Content Listening and speaking Reading Grammar Writing Culture express

Listening and speaking Pronunciation and listening skills Conversations Passage

Distinguishing stress patterns in sentences Listen to some sentences and put them into corresponding columns according to their stress patterns. Tips 一般说来，在朗读英语句子时重要的词要重读，不重要的词不重读。也可以说，句子中实词重读，虚词不重 读。重读单词中的重读音节一般要重读。这样每个句子都有了自己的重读和非重读音节，轻 重高低，形成起伏，也形成了英语动听的节奏。 Come here. I’d rather. Look out. Have a try. I’d like to. What did you do? Ring me up. Sing us a song. Leave it alone. All right. Try again. Of course not. ●● ●●● ●●●● Work hard. Do it now. I think so. Send him away.

Distinguishing stress patterns in sentences Tips 英语的节奏是句子的重音在句子中有规律出现的结果。句子重音之间的相隔时间大致相等，使语言产生节奏感。 在英语语言节奏的训练中，英语学习者应该注重循序渐进的原则，尽量克服汉语语言节奏的干扰，在训练过程中，运用语法知识，体会英语语言节奏。多听英语材料，模仿地道的语音和语调，坚持朗读也可以提高发音的准确性和语言的节奏感。 点击左上角的“Unit 1”的左半部和右半部可以前后翻页。点击“？”按钮可以打开更多的“tips”。展示答案请点击右下角的“钥匙”按钮，点击“扫把”按钮可以清空答案。 5

Conversation 1 Exercises Functional language Conversation 2 Exercises Conversations Conversation 1 Exercises Functional language Conversation 2 Exercises Functional language

✔ ✔ ✔ Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness 1. Listen to a conversation and check (✔) the correct answers to complete the following sentences. 1 Jason is telling Lily a piece of good news by (making a telephone call / speaking to her face to face). ✔ Word tips pick up 买；买到 smartphone n. 智能手机 stunning adj. 极漂亮的 fantastic adj. 太好了 app n. 应用程序 2 The smartphone Jason has got for Lily is (difficult / easy) to use. ✔ 点击右下角的“ABC”按钮可以查看录音原文。 3 The smartphone is (the best one Lily has ever seen / just the kind Lily wanted). ✔ 7

Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness 2. Listen again and check (✔) the statements that are mentioned about the smartphone. ✔ It’s a new kind of smartphone. ✔ It has many features. ✘ It’s a videophone (可视电话). ✔ 4. It can record videos. ✘ 5. It is Bluetooth compatible. ✔ 6. It can be used as an e-book reader. ✔ 7. It allows you to download apps. ✘ 8. It can be used as a navigation (导航) device.

Jason: Hello, this is Jason. May I speak to Lily? Lily: Hello, Jason! Lily speaking. Oh, Lily, good news! I’ve picked up a smartphone for you. Great! What’s it like? This is a new kind of smartphone. It has every feature under the sun! （1.表示地点，意为"在世界上，任何地方"； 2.用于加强语气，常放在疑问词之后，意为"到底，究竟"，等于on the earth） Every feature? With a high-quality camera, it can take stunning pictures and record videos. And it’s so easy to use that even a child could use it. Fantastic! That’s just the kind I wanted. You can also use it as an e-book reader and download apps for about anything you want to do. And it’s your favorite color! Thanks, I can’t tell you how delighted I’m about it. You’ve made my day! Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness Scripts

Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness 3. Role-play a conversation in pairs according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language. Situation 1 A tells B cheerfully that he / she has just picked up a new kind of laptop for B. B expresses his / her happiness. Situation 2 A tells B that he / she has got B a ticket for the concert of B’s favorite singer. B expresses his /her happiness. (Sample) (Sample) GUIDED CONVERSATION A: Greet B and tell B a piece of good news. B: Show surprise and gladness. A: Tell B more details. B: Express happiness. A: Give responses. B: Show thanks. (Reference)

Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness Role play - Sample conversation Situation 1 Jack: Hi, Ann. Good news! I’ve picked up a laptop for you. Ann: Fantastic! What’s it like? This is a new type of laptop. Many of its features just meet your needs. Really? With 500GB hard disk drive, 8GB internal memory and quad core CPU, it will work really fast. It is also very light, too. It’s very convenient for you to take it to school. Terrific. I can’t tell you how delighted I’m about it. Moreover, it is on promotion now. It will save you some money. Thanks a lot. That’s the best news I’ve ever hear.

Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness Role play - Sample conversation Situation 2 Lisa: Hello, John. Do you still remember that we talked about Wang Lihong’s concert last week? John: Yes. He’s my favorite singer. I dreaming about going to his concert, but it’s very hard to get a ticket. I have good news for you! I have got a ticket for his next month’s concert for you. Are you kidding? That’s Marvelous. How did you get it? One of my sister’s friend is also a big fan of Wang. She bought the ticket but can’t go on that day, so I asked my sister to buy the ticket from her. That’s the best news I’ve ever heard. I just can believe it. I knew you would be very excited on hearing this. Thank you so much. You’ve made my day.

Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness Role play Reference for oral work hooray: a word that you shout to show that you are excited and happy about something aah: used for showing that you are happy, satisfied, or surprised excellent: used for showing that you are very pleased about something lovely: used for saying you are pleased about something good for/on someone: used for saying that you are happy about something good that someone has done or that has happened to them thank God/goodness/heaven(s): used for saying that you are happy that something unpleasant has stopped or has not happened wonders will never cease: used for saying that you are very surprised and happy about something

Conversation 1 - Expressing happiness Functional Language Expressing Happiness Great / Fantastic / Good / Marvelous / Terrific / Wonderful! That’s the best thing / news I’ve ever heard. I can’t tell you how delighted I’m about it. You’ve made my day.

Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness 1. Listen to a conversation and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). T John is overjoyed because his team has won the game. Word tips pay off 取得成功；奏效 pumped up adj. 热情高涨的 competitive adj. 竞争的；比赛的 intense adj. 紧张的 F John thinks they did their best though they had not been well prepared. T John’s coach gave each player a very detailed training plan.

Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness 2. Listen again and check (✔) the reasons why John’s team won the game. ✔ All the players in John’s team were pumped up. ✔ They had good teamwork. ✔ The players were well prepared for the game. ✘ 4. They knew the weak points of their rival team very well. ✔ 5. John’s teammates were in their best competitive form ever. ✘ 6. Their coach was more experienced than the coach of their rival team.

Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness Scripts John: Hi, Maggie. Maggie: Hi, John. What was the result of the game? We won! I’m so thrilled（激动的） about it. Oh, I’m really glad to hear the news. I guess your team must have performed very well in the finals （决赛）. Yes. It’s great that all our efforts have finally paid off. I’m so happy for you guys! But how did you make it? Perhaps one important reason was that we were well prepared for it. The players were all pumped up and our teamwork was good. I felt we were in our best competitive form （竞技状态）ever. And your training program must have gone well. Absolutely. We have a very intense and scientific program. I can see that your coach is very experienced. How did he design the program? Well, he made a very detailed plan for each player to train our speed, strength and so on. No wonder you got good results.

Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness 3. Role-play a conversation in groups of three according to one of the following situations. You may refer to the Functional Language. Situation 1 A tells B that B’s soccer team won the qualification to compete in the national championship. Situation 2 A tells B that B has performed very well in the school singing competition and won the first prize. (Sample) (Sample) GUIDED CONVERSATION A: Tell B a piece of good news. B: Show surprise and excitement. A: Praise B for B’s performance. B: Tell A the reason why you performed well. A: Give your wishes. B: Show thanks and express happiness.

Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness Role play - Sample conversation Situation 1 Mr. Smith: Jason: Hello, Jason. Your soccer team has won the qualification to compete in the national championship! Really? Wow, I’m really glad to hear the new! You guys have done a great job in the past games. In the field, you were in high spirits and used right strategies to play. Another important thing is that you are all team players. Right. We have been making full preparation for each game. It’s great that all our efforts have finally paid off. Your coach is very experienced, too. He taught us a lot and made detailed plans in our training. Wish you good luck in the future games. Thanks, Mr. Smith. I can’t wait to tell my teammates this good news.

Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness Role play - Sample conversation Situation 2 Lily: Carol: Hello, John. Do you still remember that we talked about Wang Lihong’s concert last week? Yes. He’s my favorite singer. I dreaming about going to his concert, but it’s very hard to get a ticket. I have good news for you! I have got a ticket for his next month’s concert for you. Are you kidding? That’s Marvelous. How did you get it? One of my sister’s friend is also a big fan of Wang. She bought the ticket but can’t go on that day, so I asked my sister to buy the ticket from her. That’s the best news I’ve ever heard. I just can believe it. I knew you would be very excited on hearing this. Thank you so much. You’ve made my day.

Conversation 2 - Expressing happiness Functional Language Expressing Happiness I’m so thrilled about it! I’m really glad to hear the news. I’m really very delighted / happy / pleased to… It’s great that all our efforts have finally paid off. I feel great about… I’m so happy for you!

Different opinions on Internet slang Passage 1. Listen to a passage and complete the following table with what you hear. Different opinions on Internet slang Positive opinion Internet slang is cool and 1) _________ , full of 2) ______ and intelligence. It makes 3) ________ easier and quicker. Negativeopinion Internet slang will 4) ________ people’s language ability. Also, it is hard to understand and not 5) _________ by many people, since the words might make people confused, even 6) ___________ misunderstanding. The speaker’sopinion The important thing is to use Internet slang with the right person in the right 7) __________. vivid humor Word tips slang n. 俚语 CUL abbrev. (see you later) 待会儿见 F2T abbrev. (free to talk)随便聊聊 GA abbrev. (go ahead) 继续；向前 chatting harm accepted resulting in situations

Passage 2. Listen again and check (✔) the correct answers to complete the following sentences. 1 (Chatting online / Internet slang) is very popular among teenagers. ✔ 2 The speaker’s tone is (objective / subjective). ✔ 点击右下角的“ABC”按钮可以查看录音原文。 3 Living in the Information Age, we’d better know Internet slang; otherwise we (may fall behind the times / will be ill-informed). ✔ 23

Passage Scripts At present, Internet slang, such as CUL (see you later), F2T (free to talk), and GA (go ahead), enjoys growing popularity among teenagers. There are different opinions on Internet slang. Some people think Internet slang is cool and vivid, full of humor and intelligence. Besides, it makes chatting easier and quicker. However, some other people think Internet slang will harm people’s language ability. Also, it is hard to understand and not accepted by many people, since the words might make people confused, even resulting in misunderstanding. In my opinion, every coin has two sides. Living in the Information Age, if we don’t know Internet slang, we risk falling behind the times. The important thing is to use it with the right person in the right situation.

Passage 3. Work in groups to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using Internet slang. Advantages Disadvantages lovely and fashionable brief and attractive full of humor and intelligence convenient popular Interesting easily accepted by theyouth hard to understand not logical and too simple not formal and not universal make people confused not accepted by many people not standard

Reference for oral work Passage 3. Work in groups to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using Internet slang. Reference for oral work Advantages of using internet slang: There are several advantages to using slang. If you use slang, you’ll have a private language that not everyone can understand. You could also appear “cool” if you know popular slang terms. It’s easy to write. You use less syllables when talking thereby getting your point across faster and more efficiently. Disadvantages of using internet slang: Some disadvantages of using slang are it is mostly corrupted versions of an original language and it is only understood by a certain group. Since the words or new meanings may not be known by some listeners, or the meanings may be understood as different, communication is limited.

自主学习内容： 1. Search for some Internet slang 2. Think about the advantages and disadvantages of using Internet slang

Passage A Passage B Reading Luv 2 txt Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records?

Passage A Luv 2 txt Lead-in Text study Exercises

Passage A – Luv 2 txt Lead-in Video appreciation Extended reading Pre-reading questions

Passage A – Luv 2 txt Lead-in - Video appreciation

网络中使用的英文缩略语(Netcronyms) Passage A – Luv 2 txt Lead-in - Extended reading 网络中使用的英文缩略语(Netcronyms) IMO=in my opinion 我觉得,我认为 KIT=keep in touch 保持联系 IOW=in other words 意思是"换句话说" TTYL=Talk to you later 意思是"再见,下次回头再聊" BBS=be back soon 意思是"马上回来" BRB=be right back 意思是马上回来 FYI= For Your Information 解释为: 提供给您的信息，供您参考，是现在比较流行的英文缩写，常用于电子邮件中 BTW=By the way 意思是换个话题，在日常的短信及聊天时使用，以解决话题转换时给人带来唐突感觉的问题，相当于常说的“对了···”，也有“顺便说一下”的意思。 LOL="laughing out loud", or "lots of laughs"，表示笑得很开心的样子，是网络常用的缩略语。

网络中使用的英文缩略语(Netcronyms) Passage A – Luv 2 txt Lead-in - Extended reading 网络中使用的英文缩略语(Netcronyms) ur — your Gz — geeze (表惊讶) IC — i see OIC — oh, i see IMHO — in my humble opinion L8R — later L8ly — lately OTOH — on the other hand POV — point of view

网络中使用的英文缩略语(Netcronyms) Passage A – Luv 2 txt Lead-in - Extended reading 网络中使用的英文缩略语(Netcronyms) ROTFL — rolling on the floor laughing Omg — oh my god Thx — thank Nt — nice try Gj — good job Nm — never mind Skul — school going to — gonna Gotta — got to

Passage A – Luv 2 txt Pre-reading questions What instant messaging services do you usually use when you chat with your family, friends, etc.? Why do you prefer them? Have you ever used network abbreviations such as GF (girlfriend), u (you), and thx (thanks) when chatting online? What other network abbreviations do you know? 3. What are the influences of network abbreviations?

Passage A – Luv 2 txt Text study Text reading Organization of the text Language points

_____________________________________ Passage A Luv 2 txt 1. You need to send a text to your mom to tell her your soccer practice is canceled. In an effort not to get caught, you reach very slowly, skillfully and one-handedly into your bag. Drawing your bright purple cellphone from the inside pocket, you are careful not to press any button that will reveal your mission to your teacher, who is talking at the front of the room. With the phone in your lap, you try not to look down as you type: “Soccer canceled! pick@2 thx.” _____________________________________ __________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ 按图标S只显示需讲解的句子超链接；按图标W只显示需讲解的词汇和短语超链接；按扫帚图标清除所有超链接标记。按上箭头回到上一层。 ____________________________ 37

Passage A Luv 2 txt 2. Sent. You put it into your jacket pocket, fearing you will not be able to get it back in your bag without the teacher noticing. But wait… your BFF Lucy’s hair looked ridiculous when you passed her in the hall on your way to the washroom. It would be unthinkable to wait until lunch to tell her. Only a horrible friend would let her walk around with such an embarrassing hairdo! So, you repeat the sneaky process of texting: “Fix ur hair, it’s sticking?!!!!” Now, not only have you missed two whole possibly important minutes of your teacher’s lecture, but your spelling and vocabulary are getting worse and worse. ___________________________________________ _________________________________________________ ________ ______________________________________ __________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ______

Passage A Luv 2 txt 3. Can you understand the title of this article? Anyone who has ever texted or used instant messaging will be able to. Most teens love to text. Our English teachers, parents, and future employers would prefer we pay attention to our grammar, but in reality most of us don’t. There are times when we have to use proper grammar and times when we don’t. The problem is that the line between when to spellcheck and proofread and when to just type and send is becoming unclear and almost invisible. ________ ________________________________________________ _____________ _________________________________ __________________________________________________ _____________________________________________

Passage A Luv 2 txt 4. The way we type affects the way we spell. Ever catch yourself writing the letter “u” instead of the word “you” in an essay for school? What about the letters “tho” instead of the word “though”? In a world where instant satisfaction is everything, we simply do not take the time to add the few extra letters. Although teens today will eventually become the ones who set the standards for spelling and grammar, our elders are the ones who are in charge now, and they look down on spelling and grammar errors. These errors can easily affect one’s grades or job opportunities. __________ _________________________________________________ __________________ ______________________ ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _______________

Passage A Luv 2 txt 5. Notice it or not, the words we choose, or rather don’t choose, when we use informal communication are of great importance. We almost never see a teen use extensive vocabulary taught by our teachers in a text message. Seldom do we see the word “exultant” for happy, “sorrowful” for sad, or “ecstatic” for glad in a text. We must reawaken this vast vocabulary of obscure and unused words if we expect to succeed in exams like the SAT that affect our future. _______________________________________________ _______________________________________________ ________________ _____________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _______________________

Passage A Luv 2 txt 6. So, go ahead, work your fingers to the bone texting, but before you hit Send, think about what you have written. Consider your words and the way you’ve spelt them and maybe, just maybe, you will retype your message.

We'll have to cancel the cricket match, it's raining cats and dogs. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 2, Para. 1) cancel vt. to decide that sth. you have planned will not happen 取消 雨下得太大了，我们将只得取消板球比赛了。 We'll have to cancel the cricket match, it's raining cats and dogs. 马上取消这批订货，这一点至关重要。 It is vitally important to cancel the order immediately. 同义词：取消安排或预约用 cancel 或 call off, 通常不再做新的安排。推迟安排或预约用 postpone 或 put off。delay 表示延期做某事: delay 或 hold up 还可以表示某事耽误了某人的时间。

She stopped smoking in an effort to control weight. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 2, Para. 1) in an effort to 努力，企图 为了控制体重，她戒烟了。 She stopped smoking in an effort to control weight. 他们掩盖了丑闻以图保全面子. They hushed up the scandal in an effort to save face.

He went on a secret mission. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 6, Para. 1) mission n. an important job that sb. has been given to do 任务；使命 他的一言一行都带着强烈的使命感。 There is an enormous sense of mission in his speech and gesture. 他执行一项秘密使命。 He went on a secret mission.

It's the most ridiculous thing I've ever heard in my life. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 4, Para. 2) ridiculous adj. very silly or unreasonable可笑的；荒唐的 这是我这辈子听到的最荒唐可笑的事。 It's the most ridiculous thing I've ever heard in my life. 我戴这顶帽子看上去很可笑。 I look ridiculous in this hat.

We saw him on the way to California. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 4, Para. 2) on sb.’s /the way while traveling from one place to another 在路上；在途中 我们在去加利福尼亚的途中看见了他。 We saw him on the way to California.

She used to walk around with her nose in the air. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 6, Para. 2) walk around 四处走动 她过去总是目中无人地走来走去。 She used to walk around with her nose in the air.

It is a sneaky and underhand way of doing business. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 8, Para. 2) sneaky adj. doing things in a secret and often dishonest way 偷偷摸摸的；鬼鬼祟祟的 这种做生意的方式偷偷摸摸、遮遮掩掩。 It is a sneaky and underhand way of doing business. 一个小孩鬼鬼祟祟地在干什么事情的时候，通常另一个小孩可以判断出来。 One kid can generally tell when another kid is sneaky.

The air is full of millions of invisible germs. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 9, Para. 3) invisible adj. sth. that is invisible cannot be seen 看不见的 空气中充满了许多看不见的细菌。 The air is full of millions of invisible germs. 她在昏暗的房间里别人看不到她。 She was invisible in the dusk of the room.

A bad home environment can affect a child's healthy growth. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 1, Para. 4) affect v. to do sth. that produces a change in sth. or sb.’s situation 影响 不良的家庭环境能影响儿童的健康成长。 A bad home environment can affect a child's healthy growth. 别为小事伤了和气。 Don't let this trifling matter affect our good relationship.

Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 5, Para. 4) satisfaction n. the action of providing sth. that sb. wants or needs （对需要或需求的）满足 婴儿只关注对自己生理需要的满足。 Infants are concerned only with the satisfaction of their physical needs. 她因儿子的成就而感到心满意足。 She felt a glow of satisfaction at her son's achievements. 短语：to one’s satisfaction 令…满意的是

Breakfast is provided at no extra charge. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 6, Para. 4) extra adj. (only before noun) more than the usual or standard amount of sth. 额外的 供应早餐，不另收费。 Breakfast is provided at no extra charge. 警方告诫驾车者出门上班要留出富余时间。 Police warned motorists to allow extra time to get to work.

A few years ago he took charge of the company. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 9, Para. 4) charge n. the position of having control over or responsibility for sth. or sb. 主管；负责 几年前，他接管了该公司。 A few years ago he took charge of the company. 这个新职位赋予他管理全公司计算机系统的职权。 The new position puts him in charge of the computer systems throughout the company. 短语：in charge (of) take charge (of) 负责;管理

We should not look down on manual labor. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 9, Para.4 ) look down on (upon) to think that you are better or more important than sb. else, or think that sth. is not good enough for you 轻视；看不起 我一无所成，所以他们瞧不起我。 I wasn't successful, so they looked down on me. 我们不应该轻视体力劳动。 We should not look down on manual labor.

Forests were destroyed due to extensive logging. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 4, Para. 5) extensive adj. large in size, amount, or degree 大量的；大规模的 由于大面积的伐木，森林遭到了破坏。 Forests were destroyed due to extensive logging. 洪水对该镇造成了大规模的破坏。 The flood caused extensive damage to the town.

The contracts are written in obscure language. Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 7, Para. 5) obscure adj. unclear or difficult to understand 不清楚的；难懂的 他发言的要点模糊不清。 The point of his speech is obscure. 这些合同的语言晦涩难懂。 The contracts are written in obscure language.

work sb.’s fingers to the bone Passage A – Luv 2 txt (Line 1, Para. 6) work sb.’s fingers to the bone to work very hard 拼命干活；努力工作 我得拼命地工作直到把借款还清。 I have to work my fingers to the bone till I pay back all my debts. 他们拼命干活，想在天黑之前把房子漆完。 They worked their fingers to the bone trying to get the house painted before dark.

你小心翼翼地从里面的口袋掏出你的亮紫色手机，尽量不去碰触会对正在前面讲课的老师泄漏你企图的任何按键。 Passage A – Luv 2 txt Drawing your bright purple cellphone from the inside pocket, you are careful not to press any button that will reveal your mission to your teacher, who is talking at the front of the room. (Line 4, Para. 1) 你小心翼翼地从里面的口袋掏出你的亮紫色手机，尽量不去碰触会对正在前面讲课的老师泄漏你企图的任何按键。 drawing的用法为现在分词作状语，其逻辑主语为you。 that will reveal…为定语从句，修饰先行词any button，that为关系代词，在定语从句中作主语，不可省略。who is talking…为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词your teacher。

担心把手机放回包里时老师会注意到，于是你就把它放到夹克的口袋里。 Passage A – Luv 2 txt You put it into your jacket pocket, fearing you will not be able to get it back in your bag without the teacher noticing. (Line 1, Para. 2) 担心把手机放回包里时老师会注意到，于是你就把它放到夹克的口袋里。 without the teacher noticing 的用法为介词后跟包含现在分词的复合宾语。 天气晴朗，微风轻拂。 The day was bright, with a fresh breeze blowing.

现在你不仅错失了老师有可能及其重要的两分钟讲解，而且你的拼写和词汇变得越来越差。 Passage A – Luv 2 txt Now, not only have you missed two whole possibly important minutes of your teacher’s lecture, but your spelling and vocabulary are getting worse and worse. (Line 9, Para. 2) 现在你不仅错失了老师有可能及其重要的两分钟讲解，而且你的拼写和词汇变得越来越差。 not only…but also连接两个分句时，如果not only置于句首，分句要用倒装，but also分句不倒装，可以省去but只留also，也可以省去also只留but。 他不仅作出了许诺，而且履行了诺言。 Not only did he make a promise, but also he kept it.

there are times when 有时候 Passage A – Luv 2 txt There are times when we have to use proper grammar and times when we don’t. (Line 5, Para. 3) 有时我们必须用恰当的语法有时则不必。 there are times when 有时候 有时我不知道做什么。 There are times when I don’t know what to do.

The problem is that the line between when to spellcheck and Passage A – Luv 2 txt The problem is that the line between when to spellcheck and proofread and when to just type and send is becoming unclear and almost invisible. (Line 7, Para. 3) 问题是：青少年们已经分不清楚什么时候该检查拼写并改错，什么时候只是打字并发送信息。 the problem is that…: that 引导表语从句。 我的观点是你得面对问题。 My point is that you should face the problem.

The problem is that the line between when to spellcheck and Passage A – Luv 2 txt The problem is that the line between when to spellcheck and proofread and when to just type and send is becoming unclear and almost invisible. (Line 7, Para. 3) 问题是：青少年们已经分不清楚什么时候该检查拼写并改错，什么时候只是打字并发送信息。 the line between A and B: A与B之间的界限，文中的A和B由连接副词when加不定式构成。 爱与恨之间的界限模糊了。 The line between love and hate has blurred.

你是不是在学校写文章时曾经用字母“u”代替“you”呢？ Passage A – Luv 2 txt Ever catch yourself writing the letter “u” instead of the word “you” in an essay for school? (Line 1, Para. 4) 你是不是在学校写文章时曾经用字母“u”代替“you”呢？ catch sb. doing sth.: 撞见或抓住某人在做某事 她抓住他们正在偷她的苹果。 She caught them stealing her apples.

虽然今天的青少年最终会成为设置拼写和语法标准的人，但现在却是长辈们说了算，他们看不起拼写错误和语法错误。 Passage A – Luv 2 txt Although teens today will eventually become the ones who set the standards for spelling and grammar, our elders are the ones who are in charge now, and they look down on spelling and grammar errors. (Line 6, Para. 4) 虽然今天的青少年最终会成为设置拼写和语法标准的人，但现在却是长辈们说了算，他们看不起拼写错误和语法错误。 Although 引导让步状语从句，两个who引导定语从句修饰两个ones，分别指代 teens 与 elders。

无论你是否注意到，我们进行非正式交流时选择使用或不用的词汇是很重要的。 Passage A – Luv 2 txt Notice it or not, the words we choose, or rather don’t choose, when we use informal communication are of great importance. (Line 1, Para. 5) 无论你是否注意到，我们进行非正式交流时选择使用或不用的词汇是很重要的。 notice it or not 在文中属于一个让步状语从句的省略形式，其完整的从句应为No matter whether we notice it or not。 be of great importance: be important 重要的 be of +抽象名词=该抽象名词对应的形容词，类似的抽象名词还有value, use, help, benefit等，这些名词前可用little, some, no, any, great, much等修饰。 你的建议很有价值。 Your advice is of great value.(=Your advice is valuable.)

我们很少在课文里看到“exultant”， “sorrowful”， “ecstatic” 这些词来代替happy， sad， glad。 Passage A – Luv 2 txt Seldom do we see the word “exultant” for happy, “sorrowful” for sad, or “ecstatic” for glad in a text. (Line 5, Para. 5) 我们很少在课文里看到“exultant”， “sorrowful”， “ecstatic” 这些词来代替happy， sad， glad。 某些有否定意思的副词放在句首，句子常用倒装语序。 我哪儿也找不到他。 Nowhere could I find him. 我从没见过如此美的地方。 Seldom have I seen such a beautiful place.

如果我们希望能在像SAT这样影响我们未来的考试中成功，我们必须重新唤醒大量难懂的、不常用的词汇。 Passage A – Luv 2 txt We must reawaken this vast vocabulary of obscure and unused words if we expect to succeed in exams like the SAT that affect our future. (Line 7, Para. 3) 如果我们希望能在像SAT这样影响我们未来的考试中成功，我们必须重新唤醒大量难懂的、不常用的词汇。 expect to do sth.: 预期做某事 公司希望在四月完成工作。 The company expects to complete work in April. if 引导的条件状语从句放在后面，不用逗号与主句分隔；如果放在前面，则需逗号与主句分隔。 We’ll stay at home if it rains. If you need money, I can lend you some.

Organization of the text Passage A – Luv 2 txt Organization of the text Part I (Para. ______) 1-2 Situation: Examples of using abbreviations to text Structure Part II (Para. ______) 3-5 Problem: Neglecting spelling and grammar Part III (Para. ______) 6 Solution: Paying attention to the words you use

Passage A – Exercises Comprehension Vocabulary & Structure Translation

Passage A – Comprehension 1. Match the six paragraphs of the passage with their main ideas. A A student sends a message to his friend because of her ridiculous hairdo. B Most teens don’t pay attention to grammar while texting. C Teens should avoid spelling and grammar errors since they might affect the future of the teens. D Change the way you type and spell and do it now. E A student sends a message to his mom during the class. F The extensive vocabulary must be reawakened for the future of the teens. Paragraph 1 Paragraph 2 Paragraph 3 Paragraph 4 Paragraph 5 Paragraph 6

Passage A – Comprehension 2. Choose the best answer to each of the following questions. 1. Why does the student send a message to his mom in a sneaky way? A Because he fears that he may type wrong words. B Because he needs to pay extra attention to the wording. C Because he fears that he would get caught. D Because he doesn’t want to disturb his teacher’s lecture. ✔

Passage A – Comprehension 2. Who would prefer teens pay attention to grammar? A Their English teachers. B Their parents. C Their future employers. D All of the above. ✔ 3. Why are many teens’ spelling and vocabulary getting worse and worse? A Because they are unwilling to take more time to study. B Because they often use abbreviations while texting. C Because they have lots of housework to do. D Because they rely too much on computers to correct their spelling. ✔

Words Synonyms （同义词） Antonyms （反义词） clear huge vast unclear employee Passage A – Vocabulary and structure 1. Complete the following table with the words from the passage. Words Synonyms （同义词） Antonyms （反义词） clear huge vast unclear employee mistake error employer visible finally eventually invisible formal influence affect informal glad call off cancel sorrowful

Passage A – Vocabulary and structure 2. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the form if necessary. in an effort to look down on walk around be of great importance on sb.’s way 1. A local custom in the country is to __________ barefoot (赤脚地) at all times of the year. walk around 2. Ben will be ___________ to Denmark tonight to attend his brother’s wedding. on his way 3. Some companies have even given gift cards away _____________ win more customers. in an effort to is of great importance 4. The clever use of colors ____________________ to the success of the oil painting. 5. It doesn’t matter if people _______________ you, but you should never belittle (轻视) yourself. look down on

possible equal practical popular secure Passage A – Vocabulary and structure 3. Add the suffix “-ity” to the words given below. Then complete the following sentences with the words thus formed. possible equal practical popular secure 1. Women have yet to achieve full ___________ with men in the workplace. equality 2. A large majority of elderly Americans depend solely (仅仅) on social ___________ income. security 3. Many fashions continue to lose their ___________ in recent years. popularity 4. A hundred years ago, few people believed in the ___________ of flying. possibility 5. China’s woven straw items are popular for their elegant designs and ___________. practicality

Passage A – Vocabulary and structure 4. Combine the sentence beginnings in Column A with the endings in Column B to form complete sentences. Column A Column B … do we hear such fine singing from school choirs (合唱团). … when it is better to be a listener. … to say which is better. … who are in charge of the picture show. It would be hard… They are the ones… There are times… Seldom…

Passage A – Vocabulary and structure 5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words given below. Do not use any of the words more than once. extensive proofreading dependent affected spelling standards effected limited charge proved errors rise mission communication reviewing “The rising popularity of text messaging on cellphones poses a threat to writing1) _________ among Irish schoolchildren,” an Irish education commission said. “The frequency of2) _______ in grammar and punctuation (标点符号) has become a serious concern,” the State Examinations Commission said in a report after3) ___________ exam performance by 15-year-old teens. “The emergence of the cellphone and the 4) _______ of text messaging as a popular means of 5) _______________ would appear to have badly 6) ________ the standards of writing. It has been 7) _______ in the responses of candidates,” the report said, according to Irish Times. standards errors reviewing rise communication affected proved

Passage A – Vocabulary and structure 5. Complete the following passage by choosing from the words given below. Do not use any of the words more than once. extensive proofreading dependent affected spelling standards effected limited charge proved errors rise mission communication reviewing “Text messaging, with its use of phonetic (语音的) 8) ________ and little or no punctuation, seems to pose a threat to the standards for spelling and grammar in writing.” The report pointed out that, in many cases, candidates seemed “unduly (过度地) 9) ________ on short sentences, simple tenses and a(n) 10) ________ vocabulary.” spelling dependent limited

Passage A – Translation 1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. The problem is that the line between when to spellcheck and proofread and when to just type and send is becoming unclear and almost invisible. 但问题是，何时必须检查拼写、进行校对？何时只要输入、发送信息即可？这两者之间的界限正在变得模糊，几乎无法分辨。 2. Notice it or not, the words we choose, or rather don’t choose, when we use informal communication are of great importance. 无论我们是否注意到，我们进行非正式交流时，我们所选择使用或不用的词汇是很重要的。

The Internet affects our lives in many ways. Passage A – Translation 2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets. 1.教练要求每个球员在训练时都要注意技巧。(pay attention to) ________________________________________________________________________________________________ The coach demands that each player should pay attention to the skills while practicing. 2.互联网在很多方面影响了我们的生活。(affect) _______________________________________________ The Internet affects our lives in many ways. 3.由于一场突如其来的暴风雨，我们的航班被取消了。(cancel) ________________________________________________ Our plane/flight was cancelled because of a sudden rainstorm.

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Lead-in Text study Exercises

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Lead-in Pre-reading activity Video appreciation

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Pre-reading 1. Match the following words with the pictures. A helmet B footwear C wheelchair A C B

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Pre-reading 2. What do you know about sports technology? Sports technologies have promoted the sports performances. We still remember the full-body swimsuit Ian Thorpe wore in the Olympics in 2000, which helped him break three world records. The latest sports technologies are also used in rowing, cycling, racing, etc.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Lead-in - Video appreciation

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Questions about video clip What do you know about the making technology of football? Do you think such kind of sports technology can improve athletes’ performance?

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Text study Text reading Language points

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? When Oscar Pistorius fought successfully to compete in the 2012 London Olympic Games with his two artificial legs, he challenged many people’s Olympian ideal of celebrating human athletic performance without technological support or other aids. Yet the attention focused on Pistorius, whose name has earned him the nickname “Blade Runner,” has mostly failed to notice technology’s role in helping humans break Olympic records over the past decades. __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ________________________________________________ ___________________________________________ _______________________________ ______________________________________________ ______________________________________________ _____________________________________________ _________________________________________________

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? 3. “The Pistorius case alone reveals the deep irony in society’s views toward technology in sports and normal life,” said Brittain, author of The Paralympic Games Explained. He points out that society tends to view disabled people as being at a disadvantage because their bodies are different, yet Pistorius received criticism for having an unfair advantage with his artificial legs and becoming in a sense “more than human.” __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ____

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? 4. Technological booster shot Generally, Olympic sports have drawn wide attention more often for taking a position against “technological doping” rather than cheering on new technological breakthroughs. The full-body swimsuit was banned after athletes who wore Speedo’s LZR Racer swimsuit won 94 percent of the swimming medals and broke 15 long-course world records at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. But according to a report called Sports Engineering: An Unfair Advantage? Such bans can’t avoid the fact that “technology is as much a part of an athlete’s resources as nutrition, training and coaching.” ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ______________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ______________________________________________ ________________________________ __________________________________________________ ______________________________

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? 6. Steve Haake, a sports engineer in the UK, has studied technology’s contribution to better Olympic performances. He found that technology alone contributed to a 30 percent increase in both pole vaulting and javelin performances. Technology played an even bigger role in cycling. Nearly 100 percent out of the 221 percent overall improvement in the one-hour cycling record came from better technology, according to Haake.

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? 7. The arms and legs race It’s true that better technology has shaped the Olympics, but people want to celebrate athletes for their hard work rather than their use of the latest sports technology. David James, a sports engineer, discovered the most common concerns over the use of sports technology through holding meetings attended by more than 20,000 members of the public. 8. People feared that sports engineering could overshadow the triumph of spirit and effort and make certain sports easier. They also worried that the “best athletes” might not win, and that sports engineering gave rich athletes an d countries anadvantage over poor ones. __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ____________________

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? 9. Such fears have also surfaced in the Paralympic Games. “Paralympic medal winners have usually come from Western nations that have the most advanced wheelchairs or artificial limbs in a technological ‘leg race’,” said David Howe, a sports anthropologist. 10. Better technologies have played an even greater role in the Paralympics than the Olympics. Wheelchair racers have gone from being much slower than able-bodied runners to becoming much faster because of wheelchair technology— the record in the 800 meter event dropped from 1:55.67 in the 1980s to 1:32.17 in 2012. _________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ __________

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? 11. Technology for everyone Governing bodies for Olympic sports should actively monitor the latest technologies that could affect sports performances and plan rather than merely react to changes, says an Institution of Mechanical Engineers report. But it also stressed the risks of restricting sports technology too much. 12. After all, Olympic sports such as tennis have overseen the advance of technologies from wooden rackets to graphite rackets without ruining the spirit of the Games. Just as important, many sports technologies allow people outside the small groups of professional athletes to have more fun. __________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ ________ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _______________

Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? 13. In addition to athletic enjoyment, the technology race in the Paralympics has an added advantage: Better sports technologies can lead to better wheelchairs and artificial limbs used by disabled people in their daily lives. Such technological products make the Paralympics somewhat similar to Formula One racing transforming technologies in consumer cars. _____ __________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ ___________________________

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? When Oscar Pistorius fought successfully to compete in the 2012 London Olympic Games with his two artificial legs, he challenged many people’s Olympian ideal of celebrating human athletic performance without technological support or other aids. (Line 1, Para. 1) 当奥斯卡·皮斯托瑞斯用他的两个假肢成功的参加了2012年伦敦奥运会，他挑战了很多人关于庆祝没有技术支持的人类运动能力的奥林匹克理想。 celebrating的用法为动名词，和介词of构成定语，修饰Olympian ideal，类似的用法还有： 他精通交友之道。 He is good at the art of making friends.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Yet the attention focused on Pistorius, whose name has earned him the nickname “Blade Runner,” has mostly failed to notice technology’s role in helping humans break Olympic records over the past decades. (Line 1, Para. 2) 然而，对“刀锋战士”皮斯托瑞斯的关注大部分都没注意到技术在过去十年里在帮助人类打破奥运纪录方面的作用。 focused on 过去分词做后置定语，whose为关系代词，先行词为人，在文中引导了非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Pistorins。 break Olympic record: 打破奥运会记录

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? The Pistorius case alone reveals the deep irony in society’s views toward technology in sports and normal life… (Line 1, Para. 3) 当奥斯卡·皮斯托瑞斯用他的两个假肢成功的参加了2012年伦敦奥运会，他挑战了很多人关于庆祝没有技术支持的人类运动能力的奥林匹克理想。 alone为副词，不用于名词前，意为“仅仅，只” (without including anything else)。 城里只有十五座教堂。 There are fifteen churches in the town center alone.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Generally, Olympic sports have drawn wide attention more often for taking a position against “technological doping” rather than cheering on new technological breakthroughs. (Line 1, Para. 4) 一般说来，奥林匹克运动已经引起的广泛关注更多的是因为反对技术性服用兴奋剂的立场，而不是为新的技术突破欢呼 rather than 而不是。 她的演说之所以令人难忘，不是因其内容而是因其辩论方法。 Her speech was memorable for its polemic rather than its substance.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? The full-body swimsuit was banned after athletes who wore Speedo’s LZR Racer swimsuit won 94 percent of the swimming medals and broke 15 long-course world records at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. (Line 1, Para. 5) 穿着Speedo’s LZR Racer泳衣的运动员在2008年北京奥运会上夺得了94%的奖牌，打破了15项长期保持的世界纪录，之后全身泳衣就被禁止了。 after引导了时间状语从句；who wore Speedo’s LZR Racer swimsuit为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词athletes；break/beat a world record: 打破世界记录，关于记录record的常用短语还有： set a record 创纪录 hold a record 保持记录

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? such bans can’t avoid the fact that “technology is as much a part of an athlete’s resources as nutrition, training and coaching.” (Line 6, Para. 5) 这些禁令不能避免的一个事实是，技术已经和营养、培养、训练等资源一样成为运动员的一部分。 that 引导从句做fact的同位语；as much as表示同样地，同等程度地 那等同于说我是个撒谎者。 That is as much as saying I am a liar.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? It’s true that better technology has shaped the Olympics, but people want to celebrate athletes for their hard work rather than their use of the latest sports technology. (Line 1, Para. 7) 毫无疑问先进的科技影响了奥林匹克，但是人们想要庆祝的是运动员的努力而不是他们使用了最先进的运动科技。 shape 决定······的形成;影响······的发展 无论喜欢与否，家庭影响了我们的生活，决定了我们成为什么样的人。 Like it or not, our families shape our lives and make us what we are.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? James, a sports engineer, discovered the most common concerns over the use of sports technology through holding meetings attended by more than 20,000 members of the public. (Line 4, Para. 7) 体育工程师詹姆斯通过举办超过20,000的公众参加的会议发现了对于体育技术应用的共同关注。 through为介词，文中意为“通过，凭借”(by means of)；attended的用法为过去分词作定语，在文中相当于一个定语从句which had been attended。

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Wheelchair racers have gone from being much slower than able-bodied runners to becoming much faster because of wheelchair technology… (Line 2, Para. 10) 因为轮椅技术，轮椅赛手已经从比体格健全的人慢的多变为比他们快的多。 go from…to…: 从······到······，to后面的becoming much faster省略了than able-bodied runners，和前面的成分一致。

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Governing bodies for Olympic sports should actively monitor the latest technologies that could affect sports performances and plan rather than merely react to changes. (Line 1, Para. 11) 奥林匹克运动会的管理层应该积极监督能够影响运动成绩和运动计划的最新科技而不只是对这些变化作出反应。 that 引导定语从句修饰the latest technologies。

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Just as important, many sports technologies allow people outside the small groups of professional athletes to have more fun. (Line 4, Para. 12) 同样重要的是，许多体育技术让小部分专业运动员以外的人有更多的乐趣。 outside the mall groups of professional athletes的用法为介词短语作后置定语，修饰people。

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? Such technological products make the Paralympics somewhat similar to Formula One racing transforming technologies in consumer cars. (Line 4, Para. 13) 这些技术产品使得残奥会如同一级方程式赛车对赛车的技术改造。 make sth. difficult/easy/possible/similar etc.:使某事物困难/简单/可能/相似；transforming的用法为现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句which/that transforms, 用来修饰Formula One racing（一级方程式赛车）。

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 1, Para. 1) fight to do 努力争取做某事 这家著名公司的董事长正在努力克服困境。 The president of this famous company was trying to overcome the difficult situation.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 2, Para. 1) artificial adj. not real or natural, but made to look real or natural 人造的；假的 这件衣服是人造纤维的。 This dress is made of artificial fibers. 牙医给我镶了颗假牙。 I was fitted an artificial tooth by the dentist.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 1, Para. 2) focus on to give all your attention to a particular person or thing 集中（注意力）于 他把心思集中在功课上。 He focused his mind on his lessons. 噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。 The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 2, Para. 2) earn v. if your actions or qualities earn you sth., they make you deserve to have it 赢得，博得 通过努力训练，盖尔在队中赢得了自己的位置。 Gail earned her place on the team by practicing hard. 公司必须树立诚信的声誉。 Companies must earn a reputation for honesty.

have/play a role in (doing) sth Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 3, Para. 2) have/play a role in (doing) sth 在（做）某事情中起某种作用 父母在孩子学习过程中起重要作用。 Parents play an important role in their child’s learning.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 4, Para. 2) decade n. a period of 10 years 十年 过去的十年间，物价一直在上涨。 Prices have risen steadily during the past decade. 十几年过去了，这件事在人们的记忆里已经淡去了。 More than a decade has passed, and the matter has now become a faint memory.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 4, Para. 3) point out 指出 敬希读者指正。 It is hoped that the readers will kindly point out our errors. 我必须指出拖延是不明智的。 I must point out that delay is unwise.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 4, Para. 3) view sth. as sth. 把某事物看成某事物 我们应把法律视为一种实现一定社会目标的方式。 We should view the law as a way of meeting certain social goals.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 5, Para. 3) be at a disadvantage 处于劣势 不能使用计算机的人处于劣势。 Anyone who can’t use a computer is at a disadvantage.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 7, Para. 3) unfair adj. not right or fair 不公平的；不公正的 裁判作出不公正的判决。 The referee made an unfair decision. 你刚认识她就对她作出评价，这是不公平的。 It was unfair to judge her on such a brief acquaintanceship. 反义词：fair

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 8, Para. 3) in a sense 从某种意义上来讲 从某种意义上来讲你是对的，但你不知道事情。 You are right in a sense, but you don’t know the truth.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 2, Para. 4) position n. (on sth.) opinion, attitude (对某事物的)态度，立场 该党在税收改革方面的立场是什么？ What’s the Party’s position on tax reform? 短语：take a position against sth.:对某事物持反对立场 学校反对作弊。 The school takes a position against cheating.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 1, Para. 5) ban v. to officially say that people must not do sth. or that sth. is not allowed 禁止；取缔 加拿大将从今年晚些时候起在办公场所全面禁烟。 Canada will ban smoking in all offices later this year. ban doing sth. / be banned from doing sth 禁止（做某事） n. an official order saying that people must not do sth. 禁令 委员会要求全球禁止捕鲸。 The commission is calling for a global ban on whaling.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 4, Para. 6) contribute v. to help to make sth. happen 促成；造成 短语：contribute to促成；促使 报告说两艘船存在的设计缺陷也促成了这场悲剧的发生。 The report says design faults in both the vessels contributed to the tragedy.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 7, Para. 6) improvement n. the state of being better than before, or the process of making sth. better than it was before 改进；提高 销售额持续显示出增加的迹象。 Sales figures continue to show signs of improvement. 医生注意到病人在逐渐恢复健康。 The doctor noticed a gradual improvement in his patient.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 8, Para. 6) come from 由······造成, 源自 知识来自于实践。 Knowledge comes from practice. 他一生中的波动源于疾病和不测。 The turbulence in his life has come from illness and accidents.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 1, Para. 8) overshadow v. to make sb. or sth. else seem less important 使显得不重要；使相形见绌 她的新书将会使她以前写的书都黯然失色。 Her new book will overshadow all her earlier ones. 赫斯特在她那年轻而且姿色更胜一筹的妹妹面前黯然失色。 Hester is overshadowed by her younger and more attractive sister.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 1, Para. 9) surface v. When something such as a piece of news, a feeling, or a problem surfaces, it becomes known or becomes obvious. 显露;暴露；流露；公开 同样的老问题会再次暴露出来。 The same old problems would surface again. 各种情绪都会在生活中的某个时刻流露出来。 The emotions will surface at some point in life.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 3, Para. 10) able-bodied adj. having a strong healthy body 体格健全的；身强体壮的 构词法： 形容词+名词+-ed warm-hearted kind-hearted widespread 热情的 好心肠的 广泛传播的

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 3, Para. 11) react v. to behave in a particular way because of sth. that has happened or been said （作出）反应 他们对这条新闻反应强烈。 They reacted violently to the news. 警方在面对紧急情况时必须能迅速作出反应。 The police must be able to react swiftly in an emergency.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 5, Para. 11) restrict v. to control sth. or keep it within limits 限制；控制 他觉得这一新法律会限制他的自由。 He feels this new law will restrict his freedom. 在头两周里，病人们只能在院子里活动。 For the first two weeks patients are restricted to the grounds.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 3, Para. 12) ruin v. to spoil or destroy sth. completely（完全地）毁坏，毁掉 与议会冲突可能使政府的计划成为泡影。 A collision with parliament could ruin the government's plans. 忧虑严重损害了我妻子的健康。 My wife was ruining her health through worry.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 4, Para. 12) just as 正像，正如 我知道你们是兄弟，你们一样英俊。 I can tell you are brothers. You are just as handsome.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 4, Para. 12) allow sb. to do sth 使某人有可能做成某事 暑假使得这对年轻的夫妇能够享受他们的蜜月。 The summer holiday allowed the young couple to enjoy their honeymoon.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 1, Para. 13) in addition to 除······之外 除修理费之外还有邮寄和包装费。 There's a postage and packing fee in addition to the repair charge. 除了写作，我还喜欢攀岩。 In addition to writing, I also enjoy rock climbing.

Passage B – Are humans or technology breaking Olympic records? (Line 6, Para. 13) transform v. to completely change the appearance, character, etc. of sb. or sth., especially in a good way 使改变；使转化 这个沙发可改作床用。 The sofa can transform for use as a bed. 改山造田可是硬碰硬的事。 To transform hills into fields is an extremely tough job.

Passage B – Exercises Comprehension Vocabulary & structure Translation Oral work

Passage B – Comprehension 1. Decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). F 1 Pistorius proved himself with the help of artificial legs and helped people to notice the good aspect of technology. T 2 People were afraid to admit the importance of hightech devices in sports because the purpose of Olympic Games was to celebrate the performance of human athletes. T 3 Sports technologies have made a greater contribution in the Paralympics than in the Olympics. 4 People worried that rich athletes and countries would take an advantage of using advanced technology to beat poor ones. T

Passage B – Comprehension 2. Answer the following questions. 1 What did Oscar Pistorius challenge when he fought successfully to compete in the 2012 Olympics with his artificial legs? 2 What did Brittain mean by “the deep irony”?

Passage B – Vocabulary and structure 1. Complete the following words according to their definitions. The first letter of each word is given for your reference. 1 d________ n. a period of 10 years ecade 2 a________ adj. not real or natural, but made to look real or natural rtificial 3 r________ v. to behave in a particular way because of sth. that has happened or been said eact 4 i________ n. a principle about what is morally right or a perfect standard that you hope to achieve deal 5 r________ v. to spoil or destroy sth. completely uin 6 e________ v. to get sth. that you deserve or have worked for arn

Passage B – Vocabulary and structure 2. Compare each pair of words and complete the following sentences with the right one. Change the form if necessary. 1 govern, governing The school’s ___________ body took responsibility for the decision. governing The country is ___________ by elected representatives (代表) of the people. governed 2 react, reaction Her parents’ ___________ to the news was surprisingly calm. reaction We can only guess at how James would ___________ if he saw his ballroom today. react

Passage B – Vocabulary and structure 2. Compare each pair of words and complete the following sentences with the right one. Change the form if necessary. 3 professional, profession Her ability carried her to the top of her ___________. profession It seems that people are spending a lot of money on ___________ tennis. professional 4 fair, unfair Teachers have to be ___________ in marking examination papers. fair unfair It would be ___________ not to let you have a choice.

Passage B – Vocabulary and structure 3. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the form if necessary. lead to find out point out focus on in addition to come from 1 He accidentally _____________ what the problem was. found out 2 Opening the new supermarket has _______ the creation of 200 jobs. led to 3 Tom said that the candidates of this talent show ________________ all over the world. came from

Passage B – Vocabulary and structure 3. Complete the following sentences with the expressions given below. Change the form if necessary. lead to find out point out focus on in addition to come from 4 ____________ his musicals, Bernstein has written symphonies (交响曲) and ballet music. In addition to 5 Today we’re going to ___________ the question of homeless people. focus on 6 The manager ___________ that his products were far superior (更好的) to those of other companies’. points out

Passage B – Vocabulary and structure 4. Combine the sentence beginnings in Column A with the endings in Column B to form complete sentences. Column A Column B … but he is not so bad as you might think. … he has to study a second foreign language. … it is already two o’clock. … I’ll show you the garden. When it stops raining, … According to my watch, … In addition to English, … It’s true that he stole the bicycle, …

Passage B – Translation 1. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. It’s true that better technology has shaped the Olympics, but people want to celebrate athletes for their hard work rather than their use of the latest sports technology. 毫无疑问先进的科技影响了奥林匹克，但是人们想要庆祝的是运动员的努力而不是他们使用了最先进的运动科技。 2. Governing bodies for Olympic sports should actively monitor the latest technologies that could affect sports performances and plan rather than merely react to changes,… 奥林匹克运动会的管理层应该积极监督能够影响运动成绩和运动计划的最新科技而不只是对这些变化作出反应······

Passage B – Translation 2. Translate the following sentences into English with the help of the words and expressions given in brackets. 1.评论家们普遍认为，她的新书会使她的早期作品黯然失色。(overshadow) _________________________________________________________________________ The critics generally considered that her new book would overshadow the early ones. 2.人们担心地方政府的这项新政策会限制当地的经济发展。(restrict) ________________________________________________________________________________________ People worried that the new policy of the local government would restrict the local economic development. 3.经过一年的刻苦努力，她的画技有了很大的提高。(improvement) ______________________________________________ ________________________ After a year of hard work, there has been great improvement in her painting.

Passage B – Oral work Work in groups to discuss the following questions. 1 What do you think of some people’s concern that sports technologies benefit rich people and countries more than poor ones? Do you think they should be banned? Why or why not? 2 In your opinion, which one plays a greater role in breaking records, athletes’ hard work or technology? Why?

Passage B – Oral work Reference 1 It is possible that sports technologies benefit rich people and countries more than poor ones. I think they should be banned, because sports technologies cost a lot of money, and rich people and countries have money to buy some latest technologies to enhance their sports performance, while poor ones don’t have the money. It seems not to be very fair.(I don’t think they should be banned. Because technologies are not always useful, and spirit in sports is usually much more important than the performance.) 2 I think athletes’ hard work plays a greater role in breaking records. Because with development of training methods and hard work, athletes can still break records without help of technology such as Sun Yang in the Olympics. (I think technology plays a greater role in breaking records. Because athletes almost reach the limits of bodies in sports performance, technology seems to be more important to enhance their performance.)

Grammar Infinitives （不定式） Exercises

Grammar - Infinitives 不定式是非谓语动词的一种。非谓语动词是在句子中不作谓语的动词，也就是动词的非谓语形式。除了不定式外，非谓语动词主要还包括动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词）。 不定式有两种，即带 to 的不定式（to + 动词原形）和不带 to 的不定式（动词原形）。不定式有一般时、进行时、完成时和完成进行时，也有主动语态和被动语态之分。 主动语态 被动语态 一般时 to do to be done 进行时 to be doing 无被动语态结构 完成时 to have done to have been done 完成进行时 To have been doing

Grammar - Infinitives 动词不定式在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和宾语补足语等。下面仅谈不定式作主语和宾语补足语的一些用法。

1) To say something is one thing, to do it is another. Grammar - Infinitives 一、动词不定式作主语 1 不定式作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 1) To say something is one thing, to do it is another. 2) To learn English well requires much practice. 不定式可直接作句子主语，但在更多情况下都用 it 作形式主语，而把不定式这个真正主语放到句子后部去，这样可以使主语不至显得太长，保持句子的平衡。 1) To restore (修复) the painting in one week is impossible. → It is impossible to restore the painting in one week. 2) To climb mountains needs courage and strength. → It needs courage and strength to climb mountains.

His fans expected him to be the winner of the singing contest. Grammar - Infinitives 二、动词不定式作宾语补足语 1 不定式作宾语补足语，与宾语构成复合宾语（名词 / 代词 + 不定式），形成逻辑上的主谓关系。常见的接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 advise, allow, ask, consider, expect, force, invite, like, persuade, want, wish 等。 His fans expected him to be the winner of the singing contest. The famous singer invited many friends to come to her wedding.

1) They often hear Tom sing. 2) Tom was often heard to sing this song. Grammar - Infinitives 2 在有些动词之后的宾语补足语结构中，不定式符号 to 必须省略。 A. 在 have, let, make 等使役动词之后的复合宾语中用不带 to 的不定式。 The interviewer made Peter wait outside. B. 在 feel, hear, notice, see, watch 等感官动词之后的复合宾语中用不带 to 的不定式。 Mother didn’t see Christine come in and go upstairs. 但使役动词和感官动词为被动语态时，其后仍用带 to 的不定式，试比较： 1) They often hear Tom sing. 2) Tom was often heard to sing this song.

1. Rewrite the following sentences with “it” as the formal subject.. Grammar - Exercises 1. Rewrite the following sentences with “it” as the formal subject.. Sample: To keep your money in a bank would be safer. It would be safer to keep your money in a bank. To get to London by train took us six hours. __________________________________________________ It took us six hours to get to London by train. 2. To translate Mo Yan’s novels into English is not easy. __________________________________________________ It is not easy to translate Mo Yan’s novels into English. 3. To watch the final of the World Cup is really exciting. __________________________________________________ It is really exciting to watch the final of the World Cup. 4. To keep a racehorse will cost a great deal of money. __________________________________________________ It will cost a great deal of money to keep a racehorse.

to reconsider come talk to finish Grammar - Exercises 2. Complete the following sentences with proper infinitive form of the verbs in brackets. 1. Why not advise the manager _____________ (reconsider) his decision? to reconsider 2. Don’t forget to have John ________ (come) for dinner tomorrow? come 3. In the museum I noticed Mary ______ (talk) with David alone for a moment. talk to finish 4. Students are made __________ (finish) the research paper within a month.

Writing Notes Exercises

Writing – Descriptive essays Notes 描写文是用来描写人物、事物、地点或某个情景的文体。 描写有客观描写和主观描写之分。 客观描写只描写事实，传递信息，描写的内容不会随着观察者的看法而改变，其特征是客观准确。 主观描写就是观察者在描述对象的特征时，流露出自己的主观感受或看法。 从描写对象上来说，描写又可分为以下几类：

Writing – Descriptive essays Notes 人物描写：描写人物时，我们不仅要描写人物的外貌，还应该抓住人物的语言和行为特征，尤其是要抓住其与众不同的地方，揭示人物的性格特征和思想感情。 物体描写：描写物体时，我们一般可以从该物体的形状、大小、颜色、质地等方面入手，突出描写该物体某一个或几个重要特征。 地点描写：地点描写有时可能仅仅是为了反映某地本身、其位置、周围环境及独特之处，但有时也可能是为了表现人物的性格特征或是制造某种氛围。地点描写往往按照一定的空间顺序展开。 情景描写：情景描写指的是在特定的时间和地点以人物活动为中心的画面描写，通常包括三个基本要素：场景、人物和动作。

The restaurant Writing – Descriptive essays 下面我们通过一篇例文来体会描写文的这些特点。 The restaurant On any given weekend, young people get together for an evening of fun. Friends gather to go to the movies, to a local meeting place, or to a trendy (时髦的) restaurant. These are normal activities, but not for me. I am a server. It is eight p.m., and I scan the restaurant and take in all the action—people from all walks of life interacting with each other.

Writing – Descriptive essays In the left corner of the restaurant are several small round tables, and at this moment, they are all occupied. At one table, I can see a group of four young men, who are wearing brightly colored career outfits. They are all laughing heartily (开怀地). I think one of them has just finished telling a joke. In the central area of the restaurant sits a couple. I can clearly see their shiny wedding rings on their ring fingers. In addition, I can now see that they are arguing about something. They are hunched (弓身) forward, and their faces are tense. I am glad that I cannot hear what they are saying; their body language speaks more loudly than any words that I could ever hear. In the far right corner of the restaurant, a middle-aged man is sitting alone. I can smell his top-of-the-line cologne (古龙水) whenever I pass by as I head to the kitchen. Every once in a while, he asks the server to refresh his cup of coffee.

Writing – Descriptive essays This is my job. It might not be the most socially rewarding job in the world, but every night I learn something new about the nuances (细微差别) of human interaction. That makes me happy. 这篇例文以第一人称的方式描述了一名餐厅侍者晚间工作时的所见所闻。文章主体部分的描写按照空间顺序展开，从左到右，由近到远，依次描写了一群兴高采烈的年轻人、一对陷入争执的夫妇和一位独自啜饮咖啡的中年人。文中既有客观描写，又有主观描写。在描写餐厅见闻的同时，融入了作者自己的主观看法和感受，比如庆幸自己听不到夫妇俩吵架的声音等。从描写对象上看，文中着重体现了人物描写和情景描写。通过对人物的穿戴、表情、动作的描写，从视觉、听觉和嗅觉等角度出发生动地塑造了三组人物形象。同时作者在三个特定场景中表现人物的活动，属于情景描写的范畴。除了人物描写和情景描写之外，文中对地点描写和物体描写也有所涉及，比如对桌子位置和对衣饰的描写，着墨不多，有助于表现人物性格和制造氛围。

My hometown is still in my heart Writing - Exercises Read the following essay. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences. My hometown is still in my heart The memories and joy I have experienced in Harrogate, Tennessee will always have a special place in my heart. My house resided in the country. A cow field was my backyard, and I would play hide and seek with my friends behind the hay (干草) bales (大捆). From the moment we got home until the moment the pinkish, yellow sun was setting, my friends and I were always in a new adventure. At times, the golden rays would shine and radiate without a cloud in the sky. The grass had already dried from the early morning dew, making it look freshly cut and greener than ever.

Writing - Exercises Read the following essay. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences. During winter season, it would snow fervently. Sometimes school was called off, and my friends and I would get so excited and call each other to make plans to go sledding (乘雪橇) ! Hours later our paths would be perfectly carved in the snow, and we would bready to go in and change to dry clothes, watch a movie, and drink a cup of hot chocolate.

Writing - Exercises Read the following essay. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences. When summertime came around again, the park was a popular place to be. I always made new friends there, and there was always so much to do with these new acquaintances. Activities consisted of playing basketball, playing in the sand, riding bikes, and so much more! If I could, I would go back and relive some of these memories. No matter where I go, Harrogate will be home in my heart. No matter how old I am, Harrogate holds some of the most memorable parts of my life.

1. The underlined sentence belongs to ____. B A description of a scene Writing - Exercises Read the following essay. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences. 1. The underlined sentence belongs to ____. B A description of a scene B description of an object 2. The italicized sentence belongs to ____. B A objective description B subjective description

3. Generally speaking, this essay is organized according to ____. A A Writing - Exercises Read the following essay. Choose the best way to complete each of the following sentences. 3. Generally speaking, this essay is organized according to ____. A A time B space 4. The tense the writer uses in the body part is ____. B A simple present tense B simple past tense

Culture express Sustainable and green Stadium of London Olympic Games Questions

Culture express The design and build The Olympic Stadium is both innovative and flexible, with an 80,000 capacity that can be reduced after the Games. It has a permanent lower tier with a capacity of 25,000, and a temporary steel and concrete upper tier, which holds a further 55,000 spectators, that can be dismantled (拆卸) after the Games. The Stadium is also the most sustainable ever built for an Olympic Games. The lower tier sits within a bowl in the ground, which minimizes the use of construction materials. This bowl was created by excavating (挖) 800,000 tonnes of soil, the majority of which was cleaned and reused elsewhere on the Olympic Park.

Culture express Around 10,000 tonnes of steel were used to build the venue—significantly less than in other Olympic stadiums, making its construction more sustainable. The top ring of the Stadium was built using surplus gas pipes—a visual testament to London 2012’s efforts to “reduce, reuse and recycle.” After the Games The Stadium is designed to be flexible enough to accommodate (迎合) a number of different requirements and capacities in legacy. It will retain athletics at its core, and also be a venue for other sporting, cultural and community events.

Culture express Work in groups to discuss the following questions. 1 Compared with Beijing’s spectacular Bird’s Nest, what do you think of the London Olympic Stadium? 2 Does the Olympic Games in Beijing involve green ideas? List some examples.

Reference Culture express 1. Compared with Beijing’s spectacular Bird’s Nest, what do you think of the London Olympics Stadium? I think the London Olympics Stadium is more sustainable than Beijing Bird’s Nest. Sports architects are often asked to create athletic temples that will last for decades. The London Olympic Stadium is designed with a clear future in mind: disassembly. Hoping to avoid the now familiar trap of building an Olympic Stadium with little future purpose—like Beijing's spectacular Bird's Nest, which these days hosts winter sledding events and not much else—organizers of the 2012 London Games asked sports-architecture firm Populous to design a stadium that could be downsized and remade for a different future use. The result is a stadium with 25,000 seats that are meant to be permanent and 55,000 that can be easily removed after the Games.

Reference Culture express 2. Does the Olympic Games in Being involve green ideas? List some examples. Yes, the Olympic Games in Being involve some green ideas, because “Green Olympics” is one of the three themes of Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. For example, Beijing succeeded in disposing of 90 percent of its urban sewage in the proper manner. More than half of the treated wastewater, or 360 million cubic meters, has been reused both in the agricultural and industrial sectors, especially in cooling towers of power plants. Under the concept of a “Green Olympics”, restrooms in the Workers’ Stadium have been updated with energy saving technology, and numerous kinds of equipment have been replaced with newer versions that reduce energy consumption. Water systems, drainage systems, automatic sprinkler systems, and fire detection systems have all been updated.