Welcome to 大学英语 B 平凉电大 张 莉
3、每年4月、9月、12月参加全国统一的网上考试,望同学们抓紧复习,并注意每次的报考。 大学英语统考学员须知 1、考试形式:考试采用机考,时间90分钟。具体考试时间地点以准考证为准。 2、本项考试要求由学生自行在网上报名、交费、打印准考证。收费标准:科目35元/人。考生通过“考生个人信息管理系统”在网上一次性完成报考与缴费。学生也可在当地教学点报名缴费。 3、每年4月、9月、12月参加全国统一的网上考试,望同学们抓紧复习,并注意每次的报考。
考试题型介绍 按照历年考卷分析,考试题一般由六部分组成 第一部分:交际用语。 第二部分:阅读理解。 第三部分:词汇与语法。 第四部分:完型填空。 第五部分:英译汉。 第六部分:写作
辅 导 这里主要就交际用语和阅读理解做以考前辅导。
日 常 交 际 用 语 《大学英语》B统考试题中第一部分为英语知识的运用,目的是测试学生在日常生活情景中的交际能力。要求生从四个选项中选出一个正确的回答,使原来的对话意思完整,符合交际原则。要达到用英语得体的进行交谈,必须熟悉掌握英语基本的日常交际用语。 日常交际用语非常丰富,不可能一一列举。下面是一个基本的日常交际用语简表,每个功能项目都列举了一两个典型的内容,希望广大家能熟练掌握。
日 常 交 际 用 语 简 表 1.介绍 ——This is Mr./Mrs./Miss…这是…… ——Nice to meet you. 很高兴见到你。 2. 告别 ——I think it’s time for us to leave , Goodbye! 我想我们该离开了。再见! 3. 打电话 ——Hello!May I speak to …?你好!请找…? ——Hold on, please. 请别挂机。 4. 感谢和应答 ——Thanks a lot! 多谢! ——Not at all. That’s all right. 不客气。 5. 祝愿,祝贺和应答 ——Good luck!/Congratulations!/Merry Christmas! 祝你好运!祝贺你!圣诞快乐! ——Thank you. The same to you. 谢谢你。同样祝你。 6. 道歉和应答 ——I’m sorry(for/about)…很抱歉… ——That’s all right. /That’s nothing. 没关系。 7. 遗憾和同情 ——What a pity ! I’m sorry to hear…太遗憾了!我听说…… 日 常 交 际 用 语 简 表
日 常 交 际 用 语 简 表 8. 邀请和应答 ——Would you like to…?你愿意……? ——Yes, it’s very kind of you. /I’d love to, but… 是的,你太好了。/我很愿意去。但是…… 9. 提供和应答 ——What can I do for you?Let me… for you. /Would you like some…?我能为你做些什么?让我为你……/你愿意来点……? ——Thanks. That would be nice. 多谢。那太好了。 ——Yes, please. /That’s nice of you, but…谢谢。/太好了,但是…… 10. 请求允许和应答 ——May I…?/Can I…?我可以……? ——Yes, do please. /Of course. /I’m sorry, but…/You’d better not. 是的。请便。/当然。/对不起,但是……。/你最好不要…… 11. 同意和不同意 ——Yes, I thinks so. /That’s a good idea. /I agree (with you). 是的,我想是这样的。/这是个好主意。/我同意。 ——I don’t think so. /I really can’t agree with you.我不这样认为。/我真的不同意你的看法。 12. 肯定和不肯定 ——I am sure(that …)我确定…… ——I’m not sure (if, whether…)/Perhaps. /Maybe. 我不确定…/或许… 日 常 交 际 用 语 简 表
日 常 交 际 用 语 简 表 13. 喜好和厌恶 ——I like…very much.我很喜欢… ——I don’t like (so / doing). 我不喜欢……。 ——I hate(to do/doing)我不愿意…… 14. 谈论天气 ——What’s the weather like today? How is the weather?今天天气如何? ——Its fine./It’s rather warm, isn’t it?天气晴朗。/天气暖和,不是吗? 15. 购物 ——Can I help you?/What color(size, kind)do you want?我能为你做些什么? / 你要什么颜色? ——I want…. How much is it?/That’s fine, I’ll take it.我想要……。它多少钱?/这件不错,我就要它了。 16. 问路和应答 ——Excuse me, can you tell me the way to …?打扰了,你能告诉我去……路吗? ——Go down this street. Turn right at the third crossing. 沿着这条街一直走,在第三个十字路口右转。 17. 时间日期和应答 ——What’s time?/What day is it today?/What’s the date? 几点了?/今天星期几?今天几号? ——It’s two. /It’s Tuesday. /It’s March the fourth. 两点。/星期二。/3月14日。 日 常 交 际 用 语 简 表
18. 请求 ——Could/Would you please…?/Please pass me…请你……?请递给我…… 19. 劝告和建议 ——You’d better…你最好…… ——You should…. 你应该…… ——Shall we…我们可以……? ——How about…?如何……? 20. 就餐 ——What would you like to have?/Help yourself to…你想吃点什么?请自便。 ——Thank you. I have had enough. /Just a little, please. 谢谢你。我吃饱了。/就一点,谢谢。 21. 约会 ——Are you free this afternoon? 今天下午你有空吗? ——No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free…我下午没有空,但是我有空 22. 传递信息 ——Will you give this note/message to…?你能带便条/口信给……? 23. 看病 ——I feel terrible. /I’ve got a pain here. 我感觉不舒服/我这里疼。 ——Take this medicine three times a day. You’ll be all right soon. 这个药一天吃三次。你很快就会好。 日 常 交 际 用 语 简 表
A. Not too bad B. Very good C. I am all right again D. Thank you Practice 1.——I haven’t seen you for a long time. How is everything, Kate? ——_____. A. Not too bad B. Very good C. I am all right again D. Thank you 答案:A 译文:——我有好长时间没有见到你了。凯特,你还好吗? ——还不错。 解析:此题问的是“近来如何?”,习惯回答是not too bad还不错。 2. ——Could you look after my daughter for me while I am away? A. Yes, here you are B. You are welcome C. With pleasure D.I don’t want to 答案:C 译文:——我不在家时,你能否照看一下我女儿? ——非常乐意效劳。 解析:A:意思是“给你。”B:意思是“你太客气了。”C:意思是“愿意效劳。 ”D:意思是“我不想。”因此只有C最符合题意。 3.——Sorry, I have taken your sports shoes by mistake. ——_____. A. That’s all right B. It does not matter at all C. You are welcome D. Not at all 答案:B 译文:——对不起,我错拿了你的运动鞋。 ——没关系。 解析:ACD都用于回答谢谢。B是I’m sorry 的固定回答语。
A. I am sorry B. It is nothing C. No, not at all D. Thank you Practice 4.——Thank you for helping me out of trouble. ——_____. A. I am sorry B. It is nothing C. No, not at all D. Thank you 答案:B 译文:——谢谢你帮我解决麻烦。 ——没关系。 解析:A的意思是:对不起,C的意思是:不,一点也不。都是用来回答别人的道歉的。 B的意思是:“没关系”符合题意。 5.——How do you like the film? A. I saw it yesterday B. It’s very interesting C. You like the film very much D. I saw it twice 答案:B 译文:——你觉得这个电影怎么样? ——很有意思。 解析:ACD都是答非所问。 6.——I’d like to book a flight to Shanghai, please. ——_____ A. No, of course not. B. Do you mind if I said no? C. Yes, sir, single or return? D. You can’t. We are busy. 答案:C 译文:——我想预定到上海的机票。 ——单程还是往返? 解析:从本题问话人可以看出,他想向对方预定到上海的机票。 因此最佳回答应当是C。
阅 读 技 巧 大学英语(B)统考试题中第二部分是阅读理解。所选文章包括应用文、描述文、记叙文、说明文或议论文等。要求考生能读懂与日常生活和社会生活相关的不同类型的文字材料,要求快速阅读,读后能理解文章的主要意思、了解文中具体的信息、并能根据上下文推测生词词义、进行判断、推理,理解作者的意图、观点或态度。 阅读理解题是一种综合性的技能测试,它不仅要求考生具有较强的理解能力,还要求考生要有一定的阅读速度。而通常影响阅读理解的因素主要有:词汇量、语法知识、背景知识。考生要在这一项上取得高分,除了要在词汇量、语法知识、背景知识三个方面多下功夫外,还必须学会掌握一些最基本的阅读技能,了解这部分试题的基本设题思路及解题方法和技巧。
(1)略读(Skimming) “略读”又称“浏览”,是指跳过细节,跳过不重要的描述与例子,进行快速阅读以求抓住文章的大意和主题思想的方法。阅读时速度要快,一般来说,250字左右的短文应在二、三分钟之内看完。略读时精力必须十分集中,不要去记忆细节,遇到个别生词或难懂的词句均可略过,以求对全文总体意思的了解。为了更好地抓住全文的中心思想,略读时要特别注意文章的起始段和结束段以及文章中每一段的段首句和结尾句,因为它们往往是对文章内容最好的概括。 (2)寻读(Scanning) 寻读是快速寻找某一特殊信息的阅读方法。它的目的非常明确,即找到所需要的信息。日常生活中我们对这一方法并不陌生。例如从人群中找出你认识的朋友,从货架上找出你想购买的商品,在书架上寻找一本你要找的书,从一本指南中找出某个单位的地址等,都是利用这种方法。在寻读时,目光要自上而下,一目数行地寻视与答题相关的词句,与此无关的内容要很快掠过。当回答who, when, where等有关文章细节时,我们用这种方法很快就能找到答案。 (3)细读(Reading for full understanding) 细读是在找到文章中的有关部分以后,在此范围内逐句阅读,特别要对关键词、句仔细琢磨,以便对其有比较深刻、准确的理解。不仅要理解其字面意思,还要通过推理和判断,弄清文章中字里行间所隐含的意思。在细读的过程中,对没有学过的生词,可根据上下文的背景知识来推测其词义;对难以看懂的长句,可借助语法手段,对其加以分析,以达到正确理解的目的。 阅 读 方 法
注 意 事 项 1)考生应针对文章的不同题材和题型,选择不同的阅读方法。 1)考生应针对文章的不同题材和题型,选择不同的阅读方法。 2)可以先阅读一遍要求回答的问题,再阅读文章的段落,这有助于你在阅读时抓住要点。 3)一般来说,除了主旨及推论型题目以外,题目顺序与文章的情节发展是一致的,因此应按题目顺序解题。 4)文章较难时,不必紧张,根据语言学科的测试规律,如果文章难则问题比较简单。只要能很好地应用阅读技巧,就不难找到正确答案。另外,文章偏长也不一定就难,因为在较长的篇幅中,其词汇,句子结构的复杂程度要相对容易些。 5)阅读过程中,可以在文章或问题旁空白处做些记号,也可以对一些与答题有关的词句划线。还可以标出一些关键词,尤其是文章的论点、论据及一些有关事实,以避免遗忘或回顾时浪费时间。 6)回答问题时不能按照个人的主观臆断,回答问题的根据应该建立在阅读文章的基础上。
练 习 Passage1: The world is not only hungry, it will also be thirsty for water. About 97% of water on the earth is sea water, or salt water. Man can only drink or use the other 3% of the fresh water which comes from rivers, lakes and underground. On the other hand, because the number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger, more and more fresh water is needed. So water shortage becomes a big problem. How can we work out this problem?Scientists have found some ways to turn salt water into fresh water. One important way is to boil sea water with high heat until vapor rises, leaving the salt. In this way, a lot of fresh water can be made quickly. But heating is not the only way to get fresh water. Other ways are tried, for example, digging deep wells, keeping rain water and preventing rivers from being polluted. Which way is the best?To get the most fresh water for the least money is the best. 1. Where does the fresh water people need come from? _____ A. Sea water. B. Rivers and lakes. C. Underground. D. Both B and C. 2. From this passage we can know fresh water _____. A. only comes from the rain B. can be used in many ways C. can be found in many factories D. is needed by more and more people 3. The word "shortage" in this passage means _____. A. being enough B. being short of C. being short for D. being less 4. What is the writer mainly talking about in this passage? _____ A. The ways of getting fresh water. B. How to use fresh water in our daily life. C. All people in the world should save water. D. Different ways of making water in different places. 5. Which of the following is true? _____ A. Hunger is the only problem in our world. B. Water shortage is the only problem in our world. C. Scientists don’t want to spend money solving the water problem. D. Scientists have been working hard and have made much progress in solving water problem.
1.答案D。细节题。将Man can only drink or use…rivers, lakes and underground这一长句子进行分割理解,就可以得出:淡水出自河流、湖泊和地下,与选项B和C的内容相加是一致的。 2.答案D。细节推理题。根据because the number of people in the world is becoming larger and larger,more and more fresh water is needed.这句话的内容,可以知道:由于人口越来越多,因此对淡水的需求也就越来越大了。 3.答案B。词汇题。结合上面的内容“人口越来越多,因此对淡水的需求也就越来越大”,后面出现:So water shortage becomes a big problem.这句话,显然作者是想表明:淡水是个大问题。这里的问号所表示的意思应该是“短缺”的意思。值得注意的是:选项C的意思是“是…的简短/易称呼”,与句意不符合。 4.答案A。主旨题。本文的主题句位于短文的最后:花最少的钱获取最多的淡水。 5.答案D。细节推理题。选项D是第二段文字的中心内容,表明科学家们已经在将海水化为淡水的研究中取得突破性进展。 答 案
Passage2: The world is becoming much smaller by using modern traffic and communication means. Life today is much easier than it was hundreds of years ago, but it has brought new problems. One of the biggest is pollution, to pollute means to make things dirty. We see it, smell it, drink it and even hear it. Man has polluted the earth. Many years ago, the problem was not so serious because there were not so many people. When the land was used up or water was dirty in one place, man moved to another place. But this is no longer true. Man is now slowly polluting the whole world. Air pollution is still quite serious. It’s hard for all living things in the world, but it is not the only one kind of pollution. Water pollution kills our fish and pollutes our drinking water. Noise pollution makes us angry more easily. Many countries are making rules to fight pollution. They stop people from burning coal in houses and factories in the city, and from putting dirty smoke into the air. Pollution by 20O2 is now the most dangerous kind of air pollution. It is from heavy traffic. It is certain that if there are fewer people driving, there will be less air pollution. The earth is our home. We must take care of it. That means keeping the land, water and air clean. And we must keep careful of rise in population. 1. Our world is becoming much smaller _____. A. because the earth is being polluted day and night B. thanks to science development C. because of the rise in population D. because the earth is blown away by the wind every year 2. Thousands of years ago, life was _____ today. A. much easier than B. as easy as C. as hard as D. much harder than 3. Pollution comes in many ways. We can even hear it. Here“it”means _____. A. water pollution B. air pollution C. noise pollution D. rubbish 4. Air pollution is the most serious kind of pollution because _____. A. it is bad for all living things in the world B. it makes much noise C. it makes our river and lakes dirty D. it makes us angry more easily 5. Which of the following is NOT true? _____ A. Many countries are making rules fight pollution. B. The pollution of the earth grows as fast as the world’s population does. C. If people could go to work by bus or bike instead of car or motorbike it would be helpful in fighting against the problem of SO2. D. The problem of pollution is not so serious because there are not so many people living on the earth. 练 习
谢谢