Unit 2 Language points

基础知识自测

一﹑单词拼写 请根据给出的读音、词性和词义写出下列单词。 1. _____________ [5AktFuElI] adv. 事实上 2.______________ [beis] vt. 以……基础 3. ____________[5^rAdjJElI] adv. 逐渐地 4. _____________ [ai'dentəti]n. 本身, 身份 5. _____________ ['f lu;ənt] adj. 流利的 6. _____________ [5fri:kwEnt] adj. 频繁的，经常的 7. _____________ [ri'kwest] vt. n. 要求，请求 8._________ [5rekE^naiz] vt. 认出，承认 9. ______________ [streit]adj. 直的 10. _____________ ['lætə] adj. n. 后者 actually base gradually identity fluent frequent request recognize straight latter 一般电脑都缺少音标字体，所以音标显示不正常 把金山音标拷贝到C:\WINDOWS\Fonts里边就可以正常显示音标了

11.____________[in'riʧ] vt. 使充实， 使丰富 12. ____________[5eliveitE] n. 电梯 13. ____________[5kCNkE] vt. 占领，征服 14. ____________[5AksEnt] n. 口音 15. _________[vE5kAbjulEri] n. 词汇 16 .____________[ 'ju;zidʒ]n. 使用，用法 17._______[E5fiFEl] adj. 官方的，正式的 18. __________ [iks5preFEn] n. 词语，表达 19. __________ [5mid5westEn] adj.中西部的 20. ____________[kE5mB:nd] vt./n. 命令，指令 enrich elevator conquer accent vocabulary usage official expression Midwestern command

二﹑单词运用 根据句子的结构和意义，在空格处填入一个恰当的单词，或者用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Our school has organized a lot of activities in order to our school life. 2. He knew this city with ___________ visits throughout the year. 3. Can you these twin sisters? 4. I showed two books to you just now. Which one do you prefer, the former or the ? enrich Gradually frequent recognize latter

5. The chairman that we should show our card when leaving here. 6. This stick looks as if it were bent in the water, but it is . 7. English is on frequent practice. 8. The date for the celebration has been __________ announced. (official) 9. The general gave a __________ that all soldiers should go to the front. 10. Mastering words and ____________ is a very important part in English learning. requested identity actually straight Fluent based officially command expressions

officials offices conquerors basic enrichments gradually 三﹑词语派生 用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。 1. Some ____________ came to our _________ yesterday. (office) 2. The ______________ thought they won after they conquered this land but in fact, they could not conquer people’s mind. (conquer) 3. We should base the ways of our behaviors on some ________ moral principles. (base) 4. We go camping from time to time to enrich our life. And these ______________ bring a lot happiness to us indeed. (enrich) 5. These two tigers ______________ accepted each other after the keepers had taken gradual and effective steps. (gradual) officials offices conquerors basic enrichments gradually

identify Fluency expression usages recognition 6. The police failed to____________ that criminal’s identity, which led to his release. (identity) 7. _________ in English may contribute to fluent French as they share a lot of similarities. (fluent) 8. I would like to express my gratitude to you all though some more feelings are beyond _________________. (express) 9. If you want to use these words, you should first master their __________. (use) 10. Most of the dead were recognized by their relatives but some were beyond _____________ as the explosion was too strong.( recognize) identify Fluency expression usages recognition

from one place to another 四﹑词组互译 将下列词组或短语翻译成中文或英语。 1. __________ _____ 由于 2. ________________ 提出，走近 3. _________________ 现在，目前 4. _______________ 利用 5. _____________ 例如 6. _______________ 扮演…角色，充当…作用 7. ________________ 在…尽头 8.__________________ 即使 9. ________________ 以…为基础 10. _________________ 起初，开始 11. ___________________________ 从一个地方到另外一个地方 because of come up at present make use of such as play a part in at the end of even if be based on at first from one place to another

12. without a second thought _________________ 13. make voyages to a place ______________ 14. English as an international language __________________ 15. a large number of ____________ 16. enrich the English language___________ 17. believe it or not______________ 18. neighboring towns _______________ 19. recognize sb as ___________ 20. become less like German __________ 没有经过深思熟虑 乘船到一个地方 英语作为一门国际语言 大量的 丰富英语这门语言 信不信由你 邻近的市镇 公认某人为 变得没有那么像德语了

五﹑词组运用 (1)根据句子所提供的语境，从第四大题中选出一个适当的词组并用其适当形式填空。 1. He ______________a good idea and shared with us at the meeting. 2. The accident happened _____________ his carelessness. 3. ______________, we have to focus on our study as the exams are coming. 4. If you want to succeed, you must _____________________ your time. 5. There are many kinds of books on the shelf, _________ novels, poems and so on. came up with because of At present make good use of such as

6. Computers are ___________________________ our society. 7. Mr. Li gave a speech _____________conference. 8. I will not go to the wedding party ____________I am invited. 9. My guess _________________what I had seen. 10. He took the action _________________________ and so he deserved the failure. 11. The beggar went __________________________ to try his luck. 12. __________, we did not know each other. But now we have become good friends. playing a very important part in at the end of even if was based on without a second thought from one place to another At first

We made an voyage to a neighboring city. (2)根据汉语意识，从上述短语中选出一个恰当的词组完成句子。 13. 不管你信不信，他已经放弃了他毕生追求的事业了。 __________________________________________ 14. 他是这个领域的权威。 ________________________________________ 15. 我们航行到了邻近的一个城市。 Believe it or not, he has given up the career to which he has devoted his whole life. He is recognized as leading specialist in this field. We made an voyage to a neighboring city.

六、介词填空 请填入恰当的介词填空。 1. It’s quite hot today ______ May. 2. I’m used to going to bed _____ midnight. 3. He is still _______ his forties but looks like a man of sixty. 4. I only know him _____ name. 5. Last week, I was at home _____ sick leave. 6. My uncle has a house ______ the sea coast _____which he often lives during his holidays with his family. for at in by on on in

7. There is an island 200 metres ______the shore. 8. They began their party _______ a song and it end______ great success. 9. The price of rice has increased ________ 6 Yuan a kilo, which means it has increased _____ one Yuan since last month. 10.______his arrival at the airport, he was arrested _______ the policemen waiting for him. off with in to by On by

Language data bank

because of 因为，由于 … voyage 航行，航海 native 本国的，本土的 come up （to) 到…(去） actually 实际上，事实上 base 以…基础 at present 目前 gradually 逐渐地 rule 统治 Danish 丹麦语 vocabulary 词汇

make use of 利用 … spelling 拼写 latter 后者 identity 身份 fluent 流利 的 Singapore 新加坡 Malaysia 马来西亚 such as 比如

More than one student wants Do you know that there is more than one kind of English in the world? 你知道世界上不止有一种英语吗？ ◆more than one +名词单数, 后面的谓语动词用单数。 Eg. ______________（不止一个学生想）to go to swim. More than one student wants ◆more than 还可以与名词、形容词、副词、动词、动名词连用，意为 “不只是，非常” Eg.他们俩远不只是同学, 他们是知心朋友。 Both of them are______________________. They are______________. much more than schoolmates close friends

because of (复合介词) + 名/代/宾从 We have made such great progress because of …and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries. because of (复合介词) + 名/代/宾从 We have made such great progress because of your help. She didn’t come to the party because of what you had said. The football match was put off because of the rain. because (连词)+ 原因状语从句 I was worried because Mary was late. He couldn’t walk as fast as the others, because his leg was injured.

He realized she was crying_______ what he had said. A. because B. because of C. as D. since B

Today, more people speak English as their first, second, or foreign language than ever before. today / yesterday / tomorrow Than ever before “比以往任何时候” The science of tomorrow. It’s colder than ever before. lily study harder than ever before. ever since 从那以后 as ever as one can 尽可能 for ever 永远

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English. native adj. 本国的, 本地的 They are native people. Taisan is my native place. She returned to her native land.

be native to “动植物---特有的’ This is a plant native to the eastern US. be native of “出生在---的人/ 原产于---的” The panda is a native of West China.

even if= (even though)是连词词组， 用来引导让步状语从句，意为 “尽管；即使” (=though, although) Eg. 尽管他很忙，他还是愿意帮我们。 即使今天下雨，我也要回家，因为我很长时间没有回家了。 He likes to help us even though he is very busy. Even if it is raining today __________,I will go home because__________ I haven’t been home for a long time.

e.g. He likes to help us ________________he is very busy. _________we have learned “even though”, we still find it difficult to use. He will not let out the secret ________he knows it. even though Even if even if We won’t give up _________ we should fail 10 times. A. even if B. since C. whether D. until A

Yes. I’d like to come up to your apartment. 1 (人)走近;上来 2 (of the sun) to rise 3 引起注意 4 (指意想不到地)发生 to occur; arise 5 出席, 参加 6 (of plants) to appear above the soil come out 出现; 结果; 出版 / come to 达到; 谈到

I'll be late home--something's just come ___ at work. A. about B. up C. out D. over B

So why has English changed over time? 那么， 英语在一段时间里为什么会起变化呢？ Over :贯穿， 经过（一段时间） e.g Over the years, he has become more patient. 经过这些年， 他边得更有耐心 e.g 周末她会来杭州。 She will come to Hangzhou over the weekend. e.g圣诞节时你在家吗？ Will you stay at home over Christmas? over 超过(=more than)， 再三 (again) over 2 minutes over and over

Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other. actually = in fact communicate vi. It’s necessary that young and old people should communicate with each other.

It was based more on German than the English we speak at present. (1) base on / upon… 以…为基础(be based on) 　 这部电影以事实为基础。 __________________________ (2) present (adj.) 　目前的, 现在的 你应该看清楚当前形势。 ________________________________________ This movie is based on facts. You should look clearly the present situation.

_______________________ e.g 他出席了昨天的会议。 _______________________ He was present at the meeting yesterday. present adj.出席的，到场的，出现的 at present(=at the present time)目前 in the present situation 在目前形势下 be present at … 出席…，在场 He bought me a computer as my birthday present. present n. 礼物

present adj.目前的, 现在的;出席的，到场的，出现的 n. 礼物 v. 给，提出，展现，显现 present v.给，提出，展现，显现 present sb. with sth.或present sth. to sb. 把…交给,颁发,授予 Eg. On his birthday,his friends________ (送给他一套读本) presented him with a series of readers. presented a series of readers to him. present adj.目前的, 现在的;出席的，到场的，出现的 n. 礼物 v. 给，提出，展现，显现

…because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. rule n. 规则，统治 v. 支配，统治 He does everything by rule. He makes it a rule to walk a half hour before breakfast The queen ruled the country. His reason ruled him anger. Danish n. 丹麦文 adj. 丹麦的，丹麦人的，丹麦文的

Shakespeare made use of a wider vocabulary than ever before. 莎士比亚使用了比以前更为广泛的词汇量。 　 ◆make use of 利用，使用 ◆ make good / full use of 　充分使用，很好地利用 ◆make no use of sth. 没有利用 Eg.我们应该充分利用好我们的资源。 _________________________________. 每一分钟都应该很好地利用。 ______________________________________ We should make good use of our resources Every minute should be made good use of.

◆ a number of 大量的（后接可数名词复数） （其后谓语动词用复数） A number of people have came. India has a very large number of fluent English speakers….. 印度有很多能讲流利英语的人….。 ◆ a number of 大量的（后接可数名词复数） （其后谓语动词用复数） A number of people have came. 许多人已经来了。 ◆ the number of …的数目 （其后谓语动词用单数） The number of homeless people has increased. 无家可归的人的数量在上升。

C B The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them ________absent for different reasons. were ; was B. was ; was C. was ; were D. were ; were C B As a result of destroying the forest, a large______ of the desert______ covered the land. A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; have

such as / for example 都是用于例举事物 He knows several languages, such as English, French and German. that is / namely (全举) for example (例举同类中的一个) Some students, for example, John, didn’t finish homework.

C Some English programs, _____ English on Sunday, Follow Me, are very helpful to us. A. for example B. according to C. such as D. because of Noise, ____, is a kind of pollution. A. such as B. take for example C. like D. for example D

rapidly rapid adj. quickly / fast / rapidly *动作敏捷,毫不迟疑 *运动着的人或物体的速度 *一个一串动作迅速,敏捷,着重动动本身 She dressed _______and went out. The train’s running five minutes______. Do you understand the _______changing world of computer technology quickly fast rapidly

request (for sth. / that) 请求;要求 request sth. (from / of sb.) request sb. to do sth. Your request will be granted. We received many requests for the book. I request him to help me. I requested that he (should) come an hour earlier. ask / beg / request

Our English teacher requested that the homework ______ tomorrow morning. A would be handed in B be handed in C hand in D must be handed in Tony is going camping with _____ boys. A little two other B two little other C two other little D little other two B D

In the end the tennis champion's greater experience began to ____ , and he won easily in the end. A. talk B. speak C. say D. tell The beauty of Hangzhou is ____ words can describe. A. more B. more than C. no more than D. contained D B

Language points for Reading II

1. standard n.&adj.标准，规格；标准的，规格的 phrases: come up to the standard meet standards set a standard standard of living by international standards from the standards on a standard a car of standard size a standard composer

2.expect Vt.(理所当然)期望，预料，认为，预期 usage: expect sb to do sth expect +that-clause expect sth expect to do sth I expect so. 我想是这样。 I expect not. I don’t expect so. 我想不是这样。

3.specially & especially adv.尤其，特别地（可缩写为esp.） expect & wait for expect 主要指心理状态（a state of mind），含有期盼的意味。 wait for 则指另一种行动（a sort of activity），特别指什么都不干而专门等待。 3.specially & especially adv.尤其，特别地（可缩写为esp.） specially: 指为某一特殊目的而专门采用的某一个方式。 especially:指有意突出到显眼或例外的程度，表达某事不寻常，过分或特别重要。

4. eastern adj. 南方的，南部的；东方的，东部的 eastern一类的词与east一类的词辨析 专有名词，尤其是所表示的地方具有明确的固定范围的专有名词，特别是政治区分，一般用east。普通名词和所指的地方没有明确的固定范围的专有名词多用eastern。 east 重点在形容方位或从哪个方向来的；而eastern则指从某一固定的地方看某一个方向，或指某物来自何方或某地朝哪个方向。

5.recognize Vt.辨认出来，承认，公认 phrases: recognize one’s voice recognize sb to be ……被承认为…… be recognized to be…… recognize that…… 注意：recognize是一个终止性动词。是指原来很熟悉，经过一段时间的间隔或别的原因后又重新认出来。

Sentence patterns 1.believe it or not ,…… e.g.. Believe it or not, there is no such a thing as standard English . 在应用such，so（如此）时应特别注意，如果作定语的词是no ，all，most，some，any，another，many，much，a few，few，little，a little，several，one.

等词语的时候，应用such，such应放置于这些词之后；若为其他形容词，such 则应该放置于这些词之前。如果修饰名词的形容词是many，much，few，little时，不能用such，而要用so，且so 要置于这些词之前。

2.play a part in 1>be involved in an activity. 参加某活动. e.g. She plays an active part in local politics. 2>make a contribution to sth; have a share in sth. 对某事起作用，有贡献；参与 e.g. She played a major part I the success of the scheme. We all have a part to play in the fight against crime.

3>be related with; have effect on sth. 与某事有关，对某事有影响 e.g. Geography also plays a part in making dialects.

Grammar

Requests and Commands Direct speech Requests: Do ... , please. Can you... ? Could you ... ? Will you ... ? Would you ... ? Commands: Do ... Don’t ...

Commands: A told/ordered B to do sth. A told/ordered B not to do sth. Indirect speech Requests: A asked B to do sth. A asked B not to do sth. Commands: A told/ordered B to do sth. A told/ordered B not to do sth.

“Look at this example,” the teacher said to us. Can you find the following command and request from Reading ? Let’s see how to retell them in indirect speech. EXAMPLES “Look at this example,” the teacher said to us. The teacher told us to look at that example. “Would you like to see my flat?” she asked. She asked me to see her flat.

Rules and practice of direct and indirect speech 当直接引语为祈使句时，转换为间接引语要用一个带动词不定式的简单句表示：

祈使句 e．g． The teacher said to me, “Come in .” 直引：主语+动词+“祈使句” 间引：主语+动词+to Verb e．g． The teacher said to me, “Come in .” ---The teacher told me to go in 。 John said to me , “Please shut the window。” ---John asked me to shut the window。 The teacher said to me, “ Don’t be late again.” ---The teacher advised me not to be late again.

特别提醒 1.祈使句变为间接引语，主要使用动词不定式。 2.谓语动词要做一定变化。 表示命令，用tell，order，command等。 表示请求，用ask，beg，request等。 表示忠告，用 advise。

Open the window. Will you please open the window? Don’t open Direct speech Indirect speech Open the window. Miss Hu told ** to open the window. told to Will you please open the window? Miss Hu asked ** to open the window. asked to Don’t open the window. Miss Hu told ** not to open the window. not

“Write a letter to your parents.” Try to do this: “Write a letter to your parents.” “Don’t play games in the classroom.” “Can you pass on the book to Tom?” “Will you please not smoke here?” The teacher told me to write a letter …. The teacher ordered me not to play games …. The teacher asked me to pass on … The teacher asked me not to smoke there.

“It is a fine day. Let’s go to the country for a picnic.” Peter said to me. Peter said that it was a fine day and asked me to go to the country for a picnic with him. Peter told me that it was a fine day and let us go to the country for a picnic.

感叹句 直引：主语+动词+“感叹句” 间引：主语+动词+陈述句   感叹句 直引：主语+动词+“感叹句” 间引：主语+动词+陈述句 e.g. He said, “ what a fine day it is !” He said , “ How fine the day is !” He said what a fine day it was . He said how fine the day was . He exclaimed that it was a fine day.

特别提醒 1. 间接感叹句的动词应该是cry 或exclaim 。 2.可以仍用what，how 等词，语序不变，也可以用that 从句，把动词 say 改为cry，shout，exclaim 等。

Practice 1.He said to Tom, “Don’t do the work any more.” He told Tom not to do the work any more. 2.Mrs. Green said, “Please sing us a song, Miss White.” 3. “Be quiet, children.” said Mrs. Wilson. Mrs. Green asked Miss White to sing them a song. Mrs. Wilson told the children to be quiet. 4. All the people cried, “What magnificent clothes these are!” All the people cried what magnificent clothes these were.