英美儿童文学 与小学英语教学 Children’s Literature in English and English Teaching in Primary Schools Meng Xianhua, Ph.D. Associate Professor English Department School of Foreign Languages Qingdao University

What is Literature?  are written texts  are marked by careful use of language, including features such as creative metaphors, well-turned phrases, elegant syntax, rhyme, alliteration, meter  are in a literary genre (poetry, prose fiction, or drama)  are read aesthetically  are intended by the author to be read aesthetically contain many weak implicatures (are deliberately somewhat open in interpretation) ---Jim Meyer  Literature is the art of written works, that is, the art of language. It is the best media to acquire language from.

What is Language Acquisition?  Language acquisition is the process by which humans acquire the capacity to perceive, produce and use words to understand and communicate Judie Haynes  Teachers of English language learners should really be developing the oral communication, reading, vocabulary, and writing skills of their young students. The grammar will take care of itself Judie Haynes

Literature & Language Acquisition  Children acquire language through a subconscious process during which they are unaware of grammatical rules. This is similar to the way they acquire their first language. They get a feel for what is and what isn’t correct. In order to acquire language, the learner needs a source of natural communication Judie Haynes  To pupils, children’s literature can be considered as the best source of natural communication.

What’s Children’s Literature? Children's literature is for readers and listeners up to about age twelve; it is often defined in four different ways: books written by children, books written for children, books chosen by children, or books chosen for children. It is often illustrated.

儿童文学的定位  广义：所有为未成年人创作的文学以 及为未成年人所喜爱的文学作品。包 括幼儿文学、儿童文学以及少年文学。  狭义：为儿童阶段所创作的文学作品， 儿童阶段指小学生，一般年龄在 6-12 岁。

儿童文学与语言习得  一个有成就的作家，能够和儿童站在一起， 善于从儿童的角度出发，以儿童的耳朵去 听，以儿童的眼睛去看，特别是以儿童的 心灵去体会，就必然会写出儿童所看得懂、 喜欢看的作品来。 —— 陈伯吹  看得懂而且喜欢看正是儿童文学的魅力所 在。对于小学阶段的儿童来说，这样既能 看得懂又能引发他们阅读兴趣的读物，必 然会对他们的语言学习产生巨大的促进作 用。

英美儿童文学与小学英语学习  相对中国儿童文学而言，英美儿童文学起 步较早、发展较快、成果较多，已形成了 一个以婴幼儿、学龄儿童为阅读对象的图 书体系。  儿童文学与其他文学相比有一个优势，那 就是它更能引起儿童浓厚的阅读、认知兴 趣。  在正确的引导下，这种浓厚的阅读兴趣有 助于小学生认识社会、认识人生、认识自 我，更有助于小学生在潜移默化中学习英 语。

Genres of Children’s Literature  Picture books( 图画书 ): including board books( 硬板书 ), concept books, pattern books, and wordless books  Traditional literature( 传统文学 ): can be further broken down into subgenres: myths, fables, ballads, legends, and fairy tales.

Genres of Children’s Literature  Fiction( 小说 ): including the sub-genres of fantasy( 幻想小说 ) and realistic fiction. This genre would also include the school story, a genre unique to children's literature in which the boarding school is a common setting.  Non-fiction( 非小说 ): biography and autobiography( 传记与自传 )  Poetry and verse( 诗歌 ): poems and nursery rhymes( 童谣 )

Picture Books  board books  concept books  pattern books  wordless books

Traditional literature  Myths （神话）  Fables （寓言）  Ballads （民谣）  Legends （传奇）  Fairy tales （童话）

Myth: How Prometheus Gave Fire to Men written by James Baldwin, adapted by Leanne Guenther, revised by Meng Xianhua -- based on Greek mythology  Many years ago, there lived a man whose name was Prometheus. He was a God on Mount Olympus. Unlike other Gods, he loved mankind so much that he was planning to make the world wiser and better than it had ever been before.

Myth: How Prometheus Gave Fire to Men written by James Baldwin, adapted by Leanne Guenther, revised by Meng Xianhua -- based on Greek mythology  Prometheus found mankind were living in caves and in holes of the earth, shivering with the cold because there was no fire.  "If they only had fire," said Prometheus to himself, "they could at least warm themselves and cook their food; and after a while they could learn to make tools and build themselves houses. Without fire, they are worse off than the beasts."

Myth: How Prometheus Gave Fire to Men written by James Baldwin, adapted by Leanne Guenther, revised by Meng Xianhua -- based on Greek mythology  Prometheus went boldly to Zeus and begged him to give fire to the people, so that they might have a little comfort through the long months of winter.  "I will not!" said Zeus, "Not one spark will I share with them! For if men had fire they might become strong and wise like us, and after a while they would drive us out of our kingdom."

Myth: How Prometheus Gave Fire to Men written by James Baldwin, adapted by Leanne Guenther, revised by Meng Xianhua -- based on Greek mythology  Prometheus didn't answer, but he had set his heart on helping mankind. As a result, he stole a spark from God Zeus. He called some of the shivering people from their caves and built a fire for them, and showed them how to warm themselves by it and use it to cook their food.

Myth: How Prometheus Gave Fire to Men written by James Baldwin, adapted by Leanne Guenther, revised by Meng Xianhua -- based on Greek mythology When Zeus realized Prometheus had given fire to mankind, he was very angry and ordered that Prometheus be chained to the side of a mountain to suffer there all the time. And there Prometheus stayed, happy in the knowledge that he had given fire to men until he was one day saved by Hercules, the son of Zeus.

学生好奇指数：★ ★ ★  “fire” 与我们的日常生活密切相关，很 多学生可能都已经对这个故事有所了 解，使用英语阅读这个故事一定兴奋 无比！  “Prometheus” 这一英雄和人类的命运、 福祉休戚相关，他的英雄事迹必将永 远为人类所传诵。

Fable: The Lion and the Mouse by Aesop  Once when a Lion was asleep a little Mouse began running up and down upon him; this soon wakened the Lion, who placed his huge paw upon him, and opened his big jaws to swallow him. "Pardon, O King," cried the little Mouse: "forgive me this time, I shall never forget it: who knows but what I may be able to do you a turn some of these days?" The Lion was so tickled at the idea of the Mouse being able to help him, that he lifted up his paw and let him go.

Fable: The Lion and the Mouse by Aesop  Some time after the Lion was caught in a trap ( 陷阱 ), and the hunters who desired to carry him alive to the King, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a wagon ( 马车 ) to carry him on. Just then the little Mouse happened to pass by, and seeing the sad plight ( 困境 ) in which the Lion was, went up to him and soon gnawed away( 咬去 ) the ropes that bound the King of the Beasts. "Was I not right?" said the little Mouse.  Moral: Little friends may prove great friends.

学生兴趣指数：★ ★ ★  儿童和动物之间有着天然的契合。动物是 儿童的好朋友，儿童最爱的玩具，最爱的 书籍大都会和动物相关。  “mouse” 这个词汇，学生在刚刚接触英语 的时候就已经掌握了（三年级上册 Unit Four ），小小的老鼠和威武无比的狮子之 间会发生怎样的故事呢？这也一定是孩子 们急于发现的答案。

Ballads: How Dry I Am collected by Laura Ross How dry I am How wet I'll be If I don't find The bathroom key I found the key Now where's the door? It's too late now It's on the floor I found the key I opened the door It's too late now Clean up the floor.

学生开心指数： ★ ★ ★  大多数儿童都会觉得 “ 上厕所 ” 的话题非常 滑稽，但是当他们读完此民谣后，都会回 想起自己尴尬的时刻，或者回忆起他人难 堪的一幕，定会会心一笑。  与 “bathroom” （五年级上册 Unit Five ） 有关，或者发生在 “bathroom” 中的故事大 都是令人捧腹的故事，令人开心的故事。 民谣中的故事也毫无例外。

Legend: The Rabbit and the Tar Baby ( 焦油娃 )by S. E. chlosser, revised  The Fox hated the Rabbit for he was always bossing everyone around. So the Fox decided to capture and kill the Rabbit! He thought and he thought until he came up with a plan. He would make a tar baby! The Fox went and got some tar and made it into the figure of a little baby. Then he stuck a hat on the Tar Baby and sat her in the middle of the road.  The Fox hid himself in the bushes near the road and he waited and waited for the Rabbit to come along. At long last, the Rabbit came. The Rabbit spotted the cute little Tar Baby. The Rabbit was surprised. He had never seen anything like it before!  “Good Morning,” said the Rabbit, doffing ( 脱下 ) his hat. "Nice weather we're having."

Legend: The Rabbit and the Tar Baby ( 焦油娃 )by S. E. chlosser  The Tar Baby said nothing. The Fox was happy to see that.  The Rabbit tried again. "And how are you feeling this fine day?"  The Tar Baby said nothing. The Fox grinned an evil grin.  The Rabbit frowned. This baby was not very polite. It was beginning to make him mad.  The Rabbit wondered if the Tar Baby were deaf. "I said 'HOW ARE YOU THIS MORNING?"  The Tar Baby said nothing. The Fox hided his laugher. His plan was working perfectly!  "Are you deaf or just rude?" demanded the Rabbit, losing his temper. "I can't stand folks that are proud!"

Legend: The Rabbit and the Tar Baby ( 焦油娃 )by S. E. chlosser  The Tar Baby just sat in the middle of the road saying nothing at all. The Fox tried very hard to hold back his laughter.  The Rabbit took a swing ( 挥拳打 ) at the cute little Tar Baby and his paw got stuck in the tar.  "Let me go or I'll hit you again," shouted the Rabbit. The Tar Baby said nothing.  "Fine! Be that way," said the Rabbit, swinging at the Tar Baby with his free paw. Now both his paws were stuck in the tar, and the Fox danced with glee behind the bushes.  The Rabbit got very angry and pounced on( 猛扑向 ) the Tar Baby with both feet. They sank deep into the Tar Baby. The Rabbit was so furious he head- butted the Tar Baby until he was completely covered with tar and unable to move.

Legend: The Rabbit and the Tar Baby ( 焦油娃 )by S. E. chlosser  The Fox leapt out of the bushes and strolled over to the Rabbit. "Well, well, what have we here?" he asked, grinning an evil grin.  The Rabbit was stuck fast. He did some fast thinking while the Fox came over to him.  "I've got you this time, Rabbit," said the Fox, “Now I wonder what I should do with you?"  The Rabbit‘s eyes got very large. “Oh please, whatever you do, please don’t throw me into the briar patch( 石楠丛 )."  "Maybe I should roast you over a fire and eat you," mused the Fox. "No, that's too much trouble. Maybe I'll hang you instead."  "Roast me! Hang me! Do whatever you please," said the Rabbit. "Only please, please don't throw me into the briar patch."

Legend: The Rabbit and the Tar Baby ( 焦油娃 )by S. E. chlosser  "If I'm going to hang you, I'll need some string," said the Fox. "And I don't have any. But the stream's not far away, so maybe I'll drown you instead."  "Drown me! Roast me! Hang me! Do whatever you please," said the Rabbit. "Only please, please don't throw me into the briar patch."  "The briar patch, eh?" said the Fox. "What a wonderful idea! You'll be torn into little pieces!"  Grabbing up the tar-covered rabbit, the Fox swung him around and around and then flung him head over heels into the briar patch. The Rabbit let out such a scream as he fell that all of the Fox's fur stood up. The Rabbit fell into the briar bushes.

Legend: The Rabbit and the Tar Baby( 焦 油娃 )by S. E. chlosser  The Fox listened carefully for whimpers( 呜咽声 ) of pain. But he heard nothing. The Fox listened for the Rabbit‘s death rattle( 临死前发出的喉音 ). He heard nothing.  Then the Fox heard someone calling his name. He turned around and looked up the hill. The Rabbit was sitting on a log combing the tar out of his fur with a wood chip( 木片 ) and looking smug( 自满 ).  "I was bred and born in the briar patch" he called. "Born and bred in the briar patch."  And the Rabbit skipped away as merry as a cricket while the Fox ground his teeth in rage and went home.

与课本紧密度★ ★ ★ ★ ★  Snake: I’m hungry. Mmm…. Here comes my tasty food. Now I can eat.  Frog: Dear snake, wait for a minute. I can do things for you.  Snake: Oh! What can you do? Can you sing?  Frog: Yes, I can sing.  Snake: Can you dance?  Frog: Yes, I can. Let me go. Then I can dance for you.  Snake: Ok. There’s a lake near here. Let me see. Can you swim?  Frog: No! Don’t throw me into the lake, please! I can’t swim.  Snake: Oh, you can’t swim.  Frog: Ha Ha! Silly snake! Now I can run away. Bye.  （五年级 上册 P55 ）

学生喜欢指数：★ ★ ★ ★ ★  勇敢机智的兔子战胜了阴险狡猾的狐狸， 真是再狡猾的狐狸也斗不过兔子的智慧。  传奇中的兔子与课文中的青蛙逃生的方式 有异曲同工之妙，可见，在动物界，也同 样是英雄所见略同。

Fairy Tales: The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears  Once upon a time, there was a little girl named Goldilocks. She went for a walk in the forest. Pretty soon, she came upon a house. She knocked and, when no one answered, she walked right in.  At the table in the kitchen, there were three bowls of porridge. Goldilocks was hungry. She tasted the porridge from the first bowl.  "This porridge is too hot!" she exclaimed.  So, she tasted the porridge from the second bowl.  "This porridge is too cold," she said  So, she tasted the last bowl of porridge.

Fairy Tales: The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears  "Ahhh, this porridge is just right," she said happily and she ate it all up.  After she'd eaten the three bears' breakfasts she decided she was feeling a little tired. So, she walked into the living room where she saw three chairs. Goldilocks sat in the first chair to rest her feet.  "This chair is too big!" she exclaimed.  So she sat in the second chair.  “This chair is too big, too!” she whined( 嘀 咕 ).

Fairy Tales: The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears  So she tried the last and smallest chair.  "Ahhh, this chair is just right," she sighed. But just as she settled down into the chair to rest, it broke into pieces!  Goldilocks was very tired by this time, so she went upstairs to the bedroom. She lay down in the first bed, but it was too hard. Then she lay in the second bed, but it was too soft. Then she lay down in the third bed and it was just right. Goldilocks fell asleep.

Fairy Tales: The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears  As she was sleeping, the three bears came home.  “Someone‘s been eating my porridge,” growled( 咆 哮 ) the Papa bear.  "Someone's been eating my porridge," said the Mama bear.  "Someone's been eating my porridge and they ate it all up!" cried the Baby bear.  "Someone's been sitting in my chair," growled the Papa bear.  "Someone's been sitting in my chair," said the Mama bear.

Fairy Tales: The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears  "Someone's been sitting in my chair and they've broken it all to pieces," cried the Baby bear.  They decided to look around some more and when they got upstairs to the bedroom, Papa bear growled, “Someone‘s been sleeping in my bed.”  "Someone's been sleeping in my bed, too" said the Mama bear

Fairy Tales: The Story of Goldilocks and the Three Bears  "Someone's been sleeping in my bed and she's still there!" exclaimed Baby bear.  Just then, Goldilocks woke up and saw the three bears. She screamed, "Help!" And she jumped up and ran out of the room. Goldilocks ran down the stairs, opened the door, and ran away into the forest. And she never returned to the home of the three bears.

学生欣赏指数：★ ★ ★  “bear” 是儿童最喜欢的动物之一，每 个儿童都会有一些 “bear” 玩具。  “bear” 更是各种文学作品青睐的宠儿。 在这个童话中， “bear” 还是金发小姑 娘垂青的对象，尤其是那只 “baby bear” ，他的一切都是 Goldilocks 垂涎 和欣赏的对象。

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  Every afternoon, as they were coming from school, the children used to go and play in the Giant's garden.  It was a large lovely garden, with soft green grass. Here and there over the grass stood beautiful flowers like stars, and there were twelve peach-trees that in the spring-time broke out into delicate blossoms of pink and pearl, and in the autumn bore rich fruit. The birds sat on the trees and sang so sweetly that the children used to stop their games in order to listen to them. "How happy we are here!" they cried to each other.  One day the Giant came back. He had been to visit his friend the Cornish ogre, and had stayed with him for seven years. After the seven years were over he had said all that he had to say, for his conversation was limited, and he determined to return to his own castle. When he arrived he saw the children playing in the garden.

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  "What are you doing here?" he cried in a very gruff voice, and the children ran away.  "My own garden is my own garden," said the Giant; "any one can understand that, and I will allow nobody to play in it but myself." So he built a high wall all round it, and put up a notice-board.  TRESPASSERS WILL BE PROSECUTED  He was a very selfish Giant.  The poor children had now nowhere to play. They tried to play on the road, but the road was very dusty and full of hard stones, and they did not like it. They used to wander round the high wall when their lessons were over, and talk about the beautiful garden inside. "How happy we were there," they said to each other.

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  Then the Spring came, and all over the country there were little blossoms and little birds. Only in the garden of the Selfish Giant it was still winter. The birds did not care to sing in it as there were no children, and the trees forgot to blossom. Once a beautiful flower put its head out from the grass, but when it saw the notice-board it was so sorry for the children that it slipped back into the ground again, and went off to sleep. The only people who were pleased were the Snow and the Frost. “Spring has forgotten this garden,” they cried, “so we will live here all the year round.” The Snow covered up the grass with her great white cloak, and the Frost painted all the trees silver. Then they invited the North Wind to stay with them, and he came. He was wrapped in furs, and he roared all day about the garden, and blew the chimney-pots( 烟囱顶管 ) down. "This is a delightful spot," he said, "we must ask the Hail on a visit." So the Hail came. Every day for three hours he rattled on the roof of the castle till he broke most of the slates, and then he ran round and round the garden as fast as he could go. He was dressed in grey, and his breath was like ice.

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  "I cannot understand why the Spring is so late in coming," said the Selfish Giant, as he sat at the window and looked out at his cold white garden; "I hope there will be a change in the weather."  And the Giant's heart melted as he looked out. "How selfish I have been!" he said; "now I know why the Spring would not come here. I will put that poor little boy on the top of the tree, and then I will knock down the wall, and my garden shall be the children's playground for ever and ever." He was really very sorry for what he had done.

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  So he crept downstairs and opened the front door quite softly, and went out into the garden. But when the children saw him they were so frightened that they all ran away, and the garden became winter again. Only the little boy did not run, for his eyes were so full of tears that he did not see the Giant coming. And the Giant stole up behind him and took him gently in his hand, and put him up into the tree. And the tree broke at once into blossom, and the birds came and sang on it, and the little boy stretched out his two arms and flung them round the Giant's neck, and kissed him. And the other children, when they saw that the Giant was not wicked any longer, came running back, and with them came the Spring. "It is your garden now, little children," said the Giant, and he took a great axe and knocked down the wall. And when the people were going to market at twelve o'clock they found the Giant playing with the children in the most beautiful garden they had ever seen.

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  All day long they played, and in the evening they came to the Giant to bid him good-bye.  "But where is your little companion?" he said: "the boy I put into the tree." The Giant loved him the best because he had kissed him.  "We don't know," answered the children; "he has gone away."  "You must tell him to be sure and come here to-morrow," said the Giant. But the children said that they did not know where he lived, and had never seen him before; and the Giant felt very sad.

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  Every afternoon, when school was over, the children came and played with the Giant. But the little boy whom the Giant loved was never seen again. The Giant was very kind to all the children, yet he longed for his first little friend, and often spoke of him. "How I would like to see him!" he used to say.  Years went over, and the Giant grew very old and feeble. He could not play about any more, so he sat in a huge armchair, and watched the children at their games, and admired his garden. "I have many beautiful flowers," he said; "but the children are the most beautiful flowers of all."

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  One winter morning he looked out of his window as he was dressing. He did not hate the Winter now, for he knew that it was merely the Spring asleep, and that the flowers were resting.  Suddenly he rubbed his eyes in wonder, and looked and looked. It certainly was a marvellous sight. In the farthest corner of the garden was a tree quite covered with lovely white blossoms. Its branches were all golden, and silver fruit hung down from them, and underneath it stood the little boy he had loved.  Downstairs ran the Giant in great joy, and out into the garden. He hastened across the grass, and came near to the child. And when he came quite close his face grew red with anger, and he said, "Who hath dared to wound thee?" For on the palms of the child's hands were the prints of two nails, and the prints of two nails were on the little feet.

Fantasy:The Selfish Giant by Wilde  "Who hath dared to wound thee?" cried the Giant; "tell me, that I may take my big sword and slay him."  "Nay!" answered the child; "but these are the wounds of Love."  "Who art thou?" said the Giant, and a strange awe fell on him, and he knelt before the little child.  And the child smiled on the Giant, and said to him, "You let me play once in your garden, to-day you shall come with me to my garden, which is Paradise."  And when the children ran in that afternoon, they found the Giant lying dead under the tree, all covered with white blossoms.

学生渴望认同指数： ★ ★ ★  巨人的自私行为让他尝到了自私的恶 果，也让儿童认识到了自私既害己又 不利人的本性。  能够成为巨人花园中的儿童，给花园 带来春天、给巨人带来快乐，并成为 巨人的好朋友，这一定是每一个儿童 的愿望和梦想。

Realistic Fiction: The Boy Who Cried "Wolf!"  THERE was once a shepherd-boy who kept his flock at a little distance from the village. Once he thought he would play a trick on the villagers and have some fun at their expense. So he ran toward the village crying out, with all his might: "Wolf! Wolf! Come and help! The wolves are at my lambs!"  The kind villagers left their work and ran to the field to help him. But when they got there the boy laughed at them for their pains; there was no wolf there.

Realistic Fiction: The Boy Who Cried "Wolf!"  Still another day the boy tried the same trick, and the villagers came running to help and were laughed at again.  Then one day a wolf did break into the fold and began killing the lambs. In great fright, the boy ran for help. "Wolf! Wolf!" he screamed. "There is a wolf in the flock! Help!"

Realistic Fiction: The Boy Who Cried "Wolf!"  The villagers heard him, but they thought it was another mean trick; no one paid the least attention, or went near him. And the shepherd-boy lost all his sheep.  That is the kind of thing that happens to people who lie: even when they do tell the truth they will not be believed.

学生熟悉指数：★ ★ ★ ★ ★  诚信是中华民族的传统美德，是一种 无形的力量，更是一种无形的财富。 大多数儿童都是在听着 “ 狼来了 ” 的故 事中建立起自己对诚信的最初概念。 关于诚信，故事中的男孩为我们上了 一堂最生动的人生之课。

Biography: Thomas A. Edison (1847 – 1931)  Thomas Alva Edison was called Alva, or Al by his family. He was a very curious child. He was always asking questions. Even his mother, who had once been a schoolteacher could not answer all his questions. He would experiment to try to find the answers. Once he tried to hatch some eggs by sitting on them. Another time he accidently burned down the family's barn.  The teacher told someone she thought there was something wrong with Alva; that he was "addled". He told his mother and they took him out of the school. He only went to school for 3 months in his whole life. Afterwards, he was taught at home.

Biography: Thomas A. Edison (1847 – 1931)  He wanted to experiment. To make money for his experiments, he went to work at age 12 selling newspapers and candy on a train. When he had some spare time on the train, he would do experiments in the baggage car.  When he was 16 he went to work for the telegraph office sending messages.  He became nearly deaf due to an injury to his ears. He later said he didn't mind being deaf because it helped him to concentrate.

Biography: Thomas A. Edison (1847 – 1931)  When he was 22 years old he went to New York. He only had $1 in his pocket. He hunted for a job during the day, and at night he slept in the basement of a gold company. He watched everything around him very closely. Some equipment broke down and Edison was able to fix it because he had been watching it work before he went to sleep each night. The owners gave him a job. He improved the machine so much the company paid him $40,000 for his invention. He started the American Telegraph Works in New Jersey.

Biography: Thomas A. Edison (1847 – 1931)  He built a laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey. It was here with his employees he made many of his inventions. He would work night after night, and sometimes he would fall asleep at his workbench. His wife wouldn't see him for days at a time.  He and his team worked to make a light bulb which would burn for a long time without burning out. They tried 1,500 materials and nothing worked well. Finally he tried a new material in the filament ( 细丝 ) that burned nearly 200 hours.

Biography: Thomas A. Edison (1847 – 1931)  After he had made the light bulb, he worked to make a power system so people could use the bulb. In 1882 he flipped a switch and 85 houses in New York City had electric lights for the first time.  Thomas Edison was probably the world‘s greatest inventor. He had a patenton 1,093 inventions. In addition to the electric light, he also invented the phonograph, a camera to take motion pictures, a cement mixer, the automatic telegraph, and he improved Alexander Graham Bell's telephone.

学生关心指数：★ ★ ★ ★  爱迪生这个曾不为老师待见的学生，却在 好奇心的驱使下成为举世闻名的电学家和 发明家。他除了在留声机、电灯、电话、 电报、电影等方面的发明和贡献以外，还 在矿业、建筑业、化工等领域有不少著名 的创造和真知灼见。爱迪生一生共有约两 千项创造发明，为人类的文明和进步作出 了巨大的贡献。爱迪生孵小鸡、发明灯泡 的故事我们自小就耳熟能详。读了此篇传 记后，我们对爱迪生有了更多的了解。

Poetry: Monday's Child  Monday's child is fair of face,  Tuesday's child is full of grace,  Wednesday's child is full of woe  Thursday's child has far to go,  Friday's child is loving and giving,  Saturday's child works hard for its living,  And a child that's born on the Sabbath day  Is blithe and bonny and good and gay.

学生关注指数：★ ★ ★  星座如今已经成为了谈笑间的时尚话题。 星座能够让大家更好地了解自己、了解他 人。在西方，星相学由来已久。星相学家 认为，天体，尤其是行星和星座，都以某 种因果性或非偶然性的方式预示人间万物 的变化。这首小诗就试图对从周日到周六 出生的人的命运作出预测。  本诗也是学习一周七天表达法的好素材。

Nursery Rhymes: What Are Little Boys Made Of?  What are little boys made of?  Frogs and snails and puppy-dogs' tails,  And that are little boys made of.  What are little girls made of?  Sugar and spice and all things nice,  And that are little girls made of.

Nursery Rhymes: What Are Little Boys Made Of?  What are young men made of?  Sighs and leers, and crocodile tears,  And that are young men made of.  What are young women made of?  Ribbons and laces, and sweet pretty faces,  And that are young women made of.

学生热望探索指数：★ ★ ★ ★  曹雪芹借贾宝玉之口道出了一句被许 多人奉为经典的话： “ 女儿是水做的骨 肉，男人是泥做的骨肉。 ” 看到童谣的 题目后，儿童一定急于想看看西方人 眼中的男女两性是怎样的。读过这首 童谣，我们就会发现，人世间的很多 东西都具有普世的价值。

实用网站   提供各种题材的分级读物   提供各种童话、童谣、歌曲、教学活动方案   提供各种经典文本   提供各种美国民间故事、童话、传奇   提供各种免费提供各种儿童书籍  =feature =feature  提供各种经典儿童文学作品   提供各种各种儿童睡前故事

寄语  把英美儿童文学应用于英语教学（包括大 学英语教学）一直是本人的一点想法和夙 愿。本人坚信，从能读得懂的文学作品中 学习英语，一定会事半功倍！  基于各种各样的原因，本人所提出的想法、 所设计的方案不一定会在每一所学校实施。 本课的宗旨在于抛砖引玉，如果您能在未 来的教学中有所尝试，本人将不胜感激！

附录：国际儿童读物  国际儿童读物联盟 The International Board on Books for Young People (IBBY) 网址：  国际儿童读物联盟中国分会网址：

附录：英美与儿童文学有关的期刊、网站  美国的英语儿童刊物和网站有 《合恩书刊》网站： 《狮子和独角兽》网站： 《五只猫头鹰》网站： 《儿童文学协会季刊》网站： 《儿童读物中心报告（公告）》网站： 《学校图书馆期刊》网站： 《青春的宣言》网站： 《奇迹和传说：童话研究刊物》网站：  英国英语儿童文学刊物及网站有 《狂欢的宴会》 《儿童文学和图书馆长评论》 《学校图书馆员》

附录：世界著名儿童文学奖项  汉斯 · 克里斯蒂安 · 安徒生奖 (Hans Andersen Award): 国际儿童读物联盟最著名的活动之一，每两年给一名儿 童图书的作家和插图画家授奖，被称之为 “ 小诺贝尔奖 ” 。 丹麦女王 H·R·H· 玛格丽特是这项奖的赞助人。该奖项从 1956 年起至今已经授予了 26 位作家。从 1996 年起至今 已经授予了 20 位插图画家。  纽伯瑞儿童文学奖 (Newbery Medal): 纽伯瑞是英国著 名出版家，因开创了现代英美儿童文学的发展道路而被 誉为 “ 儿童文学之父 ” 。为纪念他， 1922 年美国图书馆协 会设立了此奖，它与安徒生奖齐名，每年颁发一次，奖 励对象为上一年次出版的英语儿童文学作品，每年颁发 金奖一部、银奖一部或数部。

附录：世界著名儿童文学奖项  考迪考特奖 (the Caldecott Medal): 考迪考特奖 源对十九世纪英国插图画家伦道夫 · 考迪考特的 尊敬而命名的，每年由美国图书馆协会为儿童服 务的分支机构授予最杰出的美国儿童图画书艺术 家。  林格伦奖 (Lindgren Medal): 瑞典政府于 2003 年 设立，以纪念 2003 年去世的儿童文学女作家阿 丝曲德 · 林格伦，每年颁奖一次。

后记  在把英美儿童文学应用于英语教学时， 如果您有任何问题、建议或反馈，您 可以给我写信，我们可以就此话题进 行继续的交流。写信时请详细说明您 所在的学校、学生的年级、人数等相 关信息。  我的

谢谢观看！ 请多指教！