doctors。 (5) 复数名词---有些名词总是以复数形式出现，如trousers, glasses; 他们表示单个数量时需要借助量词来表示，如a pair of trousers; a pair of glasses. (6) 复数意义的名词---有些名词表达复数的概念，往往作为一个整体看待，如：police， people。这些词没有复数形式，但是其后面的谓语动词却总是用复数形式。

Case(格） 一般加’s，以s结尾的加’;也可用of来表示所有格。 名词所有格的意义： 表所有关系：Mr. Brown’s pasport 表主谓关系：Prime Minister’s arrival 表示来源：Mary’s letter（a letter from Mary) 表示时间等：an hour’s work, a pound’s weight

Article 1.定/不定冠词 定冠词---表特指，可用于可数名词和不可数名词前； 不定冠词 ---表泛指，只有可数名词前。 2. 熟记常用搭配： eg: the Browns 布朗一家 the young/old 年轻/老人 play the piano/ the violin

Pronoun (代词) 人称代词: 主格：I you she he it we they 宾格： me you her him it us them 指示代词：this these that those 物主代词：形容词性：my you’re her his its our their 名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, oneself, ourselves 疑问代词：what, which, who, whom, whose 不定代词：each, every, many, much, few, little, somebody, nobody, anybody, everyone, everything, something, anything, nothing

Sentences The car under the tree is his. Mine is the one with a broken light. You will find your books among mine on the shelf. The manager himself will interview lily. The old man lives by himself. He often puts himself forward(摆架子）. One shouldn’t overwork oneself. One must remember to remain still when he attends a concert.

Preposition(介词) Is that country rich in minerals? I’m indifferent to his affairs. He was very disappointed at not finding her at home. He falls into the habit of reading novels every day. He will never give up. The organization was set up in 1992. Is there any need for this hurry? To my delight, he passed the entrance examination of our institute. We did it at your request.

fall into the habit of He falls into the habit of reading novels every day. It’s very easy to fall into the habit of smoking, but extremely difficult to quit. Don’t fall into the habit of smoking.

Classification of Preposition Simple Preposition 简单介词 Complex Preposition 复杂介词

Complex Preposition 复杂介词 Two-word Preposition 双词介词 Three-word Preposition 三词介词 Four-word Preposition 四词介词

Examples According to, along with, owing to, as for , thanks to, due to In addition to, in danger of , on top of For the benefit of(为…的利益） On the eve of (在…的前夕） On the part of (在…方面）

Classification of Adverb(副词） Adverb of Manner(方式):angrily, politely, rudely, coldly, warmly Adverb of Degree (程度):almost, hardly, nearly, completely Adverb of Time (时间):before, now, yesterday, today, tomorrow Adverb of Place (地点):up, down, here, there, anywhere, everywhere Conjunctive Adverb (连接): therefore, however, thus

形容词的句法作用（名词修饰语一） 前置修饰语：rainy/windy day, intelligent boy 词序排列：限定词—说话人评价的形容词—表示大小、形状、新旧的形容词– 表示颜色的形容词—表示国别、来源、材料的形容词—表示用途或目的的形容词—名词中心词 the English church the old English church the charming old English church the town’s charming old English church

形容词的句法作用（名词修饰语二） 放在由some, any, no 等构成的合成词之后,作后置修饰语 Have you read anything interesting lately? I’d like something cheaper.

形容词的比较级 句型： a:比较级+ than Health is more important than wealth. b: 比较级+and+比较级 越来越… Our life is getting better and better. c: the+比较级， the+比较级（前半句是后半句的条件） The more time you spend on it, the greater progress you will make.

1.同级比较as…as… , not so/as… as(否定） e.g.: He is as tall as his brother. I can’t get up so early as you. 2. 最高级句型 the+最高级+of/in… e.g.: Who is the tallest, Tom, Jack or Bill? He is the most diligent student I’ve ever seen.

Classification of Verb 行为动词（实义动词) 连系动词 助动词 情态动词

行为动词（实义动词) 及物动词（Transitive Verb) John is playing the basketball. The new lamp gave us more light. 不及物动词(Intransitive Verb) He works hard. Please look at the blackboard and listen to me. He went over his lessons carefully every day.

连系动词 be (is, am, are, was, were） 感官动词（look，feel, smell, sound, taste) 表示 “变”、“变成” （become, get, grow, turn)

助动词 本身无词义，不能单独作谓语，只能与主要动词一起构成谓语，表示不同的时态、语态、表示句子的否定、疑问等。 e.g.: He doesn’t speak English well. A dog is running after a cat. Did he have any milk for his breakfast?

情态动词 本身有意义，但并不完整。它们表示说话人的能力、语气或情态，如“可能”、“应当”等。 can/could, may/might, will/would, shall/should, must, ought to