Switzerland

contents 1 history 2 geography 3 politics 4 economy 5 culture

1 history Around 1000 AD，in the Roman era，it is a part of the Holy Roman Empire 1291 .8 .1 The precursor of modern Switzerland established a protective alliance , forming a loose confederation of states(the beginning of switzerlnd). In 1648, European countries recognized Switzerland‘s independence from the Holy Roman Empire and its neutrality . In 1815， in the Congress of Vienna fully re-established Swiss independence and the European powers agreed to permanently Swiss neutrality .since then ,Switzerland was always neutral during the international wars even in the two world wars.So far it is not a member of European Union . In 1848 ，Switzerland was founded as a federal state. On 2002 Sep20 ，switzerland jioned in the United Nations.

2 Geography Switzerland ,officially the Swiss Confederation ， is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons. It is situated in Western Europe and is a landlocked country whose territory is geographically divided between the Alps, the Central Plateau and Jura . Alps is Europe's highest and largest mountain range,and there are several more than a few kilometers mountains in Switzerland, which are covered ice and snow all year round , and which makes swiss a famous tourist resort in the world . It is bordered by Germany to the north, France to the west, Italy to the south, and Austria and Liechtenstein to the east. The population of Swiss mostly concentrates in Zurich and Geneva. It is hereby known as the “ world garden "," kingdom of watch", " cradle of tourism ”.

整个国家的领土被侏罗纪，高原，阿尔卑斯山脉三种地形地理分割。国境几乎都在阿尔卑斯山脉之中,所以整个国土几乎70%被大山覆盖。 Its territory is geographically divided between the Alps, the Central Plateau and J ura . Almost the whole swiss lies in the Alps ,so almost 70 percent of the country is covered by mountains. 整个国家的领土被侏罗纪，高原，阿尔卑斯山脉三种地形地理分割。国境几乎都在阿尔卑斯山脉之中,所以整个国土几乎70%被大山覆盖。

Berne

Zurich Zurich in Switzerland has a unique position, she is the largest city in Switzerland and famous international financial centre. Zurich economic zone is the economic powerhouse of the Swiss. With important portal for Switzerland Zurich and Geneva. Zurich is Switzerland‘s largest city

Fountain in Geneva, Switzerland Big fountain (Jet d 'Eau) is located in Geneva, Switzerland in a very large artificial fountain, lake Geneva with high-pressure pump to extract Geneva lake and in the air, spewing up to about 140 m. This fountain is also a famous landmarks in Geneva, Geneva, from can see many places. Fountain in Geneva, Switzerland

Tielis ECONOMY Tielis mountain (Mount Titles) at an altitude of 3020 meters, is located in the eng fort near lucerne (Engelberg), the top of the hill with a panoramic view hotel, gazebo and restaurant, also is one of the most famous scenic spots in the Alps, is known as the perpetual glaciers and ice cracks of the harmony in the world.

Summit of Matterhorn马特峰 Matt peak also called chercervino peak, is the most famous mountains in the Alps. Matt peak position in the border of Switzerland, Italy, near the town in valais zermatt , Switzerland and Italy is the Austin its valley town of buller , cherviniar ( Breuil Cervinia). By the German "Matt" is the name of the Matterhorn (valleys, grassland) and "horn" (peak cone shaped like a horn).

007 film On.Her.Majesty’s.Secret.Service was shot here 雪朗峰 schilthorn 007 film On.Her.Majesty’s.Secret.Service was shot here Snow peak is located in Switzerland interlochen city south of the Alps group, Ken, beside the jungfrau mountain peak At an altitude of 2970 meters, for 2970 series one of the film "the queen star in thrilling fight scenes in this film is famous

St. Moritz 圣莫里茨 St. Moritz was mentioned in James Bond film Goldfinger as a skiing resort. Also mentioned in James Bond film For Your Eyes Only. and On Her Majesty's Secret Service

St. Moritz is a resort town in Switzerland ，which lies in the Eastern Alps，St. Moritz has been the host city for the 1928 and 1948 Winter Olympics. It also hosted the 1934, 1974 and 2003 Alpine Skiing World Championships.

3 Politics In 1815， in the Congress of Vienna ,European countries agreed to permanently Swiss neutrality . Due to its neutrality ,it is a home to many international organizations. The Swiss Federal Council is a seven-member executive council that heads the federal administration, operating as a combination cabinet and collective presidency. Any Swiss citizen eligible to be a member of the National Council can be elected; The Federal Council members is elected by the Federal Assembly for a four-year term.

Federal council members and Secretary-general of swizerland in 2011 2011年的瑞士联邦委员与秘书长

Some international organizations whose homes are in swiss 安全理事会 Security Council 国际足联 FIFA(Federation Internationale de Football Association 洛桑 奥委会 （IOC）Olympic Committee 洛桑 世界知识产权组织 World Intellectual Property Organization WIPO 日内瓦 世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization WTO 日内瓦 联合国粮食及农业组织 (Food and Agriculture Organization) 日内瓦 国际货币基金组织 (International Monetary Fund) IMF 日内瓦 联合国儿童基金会 (United Nations Children‘s Fund) UNICEF 日内瓦 红十字会 International Committee of the Red Cross（ICRC） 日内瓦 世界卫生组织 World Health Organization WHO 日内瓦

4 Economy Swiss is one of the richest countries in the world .The economy of Switzerland is one of the world’s most stable economies. Its policy of long-term monetary security and political stability has made Switzerland a safe haven for investors.. Switzerland has achieved one of the highest per capita incomes in the world and has low unemployment rates and a low budget deficit. It has developed tourism, finance , banking and chemical industry . Pharmaceutical and Precision industry also have outstanding performance .The service sector has also come to play a significant economic role. It is a member of many important international organizations such as UN( United Nations) WTO，IMF(International Monetary Fund) ，OECD (Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development） Word Bank etc. 4 Economy

Banking Swiss bank has long been considered the world's most trusted bank, about a quarter of the world's personal wealth is stored here. Swiss bank deposits account for 1 / 3 of the total global savings. The status of a neutral country of Switzerland, a stable political and economic environment and unique secrecy is the reason for the Swiss bank ‘s popular 瑞士银行是世界上很受推崇和值得信赖的银行，大约世界上有四分之一私人财富贮存在这儿。 瑞士银行储蓄占全球总储蓄的三分之一。 中立国家的位置，稳定的政治和经济环境，及严格的保密措施是瑞士银行受欢迎的重要原因。

Bank of International Settlements in Basel 巴塞尔的国际清算银行

Credit Suisse - the world's fifth largest financiagroups, Switzerland's second largest bank 瑞士信贷银行-世界第五大金融组织 瑞士第二大银行

Davos Davos lies in Switzerland River, 1560 meters above sea level. Mountains here, an exquisite scenery, A broad main street across the city, on the hillside are wellspaced lined on both sides of the color harmony of buildings.Davos, though small, they have wide fame. Usually at the beginning of each year, annual meeting of the World Economic Forum to be held here, the World Economic Forum is also called " Davos ".Davos,in Switzerland, a small town to be the largest alpine ski resorts of Europe and the World Economic Forum is famous 达沃斯位于瑞士兰德瓦瑟河畔，海拔1560米。这里群山环抱，风光旖旎，一条宽阔的中心大街横穿市区，两旁山坡上错落有致地排列着色彩和谐的楼房。达沃斯虽小，却遐迩闻名。通常在每年年初，世界经济论坛都要在这里召开年会，因此世界经济论坛也被称为“达沃斯论坛”。 瑞士达沃斯小镇以欧洲最大的高山滑雪场和世界经济论坛闻名于世

5 culture In western Switzerland, the areas bordering with France, there is a place called the real home of the top watch -- Jurassic valleys （在瑞士西部，与法国接壤的边境有一个地方被叫做瑞士钟表圣地之侏罗纪山谷）

Wrist Watch Patek Philippe 百达翡丽

Wrist Watch VACHELON CONSTANTIN 江诗丹顿

Wrist Watch ROLEX 劳力士

PIAGET 伯爵 Wrist Watch

Roger Federer is a Swiss professional tennis player who held the ATP（Association of Tennis Professionals ）no. 1 position for a record 237 consecutive weeks , Federer has won a men‘s record 16 Grand Slam singles titles . One of the greatest tennis player 罗杰·费德勒 瑞士男子职业网球运动员，拥有ATP（国际职业网球联合会)排名历史上单打世界排名第一连续周数最长的纪录（237周，2004–2008年间），史上最伟大的选手之一 。

The army knife was invented in 1884, the name derived from the use of Swiss soldiers. In daily life, we can use it for multipurpose such as travel, hiking, fishing, car and bicycle repair, also using for diving and model aircraft. The market price ranger from 100 to 2000 yuan. Army Knife

Army Knife

Nescafe belongs to Nestlé group in switzerland

Novartis International AG is a multinational pharmaceutical company based in Basel, Switzerland, Novartis is the sixth largest pharmaceutical company in terms of revenue ($41.5 billion in 2009) in the world.

The flag of Switzerland consists of a red square with a white cross in the centre . White symbolizes peace, justice and a bright, red symbolizes the people's victory, happiness and enthusiasm; the entire pictorial of the flag symbolizes the unity of the nation. In 1889 . the original red rectangle flag was changed into a square one, which symbolizes diplomatic policy of impartiality and neutrality of switzerland . 白色象征和平、公正和光明，红色象征着人民的胜利、幸福和热情；国旗的整组图案象征国家的统一。这面国旗在1889曾作过修改，把原来的红地白十字横长方形改为正方形，象征国家在外交上采取的公正和中立的政策。

Title Switzerland has four official languages. 瑞士有四种官方语言。 Italian意大利语 German德语 7.6％ 76％ Romansh 拉丁罗曼语 French法语 19.2％ 0.6％ Switzerland has four official languages. 瑞士有四种官方语言。 Title

According to statistics, Switzerland is the country with the highest consumption of chocolate.

chocolate

Fondue is a Swiss and French dish of melted cheese served in a communal pot over a spirit lamp , sometimes put some wine in the pot. there are side servings of kirsch, raw garlic, pickled gherkins, onions and olives etc. people dip long-stemmed forks with pieces of bread into the melted cheese . 是一种瑞士火锅，做法是把奶酪煮溶，在酒精炉温暖著的火锅中放入奶酪融化，锅里会加一点白酒，依著不同的口味，配有不同的配料 ,如樱桃酒，生蒜 ，腌黄瓜，洋葱和橄榄等。品尝时，以一柄很长的叉子，插上切成方丁的面包、蘸着香浓的奶酪。

fondue

Cheese, the soul of the Swiss food

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