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年份 数量 考点 2013 2012 2011 四 川 山 东 天 津 江 西 江西 主旨大意 1 完成句子

年份 数量 考点 2013 2012 2011 四 川 山 东 天 津 江 西 江西 细节理解 5 1 3 2 同义词指代 或解释

年份 数量 考点 2013 2012 2011 四 川 山 东 天 津 江 西 江西 写作方法、目的 1 开放性问题

(2013·四川高考) 阅读下面短文, 并按照题目要求用英语回答问题(请注意问题后的词数要求)。 A nurse of 78 this weekend celebrates 60 years of walking the wards—and she has no plans to retire. Jackie Reid was 18 when she started work in 1953—when the National Health Service (NHS) was just five years old—and is believed to be the oldest nurse in Britain.

The diabetes(糖尿病)specialist had to retire at 65 but returned as a nurse within two weeks and still does up to four seven-and-a-half hour shifts(轮班)each week. Mrs Reid said: “Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job. Working for the NHS has been my life. I have no other hobbies because I have worked all my life. ”

　 Jackie has worked at a number of different hospitals—including one in Scotland. 　　Her specialist field has been diabetes for the past 40 years. She retrained after her 12-year-old daughter Michelle developed the disease. She currently works at Southend Hospital, Essex. 　　Over the last 60 years she has treated tens of thousands of patients.

Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts Jackie believes nursing should be protected from government cuts. She said: “There’re lots of things I would say to the government. If you are going to get good care you have to have the resources(资源), you can’t do it without enough money. They shouldn’t need the cuts that there are in the NHS. It’s hard now because there’s a shortage of staff. ” Jackie has lived alone in Grays, Essex, since her husband died three years ago.

The couple have two daughters Michelle, 50, and Karen, 54. 　　Jackie added: “My youngest daughter worries about me—she doesn’t think I should work as much as I do. I constantly say‘don’t worry about me, I’m fine’, but she never believes me. I don’t like the thought of giving it up and will try to keep going forever. ”

1. In which year was the NHS set up? (within 2 words) ___________________________________________________ 2. What does Jackie think of nursing? (within 6 words) 3. When did Jackie retrain in the field of diabetes? (within 6 words)

4. What does Jackie wish the government to do? (within 7 words) ___________________________________________________ 5. Why does Jackie’s daughter worry about her? (within 8 words)

【文章大意】本文讲述了一名78岁的女护士庆祝自己穿梭于病房60年的经历及今后继续从事护士工作的打算。

1. 【解析】In 1948. 　细节理解题。由第二段可知Jackie从1953年开始工作, 当时NHS已经5岁了, 所以NHS成立于1948年。 2. 【解析】It’s hard but she loves it. 　细节理解题。根据第四段Jackie所说的话“Nursing is hard if you do it correctly but I love my job. ”可知答案。 3. 【解析】After her daughter developed diabetes. 　细节理解题。根据第六段前两句话可知答案。

4. 【解析】Not to make cuts in nursing 4. 【解析】Not to make cuts in nursing. 　细节理解题。根据文中倒数第四段, 特别是其中的第一句话和Jackie所说的最后两句话可知答案。 5. 【解析】Because she thinks her mother works too hard. 　细节理解题。根据最后一段中的My youngest daughter worries about me—she doesn’t think I should work as much as I do. 可知答案。

热点考向 1 主旨大意  1. 考查方式: (1)文章的标题; (2)文章大意或段落大意; (3)作者的写作意图。 2. 常见命题形式及回答形式: (1)命题形式 ①What is the main idea of the second paragraph? ②What is the main idea of the article?

③What is the best title of the passage? ④For what purpose does the author mention. . . in Paragraph one? ⑤What is the purpose of the writer writing the passage?

(2)回答形式 ①名词短语/动名词短语 ②What/How/Whether+从句/to. . . ③Why +名词性从句 ④To tell us that/To show us that/To inform us that. . . ⑤To give us useful tips/advice on how to. . . ⑥To encourage/persuade/warn us to do. . .

3. 突破技巧: (1)抓大意: 文章的标题实际上是对文章大意最简洁的概括, 标题与文章大意息息相关, 在弄清文章大意的基础上, 用简练的一句话或短语概括出文章的标题, 但不能太大、太笼统,要具体到某一个点或面上, 要有一定的针对性。 (2)定主题: 文章的大意和文章的主题句总是一脉相承的, 一般都在第一段或最后一段表明, 某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾, 在寻找主题句或中心段时, 要注意一些表归纳关系的信号词, 通过归纳分析, 总结出大意。

(3)明意图: 作者的写作意图往往就是通过分析文章的主旨大意后得出来的, 所以抓住了文章的主旨大意就抓住了文章的灵魂。 注意: 做好这类题目的关键是要从整体上把握文章, 找出整篇文章的关键词, 关键词往往映射了文章的内容。同时还要分清主旨和细节、把握好部分和整体的关系, 不能以偏概全。

【典例】 　(2012·山东高考) [2]So, when Ashley was sixteen, she launched her own website, called Goose Head. She had no idea how big a success it would be, but three years later, the site was the most successful teen site in the USA! It was getting 100, 000 hits every day, and Ashley had about 30 employees. . . .

What is the main idea of Paragraph 2? (no more than 6 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】Ashley’s GooseHead was a big success. 【点拨】本段说的是Ashley创办网站, 后面的叙述都是说的网站的成功, 关键词是success, 通过归纳得出答案。

【跟踪演练】 (2011·山东高考) [3]So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life back in balance. Make sure you resist the urge to answer every message you receive, and consider leaving your mobile phone behind occasionally when you go out. Most importantly, make a point of spending

quality time with friends and family, and make time to re-learn the art of face-to-face conversation instead of conducting your relationships by means of text messages. Not only will you save time and money, but you may also rediscover the pleasure of true communication. 　　. . .

What is the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 8 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】How to get rid of text addiction.

热点考向 2 完成句子  1. 考查方式: 在原文句中挖空, 根据要求补充完整。 2. 常见命题形式: ①Please fill in the blank in the passage with proper words or phrases. ②Fill in the blank in Paragraph 3 with a proper sentence.

3. 突破技巧: (1)找关系: 做此类题时一定要注意整体理解, 上下推敲, 弄清上下文之间的逻辑关系, 特别要注意文中表示递进、并列、对比、转折、因果等关系的关联词的使用。 (2)看语境: 充分考虑整句话的语言环境, 注意前后句子的言外之意, 确定出大体的结构思路及形式。

(3)精表达: 根据上下文的需要添加适当的内容, 语言一定要精炼, 做到全面整合、精简到位。 注意: 答题过程中既要保证上下文的连贯性, 也要注意语法的规范与正确, 要使用单词、短语或句子的正确形式填空。最后, 把答案放到原句中, 看是否通顺切题, 是否符合作者原本的表达思想和意图。

【典例】 　 (2012·山东高考) [4]In an interview Ashley gave advice to teenagers who wanted to start their own business, “Just be strong and have your dreams and work hard at them. And don’t listen when　　　　, because I heard‘no’a lot. Just keep going until you hear‘yes’! ” . . .

Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words.                                                                                                             【答案】people tell you that you can’t do it 【点拨】此题是补全句子题, 考查上下文理解和补全句子的能力。通过空格后面的从句“because I heard‘no’a lot”以及“Just keep going until you hear‘yes’! ”可知答案应为“不要听从别人的否定意见和态度”。

【跟踪演练】 (2012·江西高考) [1]Stamp collectors usually collect stamps only from certain countries or regions. The traditional method of stamp collecting is to organize stamp collection according to the issue dates. [2]Of course, there are many　　　　. You can collect stamps relating to a particular theme. . . .

Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words. (no more than 5 words) Of course, there are many　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　. 【答案】other methods of collecting stamps

热点考向 3 细节理解/封闭性问题  1. 考查方式: 根据文章中的某个细节回答问题或者列举事实。 2. 常见命题形式及回答形式: (1)命题形式 ①What advice is given in the last paragraph? ②What is the writer's problem according to the passage? ③How does the author solve the problem according to Paragraph 2?

(2)回答形式 ①Why→Because ②What→句子、名词或动名词 ③列举→名词、动名词 ④How→By doing

3. 突破技巧: (1)准定位: 答案一般固定, 根据题干中的定位词寻找信息句, 一般能找到准确出处。 (2)巧表达: 根据需要对信息句进行重组、整合, 大多不能照抄原句, 需要适度整合, 同时注意答题规范和词数限制。

【典例】 (2012·山东高考) [3]After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about how to design a website and start a business. It begins with a section called “All About Ashley”, where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen.

“I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen—I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too! ” . . .

According to Paragraph 3, what did Ashley do after GooseHead closed down? (no more than 10 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】She wrote a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. 【点拨】根据文章After a few years, the website closed down. Then Ashley, who lives in Los Angeles, was asked to write a book called The GooseHead Guide to Life. The book is about. . . 只要找准文章中相关信息位置, 就不难找到问题出处, 同时结合题目要求概括一下就可得出答案。

【跟踪演练】 (2012·天津高考) [1]. . . Like many young athletes, she had Olympic dreams, but a serious illness kept her from competing in the Games. . . . What prevented Nyad from taking part in the Olympic Games? (No more than 5 words)                                                                                                             【答案】A serious illness(did).

热点考向 4 同义词指代或解释  1. 考查方式: (1)考查画线代词it, they, them, one等所指代的上文中出现的词; (2)解释某个画线词的含义或者找出替代词, 它们往往与篇章中 的其他词关系密切。

2. 答题技巧: (1)明出处: 画线词所指代的词在上文中出现, 与画线词距离近, 关系密切, 一般出现在本句中或者上一句中。 (2)准表达: 回答这类问题时代词一般用原文中的词语替代,其他词要么需要总结概括, 要么用原词替代。注意形式正确, 特别是单复数形式。

【典例】 　(2011·江西高考) [5]To sum up, while televised sport has created many opportunities and benefited certain people and clubs very much, it has also been responsible for changing the nature of live sports events for ever. . . .

What does the word“it”(Paragraph 5)probably refer to What does the word“it”(Paragraph 5)probably refer to? (no more than 3 words)                                                                                                             【答案】Televised sport. 【点拨】根据答题技巧, 我们到上文中寻找, 看到主语是televised sport, it. . . 紧承上文, 所以it指代的答案就是上文的主语televised sport。

【跟踪演练】 (2012·天津高考) [1]. . . As a long-distance swimmer, she would compete against herself and theobstaclespresented by distance, danger, cold, and exhaustion. 　　. . . What does the underlined word“obstacles”mean? (1 word)                                                                                                             【答案】Difficulties/Problems/Trouble(s)/Challenges.

热点考向 5 写作方法/写作目的  1. 考查方式: 以回答问题的形式对文章结构或写作目的进行提问, 回答问题。 2. 常见命题形式及回答形式: (1)命题形式 ①How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? ②How is the passage organized? ③Why does the author take. . . for example? ④What’s the writer’s purpose of. . . ?

(2)回答形式 ①By telling a story. ②By making comparisons. ③By giving examples. ④By raising/asking questions. ⑤By quoting / using experts’words. ⑥By introducing / listing small titles. ⑦By providing data. ⑧By following order of time. ⑨To prove that / convince us that / make us believe that. . . +文章主旨或段落中心

3. 解题技巧: (1)析结构: 认真分析文章的结构层次, 弄清文章的脉络和写作手法。 (2)探意图: 根据文章的大意以及故事情节来推测作者的写作意图等。 注意: 解答这类题目时关键是通览全篇, 认真体会作者的话外音。

【典例】 (2013·吉安模拟) [4]If teacher and learner roles are not interchangeable, what then can be done through teaching that will aid the child in exploring knowledge? Smith has one principal rule for all teaching instructions. “Make learning to read easy, which means making reading a meaningful, enjoyable and frequent experience for children. ”

How does the author develop Paragraph 4? (no more than 5 words) 【答案】By raising and answering questions/quotations. 【点拨】仔细审题, 此题考查作者组织文章的方式, 即如何提出话题。分析本文的文体是议论文, 议论文的写作结构是“引出话题——陈述论点——论证论点——小结论点”, 通过第一句可以看出引出话题的方式是通过问问题。

【跟踪演练】 (2013·德州模拟) [1]Are you on Facebook almost every hour of the day? Do you think about being on Facebook even when you are not? If so, you’re suffering from Facebook addiction. Just like any other type of addiction, it can be harmful to a person’s overall life. However, following the few tips can help yourself overcome it. . . .

How does the author introduce the topic of the passage How does the author introduce the topic of the passage? (no more than 5 words)                                                                                                             【答案】By raising /asking questions.

热点考向 6 开放性问题  1. 考查方式: 根据文章内容, 用why, how等提问, 根据提问回答 问题, 一般有两类: (1)原文提示型: 文中有相应提示, 通读全文根据原文找出答案, 可以排除无用的词汇和句子, 理清要点, 回答要言简意赅; (2)自由发挥型: 文中没有提示, 要求结合个人观点、经验自由 发挥, 围绕文章的中心观点列出要点。

2. 常见命题形式及回答形式: (1)命题形式 ①What would you do if you were. . . ? ②What other suggestions would you give to solve the problem mentioned? ③How would you settle the problem if you were. . . ? ④What’s the writer’s attitude towards. . . ?

(2)回答形式 根据句子的提问形式, 采用相应的句式来回答, 如针对作者态度的回答: ①He is in favour of /against /opposed to. . . ②He is positive/optimistic/negative about. . . ③He approves of /objects to/doubts. . . ④He is objective /neutral.

3. 突破技巧: (1)有度: 尽管此类题目是开放性问题, 但是自由发挥要有度, 切记要根据文章来答题, 不能离题万里。 (2)有数: 一定围绕题目要求答题, 注意词数限制等。

【典例】 　(2012·山东高考) [3]. . . It begins with a section called“All About Ashley, ”where Ashley tells readers what it is like to be the boss of a company when you are only sixteen. “I was so happy. But it was crazy in a lot of ways. I got very stressed. I mean, I was only sixteen—I didn’t even have a car! If you were sixteen and you had your own company, you’d be stressed, too! . . .

How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company How did Ashley feel as a young boss of a company? (no more than 5 words)                                                                                                             【答案】She felt happy but stressed. 【点拨】这个问题属于文中有相应提示, 通读全文根据原文找出答案的类型, 难度不大, 关键在于提炼总结, 根据原文中的关键词happy, but, stressed等, 排除无用的词汇和句子, 概括出答案。

【跟踪演练】 (2012·天津高考) [4]When Nyad ended her career as a swimmer, she continued to try new things—travelling the world as a reporter, writing books and giving public speeches about her life. Diana Nyad works to inspire others, just as she did when she swam the waters of the world. . . .

Please explain how you are inspired by Nyad. (No more than 20 words)                                                                                                             【答案】I am encouraged by her determination and strong will. Or: I am inspired by her courage and strong desire to succeed. Or: From her I learned that once we set a goal, we should try hard to achieve it. Or: We should never give up in the face of difficulty/failure. Or: We should never stop trying new things and we may achieve success in different fields.

热点考向 7 同义句替换或解释  1. 考查方式: 根据所给的英文释义, 找出短文中与之意思相同 的句子; 用英语解释画线的句子。 2. 答题技巧: (1)定准位: 首先要弄懂给出的句子意思, 然后根据句子中的关键词到原文中查找相关词、相似词, 特别是表示时间、地 点的提示词。

(2)写准句: 注意抄写规范、清晰, 不可出现多词的现象, 也不可出现只写几个词, 其他部分用省略符号代替的问题, 标点符号等都要准确无误。 (3)巧替换: 对于今年山东卷新出现的这种用英语解释画线句子的题型, 在答题时要做到吃透句意, 巧妙替换, 合理解释。一是改变句式, 使用不同的句式表达相同的意思; 二是利用同义词、短语对重点词语、短语进行解释。

【典例】 (2013·山东高考) [3]Getty loved to make money and loved to save it. In spite of his great wealth, Getty was a miser. Every evening, he wrote down every cent he spent that day. He even put pay telephones in the guests’bedrooms in his house so he could save money on phone bills.

Explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3.                                                                                                             【答案】Although Getty had a lot of money, he was a mean person. 【点拨】利用Although Getty had a lot of money来代替同义句In spite of his great wealth, 根据上下文语境可推断出miser意思为吝啬鬼, 守财奴, 故用a mean person来解释miser。

【跟踪演练】 　　[2]Regular, brisk walks help a person’s body work better. Walking builds a stronger heart and lungs. The heart pumps blood through the body. It gets more rest between beats. Walking also seems to help protect the heart from heart diseases. The lungs work better because they take in and use oxygen more effectively. Walking can help　　　, too. A quick

fifteen-minute walk burns as many calories as jogging the same distance in half the time. Walking causes very few injuries. So there is also a lower“dropout”rate among walkers than among runners. People are more likely to continue a walking program. This gives a better chance for success. . . .

Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? Compared to running, more people can continue walking as a form of exercise.                                                                                                             【答案】So there is also a lower“dropout”rate among walkers than among runners.

热点考向 8 翻译句子  1. 考查方式: 在文章中对某个意义相对完整的句子画线, 根据 要求翻译成汉语。 2. 答题技巧: (1)析结构: 在做翻译题的时候, 把握好句子结构很关键, 并判断句子成分间的关系。 (2)信达雅: 一定要结合句子所在的情景进行理解和翻译, 并且既要符合句子原意, 又要注意汉语句子的通顺和连贯, 尽量符合汉语表达习惯, 做到通顺、自然。

　【典例】 (2010·山东高考) [3]. . . When parents have all this information they can better direct their kids toward positive things in life. They also have better chance to reduce the possibility that children will get involved with alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drugs.

Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 3 into Chinese.                                                                                                             【答案】父母也有更好的机会来减少孩子沾染烟、酒和毒品的可能性。/父母也更有可能降低子女染上吸烟、酗酒、吸毒等不良习惯的几率。 【点拨】本句中的翻译结构是have chance to do sth. , possibility后面跟了一个同位语从句, 是对possibility的修饰, 可以翻译成定语。

【跟踪演练】 (2013·济宁二模) [4]“That’s right, ”Socrates continued. “Before you talk to me about my friend, it might be a good idea to take a moment and filter(过滤)what you’re going to say. The first filter is truth. Have you made absolutely sure that what you are about to tell me is true? ” Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 into Chinese.                                                                                                             【答案】你是否已确信你要告诉我的是真实的?

1 (2013·成都模拟) Many women today have the freedom to decide when they will have children, if they want them. Until about fifty years ago, women spent most of their adult lives having children, year after year. This changed because of efforts by activists like Margaret Sanger. She believed that a safe and sure method of preventing pregnancy(怀孕)was a necessary condition for women’s freedom. She also believed birth control was necessary for human progress.

She said that watching her mother suffer from having too many children made her feel strongly about birth control. Her mother died at forty-eight years of age after eighteen pregnancies. She had to care for her father and her ten surviving brothers and sisters. This experience led her to become a nurse.

Margaret worked in the poor areas of New York City Margaret worked in the poor areas of New York City. Most people there had recently arrived in the United States from Europe. Margaret saw the suffering of hundreds of women who tried to end their pregnancies in illegal and harmful ways. She realized that this was not just a health problem. These women suffered because of their low position in society. Margaret saw that not having control over one’s body led to problems that were passed on from mother to daughter and through the family for years. She said she became tired of cures that did not solve the real problem.

In 1902, Margaret married William Sanger. They had three children In 1902, Margaret married William Sanger. They had three children. Margaret compared her own middle-class life to that of the poor people she worked among. This increased her desire to deal with economic and social issues. At this time, Margaret Sanger became involved in the liberal political culture of an area of New York City known as Greenwich Village. Sanger became a labor union organizer. She learned methods of protest and propaganda(宣传), which she used in her birth control activism.

1. What has changed to the women in the past 50 years according to the passage? (within 15 words)                                                                                                             2. What led Margaret to be a nurse? (within 10 words) 3. What did Margaret think of birth control? (within 9 words)

4. What was the real reason that women had to suffer to end their pregnancies? (within 8 words)                                                                                                             5. What does the passage mainly tell us? (within 9 words)

答案: 1. Women gained the freedom on whether to have children. 2. Her mother’s suffering and her caring for her family. 3. It was necessary for women’s freedom and human progress. 4. They had a low position in society. 5. Margaret’s efforts to win women’s freedom for birth control.

2 　　[1]It is often thought of as one of the qualities which distinguishes humans from animals. And a new study has shown that the ability to tell the difference between right and wrong is a skill which even babies can possess. 　

[2]Babies who show a good understanding of what is fair and unfair are more likely to share their possessions with others. Babies in the study were able to tell the difference between the equal and unequal distribution of food, showing an early awareness of fairness, scientists said. There also seemed to be a link between how sensitive the babies were to fair behavior and whether they would be willing to share a favorite toy.

　 [3]Jessica Sommerville, a professor of psychology, said: “Our findings show that these norms(标准)of fairness and selflessness are more rapidly acquired than we thought. These results also show a connection between fairness and selflessness in babies, such that babies who were more sensitive to the fair distribution of food were also more likely to share their preferred toy. ”

[4]The research involved showing two short videos to 15-month-old babies. In the first, a bowl of cookies was distributed between two people—first with an equal distribution of cookies, and then with one person getting more cookies than the other. The second video showed a jug of milk being shared between two people in a similar way. 　

　 [5]Scientists measured how long each of the babies looked at how the food had been distributed, as babies pay more attention when they are surprised. They discovered that babies spent more time looking at the distribution of food if one person got more than the other. 　　[6]Dr. Sommerville said: “The babies expected an equal and fair distribution of food and they were surprised to see one person given more cookies or milk than the other. ”

1. What is the main idea of the text? (within 10 words) —————————————————————————— 2. What kind of babies would like to share their possessions with others? (within 13 words) 3. What’s the object of the research to find out about the distribution of dood? (within 2 words)

4. What did scientists find out about the distribution of food 4. What did scientists find out about the distribution of food? (within 8 words) —————————————————————————— 5. What does the underlined word“they”(Paragraph 6)probably refer to? (within 3 words)

答案: 1. Babies know the difference between right and wrong. / Babies can tell the difference between the equal and unequal. 2. Babies who show a good understanding of what is fair and unfair. 3. 15-month-old babies. 4. Babies spent more time looking at it. 5. the babies

掌握阅读表达“678”, 直面高考全不怕 一、阅读表达失分六原因

二、阅读表达七点注意事项 1. 题目先速读, 阅读目标明。快速地浏览题目, 带着题目进行 速读, 做到心中有数, 目标明确。 2. 理解要准确, 善解作者意。准确理解文章的大意、细节, 把 握作者的观点、态度、语气等, 捕捉与题目有关的信息, 为回 答问题做好准备。 3. 审题要认真, 回答求准确。答题之前认真审题, 弄清问题的 要求, 回答应具有针对性, 紧扣题目, 认真推敲语言, 既要完整 又要简洁。同时还要注意语言运用的准确性、得体性。

4. 语言要凝练, 概括要点全。主旨大意题, 要求词数比较少, 所 用语言要精辟、简洁。答案应符合标题要求, 能概括出文章 大意或作者的意图。 5. 发挥要有度, 答案文中找。有的问题可以在文中找到答案及 其依据, 但是对于开放性问题, 考生要结合自己的观点回答。 6. 要求要明确, 少做无用功。要注意问题后的词数要求, 切忌 超出各个题目所要求的词数范围。 7. 卷面要整洁, 确保高分得。要保持书写清楚, 工整; 卷面整 洁、 干净。

三、阅读表达答题八法 1. 顺序法: 根据材料所读内容从正面选择最佳答案, 一般题目的呈现顺序合乎文章的逻辑顺序, 依次答题。避免满篇文章找题目浪费时间。

2. 跳读法: 根据题干和选项所提供的信息跳读原文, 并找到相关的一个或几个句子或段落, 然后综合进行分析和推理等。特别是句子替换等题目。例如: (2013·潍坊二模) 　　[2]The best way to get to the Tidal Basin is to take Metro to the Smithsonian Station. You should be prepared for long lines during peak-visiting times(especially on the weekends). You may purchase your Metro fare in advance to save time. . . .

[3]If you choose to drive a car into the city, be aware that public parking is very limited near the Tidal Basin. . . . [4]During the National Cherry Blossom Festival, one of the best ways to get around Washington D. C. may be by bicycle. On weekends, FREE bike service is available at the Jefferson Memorial parking lot. Hours are 10 a. m. to 6 p. m. .

List the three means of transport during the National Cherry Blossom Festival. (one word for each) ① ————————————————————————— ② ————————————————————————— ③ ————————————————————————— 【答案】Metro; Cars; Bikes 【点拨】首先根据题目要求, 特别是题目要求中的关键词transport, 到文章中寻找相关信息, 从文章中不难看出, 2～4段就说了三种交通方式, 因此采用跳读法, 根据相关核心信息确定答案, 可以节约答题时间。

3. 定位法: 根据题干所提供的信息直接从原文中找到相应的句 子(定位), 然后进行比较、分析和判断, 从而选出答案。适合于细节回答题、句子替换题、代词指代题等。例如: (2013·天津二模) . . . [2]Walking offers many of the same physical and mental benefits as other forms of exercise, but walking offers some special advantages, too.

[3]Almost everyone can walk. There are no special lessons of coaching [3]Almost everyone can walk. There are no special lessons of coaching. To become a serious walker, a person only needs to walk faster, further and more often. . . . How can people become a more serious walker? (within 10 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】By walking faster, further and more often.

【分析】根据题目要求, 先在题干中找到关键词serious walker, 然后结合文章内容, 迅速到原文中查找相关的关键信息, 不难定位答案为By walking faster, further and more often.

4. 概括法: 根据所读内容(首段、尾段、反复出现的高频词汇)概括文章主题、要点、标题和中心思想等。 (2013·天津模拟) [4]One of the greatest benefits of a camp experience is that children develop social skills. In a camp setting, a good counselor will make sure that every camper is included in the activity and that each child interacts with the others in a positive way. They learn to give and take, and they learn how to work and cooperate. Something as simple as clean-up, is not only there to get the cabin clean, but to promote a team atmosphere of working together which in turn results in friendship.

What is the main idea of Paragraph 4? (within 10 words) —————————————————————————— 【答案】Camping can help children develop social skills. / Children learn to develop social skills at camps. 【点拨】本题是主旨大意归纳题, 根据第一句话, 已经点出了本段的大意, 后面的句子是对这句话的进一步阐释。再根据词数要求, 归纳概括整段文章, 可以得出本段的主旨大意。

5. 压缩合并法: 在回答一些封闭性问题时, 很容易从文章中直接找到相关对应答案, 但是原文内容较多, 题目又有词数限制, 这时就需要采用压缩合并法。首先压缩句子, 去除无关内容, 适当整合答案, 特别是能从原文中直接找到答案的细节回答题目。例如:

(2011·山东高考) 　　[2]If　　　　　　　　, then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. A textaholic can be defined as someone who is addicted to sending and receiving messages. The main symptoms are a strong desire to text messages, which takes precedence(优先)over everything else, and bad moods, low spirits and a lack of self-confidence if messages fail to come in. The root of the problem, as with many addictions, is the desire to escape from emotional difficulties such as stress, anxiety and

relationship problems relationship problems. Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young. 　　. . .

What do experts say about text addiction? (within 14 words) —————————————————————————— 【答案】It may become the most common form of addiction, especially among the young. 【点拨】此题是细节回答题, 原文提到“Experts warn that text addiction is likely to become the most common form of addiction in the future, especially among the young. ”根据题目要求很容易从原文中找到答案, 但是如果照抄答案, 明显词数超了要求, 所以需要压缩无关内容, 适当整合答案。把主语用代词it替代, 将状语去掉, 只留下主干部分, 符合词数要求。

6. 推理法: 根据所读内容的字面意思, 通过语篇的逻辑关系以及各个细节的信息和暗示, 推敲作者态度, 理解文章的寓意, 悟出作者的言外之意和弦外之音。尤其对于主旨大意题和推测作者态度等题目适用。例如: 　　[3]According to Science Daily, a new study predicts that by the year 2, 100, many of today’s familiar climates will be replaced by climates unknown in today’s world. It is urgent that we reduce the risks of these far-reaching consequences for

the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change the whole world. The planet itself has been showing signs of change. In 2004, a serious tsunami created by a major earthquake killed thousands in Sumatra and in 2008, thousands died in China because of another severe earthquake. Egypt was hit in 2009 with a major earthquake and Haiti was destroyed in 2010 by yet another massive earthquake.

What is the author’s purpose in using the examples of earthquakes in paragraph 3? (within 10 words) —————————————————————————— 【答案】To show major changes are taking place on the planet. 【点拨】本题要求说出作者引用地震例子的目的, 需要根据上下文推测出作者的意图。纵观整个段落, 本段中作者的主要观点是The planet itself has been showing signs of change. 后面跟了一系列例子, 都是为了证明作者的观点, 所以作者的意图就比较明显了。

7. 画图与列表法: 通过画图与列表构建语篇结构或框架。 (2011·山东高考) [1]Do you spend over an hour each day texting messages to your friends? Do you frequently ignore work, study, and other activities to check your phone for messages? Are you anxious and restless if you are separated from your mobile phone? Do you hardly ever use your phone to talk any more, and do your thumbs hurt from texting too much?

[2]If　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　, then it is very possible that you are a textaholic. . . . [3]So what can you do if you think you may be a textaholic? The key is to get your life. . .

How does the author introduce the topic of the text How does the author introduce the topic of the text? (no more than 5 words) _____________________________________________________ 【答案】By asking/raising questions.

【点拨】本题考查文章的组织结构, 仔细审题, 此题目是问及作者组织文章的方式, 即如何提出话题的。分析本文的文体是议论文, 议论文的写作结构是“引出话题—陈述论点—论证论点—小结论点”, 通过开头第一段可以看出引出话题的方式是通过问问题。见结构图

8. 剖析法: 在做翻译题的时候, 一定要结合句子所在的情景进行理解和翻译, 并且把握好句子结构。既要符合句子原意, 又要注意汉语句子的通顺和大意。 【典例】 The program started with one school delivering 30 bags of groceries. It has grown each year, and now involves 10 schools and several churches. Food on the 15th has delivered more than 12, 000 bags so far. Rosenthal’s goal is to expand Food on the 15th across the country and around the world.

Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese. _____________________________________________________ 【答案】该活动的规模逐年扩大, 现在已有十所学校及好几座教堂加入进来。 【点拨】本题翻译的关键点一是it指代“活动”, 二是几个动词grow, involve等的意义, 只要了解句子结构, 掌握这几个词的意义, 句子就很容易被翻译出来。