Unit 5

1. This is the best hotel in the city _______ I know. 2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady ____ comes from Beijing. 3. Is there anything else _______ you want? 4. What’s the name of the man ______ car you borrowed? that /× who that /× whose

5. All the apples ____ fall are eaten by wild boars. 6. Can you think of anyone ____ could look after him? 7. Is that the house _________ you bought last year? 8. He showed a machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. that who which /× whose

定义： 修饰限定名词或代词的句子就叫做定语从句。 引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词： who, whom, whose, which, that

1. 关系副词 where This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.

The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.

This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. The school where my son studies is near a park. in which in which where 引导的定语从句修饰表示地点 的名词, 并在定语从句中作 _________, 相当于“介词 + _________ (which)”。 地点状语 关系代词

2. 关系副词 when They’ll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. They’ll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.

The days are gone forever. We lived together happily during those days. The days when we lived together happily are gone forever.

They’ll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland. on which The days when we lived together happily are gone forever. during which when 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的 名词, 在定语从句中作 _________, 相当 于“介词 + _________ (which)”。 时间状语 关系代词

3. 关系副词 why There are many reasons. People like traveling for many reasons. There are many reasons why people like traveling. for which why 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 reason, 在从句中作原因状语, 相当于“for + which”。

The relative adverb Referring to Function in the clause when ( = at/ in/ on/… + which) where ( = in/ at/… + which) why ( = for + which) adverbial of time time adverbial of place place adverbial of reason reason

The mines why I got a job was the 5th of August The mines why I got a job was the 5th of August. The reason where I worked was because of my hard work. The time when I joined the were 9 km from ANC Youth League my home. The government building where we voted was late at night. The date when I arrived was very tall.

on … occasion: 在 …… 时刻/场合 1. Beijing is the place _______________ I was born. 2. Is this the reason ______________ he refused our offer? 3. I will never forget the day _________ ______ I first met you on the seashore. 4. There are occasions ______________ one must yield. where (in which) n. 场合；时机 on … occasion: 在 …… 时刻/场合 why (for which) when (on which) occasions on when (on which)

a. This is the place where he works. This is the place which / that we visited last year. b. That was the day when he arrived. Do you still remember the day that/which we spent together? c. This is the reason why he left. The reason that/which he gave us was quite reasonable. 选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中所做成分。当先行词在从句中作状语，则选择相应的关系 _____。当先行词在从句中作主语, 宾语或表语, 则选择相应的关系 _____。 副词 代词

及时练 I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked (vi.) together. 2. I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent (vt.) together. 3. I went to the company _______________ I worked (vi.) ten years ago. when/in which which where / in which

4. I went to the company ______ I visited (vt.) ten years ago. 5. This is the reason ______________ he was late. 6. This is the reason __________ he gave. (vt.) which why/ for which that/which

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词 + 关系代词引导。

1. I will give you the book (that/which) you asked for. 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时, 如先行词是物, 关系代词只能为which。 1. I will give you the book (that/which) you asked for. = I will give you the book for which you asked. 2. We met the man (whom/that/who) we talked about. = We met the man about whom we talked. 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时, 如先行词是人, 关系代词只能为whom。

He is the man ___ whom you can believe. in 1. 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 He is the man ___ whom you can believe. in 2. 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He gave me some books _____ which I am not very familiar. with 3. 根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配 This is our classroom, ______________ which there is a teacher’s desk. in the front of

listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词, 在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

1. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea. 2 1. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea. 2. The film star ___________ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow. 3. The West Lake _________ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful. 4. The subject ________ Xiao Wang is good is physics. from which about whom for which at which

5. The reason _________ he could not go there was that his grades was too low. 6. The professor __________ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science. 7. Could you tell me the day ________ you arrived? 8. I will treasure the days ________ I lived here. for which with whom on which in which

1. The person with whom ______ (我和他住在一起) was a good friend of mine. 2. The house in which ____________ (我居住的) was far away from my work. 3. The company for which _________ (我工作的) was founded five years ago. I lived I was staying I worked

4. The address to which _______________ ____ (我的信件被发送到的) was in South Africa. 5. The team for which _____________ (我为 之做研究的) is the best in China. 6. The scientist from whom ________ (我向 他学习的) never lost heart when he was in trouble. my letters were sent I did research I learned

1. The time when I first met Nelson 1. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 2. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 3. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.

1. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 2. Today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 3. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.

1. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 2. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 3. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 4. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

Finish part 4 on page 37.

A biography is simply the story of a life A biography is simply the story of a life. Biographies can be just a few sentences long, or they can fill an entire book — or two.

Short biographies tell the basic facts of someone’s life and importance. Biographies analyze and interpret the events in a person’s life.

Biographies are usually about famous people, which tell us a lot about a particular time and place. They are often about historical figures, but they can also be about people still living.

Select a person you are interested in Find out the basic facts of the person’s life. Start with the encyclopedia and almanac.

Think about what else you would like to know about the person, and what parts of the life you want to write most about. Some questions you might want to think about include:

What makes this person special or interesting? What kind of effect did he or she have on the world? Other people? What are the adjectives you would most use to describe the person? What examples from their life illustrate those qualities?

What events shaped or changed this person’s life? Did he or she overcome obstacles? Take risks? Get lucky? Would the world be better or worse if this person hadn’t lived? How and why?

Do additional research at your library or on the Internet to find information that helps you answer these questions and tell an interesting story. Write your biography.

忠实历史，实事求是，再现传主的精神风貌。 突出展示人物个性和写出典型事迹。

以时间为序 以空间变换为序 以时空转换为序

Look at the life of Nelson Mandela and find out what happened to him in 1999. In pairs discuss what qualities make Mandela a great man. And write a summary of Nelson Mandela’s life using the following timeline.

18/7/1918 born near Transkei (South Africa) 1937 enter university but did not complete degree 1940 completed law degree at the university

1944 formed ANC Youth League 1952 set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg, later this year, law office closed by government because he attacked anti-black laws 1961 government by and for white people set up in South Africa

1962 sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws 1963 ANC began to blow up buildings 1964 sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island for being one of the ANC leaders

1982 moved to a prison in Cape Town 1990 released from prison 1991 became President of the ANC 1993 won the Nobel Peace Prize became President of South Africa 1999 _____________________________

第一步 认真审题(analyze the requirements） 第二步 谋篇布局(draw up an outline) 第三步 联句成篇(organize the sentences) 第四步 锦上添花(get the article polished up) 第五步 查漏补缺 (check the mistakes)

审主题 审体裁 审人称 审时态 a summary of Nelson Mandela’s life a biography the third the past tense

按时间顺序列出提纲

Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. He entered university in 1937 but did not complete his law degree at the university in 1940.

He formed ANC Youth League in 1944. In 1952 he set up a law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg, later this year, his law office was closed by government because he attacked anti-black laws.

In 1961 government by and for white people was set up in South Africa. In 1962 he was sentenced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. In 1963 ANC began to blow up buildings.

In 1964 he was sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island for being one of the ANC leaders. In 1982 he was moved to a prison in Cape Town.

In 1990 he was released from prison. In 1991 he became president of the ANC. In 1993 he won the Nobel Peace Prize. In 1994 he became President of South Africa.

逻辑角度 合适的过渡性词汇 时间顺序 空间顺序 first, second, then, finally at last, soon, immediately, suddenly here, there, on one side … on the other side, in front of, at the back of, next to

逻辑角度 合适的过渡性词汇 对称顺序 转折顺序 for one thing, for the other thing, on one hand, on the other hand but, however, while, though, otherwise

逻辑角度 合适的过渡性词汇 因果顺序 条件顺序 because, since, as, thanks to, as a result (of) as long as, so long as, on condition that, if, unless

逻辑角度 合适的过渡性词汇 让步顺序 递进顺序 though, as, even if/though, whether, who (what, when, where) ever what’s more, besides, to make the matter worse, what’s worse

逻辑角度 合适的过渡性词汇 表示总结 in a word, altogether, all in all, in general

He formed ANC Youth League in 1944. 打破常规 formed 取代 founded

被动提色显技巧 Government closed his law office because he attacked anti-black laws. His law office was closed by government because he attacked anti-black laws. 被动提色显技巧

In 1961 government by and for white people was set up in South Africa. In 1962 he was sentenced to five years hard labor for encouraging violence against anti-black laws. In 1990 he was released from prison.

His law office was closed by government because he attacked anti-black laws. After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nelson Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the ANC. In 1961 government by and for white people was set up in South Africa. 合理过渡离不了

Be sure that you didn’t make any spelling, logical and grammatical mistakes.

Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918 Nelson Mandela was born in Transkei, South Africa on July 18, 1918. His father was Chief Henry Mandela of the Tembu Tribe. Mandela himself entered university in 1937 but did not complete his law degree at the university in 1940.

In 1944 he formed ANC Youth League and was engaged in resistance against the ruling National Party’s apartheid policies after 1948. After that in 1952 he set up a law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg, later this year, his law office was closed by government because he attacked anti-black laws.

After the banning of the ANC in 1960, Nelson Mandela argued for the setting up of a military wing within the ANC. In 1961 government by and for white people was set up in South Africa. In that condition Mandela was sentenced to five years hard labor for encouraging violence against anti-black laws.

In 1963 for resisting unfairly treatment, ANC began to blow up buildings. The next year Mandela was sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island for being one of the ANC leaders. And in 1982 he was moved to a prison in Cape Town.

During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela’s reputation grew steadily During his years in prison, Nelson Mandela’s reputation grew steadily. He was widely accepted as the most significant black leader in South Africa and became a potent symbol of resistance as the anti-apartheid movement gathered strength.

Finally in 1990 he was released from prison and he became President of the ANC the next year. With his great contribution to the peace of South Africa in 1993 he won the Nobel Peace Prize and in 1994 he became President of South Africa.

Finish writing task on page 75. Homework Finish writing task on page 75.

1. This is the best hotel in the city _______ I know. 2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady ____ comes from Beijing. 3. Is there anything else _______ you want? 4. What’s the name of the man ______ car you borrowed? that /× who that /× whose

5. All the apples ____ fall are eaten by wild boars. 6. Can you think of anyone ____ could look after him? 7. Is that the house _________ you bought last year? 8. He showed a machine ______ parts are too small to be seen. that who which /× whose

定义： 修饰限定名词或代词的句子就叫做定语从句。 引导定语从句的关系词有： 关系代词： who, whom, whose, which, that

1. 关系副词 where This is the factory. I worked in the factory ten years ago. This is the factory where I worked ten years ago.

The school is near a park. My son studies in this school. The school where my son studies is near a park.

This is the factory where I worked ten years ago. The school where my son studies is near a park. in which in which where 引导的定语从句修饰表示地点 的名词, 并在定语从句中作 _________, 相当于“介词 + _________ (which)”。 地点状语 关系代词

2. 关系副词 when They’ll never forget July 1. Hong Kong returned to its motherland on July 1. They’ll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland.

The days are gone forever. We lived together happily during those days. The days when we lived together happily are gone forever.

They’ll never forget July 1 when Hong Kong returned to its motherland. on which The days when we lived together happily are gone forever. during which when 引导的定语从句修饰表示时间的 名词, 在定语从句中作 _________, 相当 于“介词 + _________ (which)”。 时间状语 关系代词

3. 关系副词 why There are many reasons. People like traveling for many reasons. There are many reasons why people like traveling. for which why 引导的定语从句修饰先行词 reason, 在从句中作原因状语, 相当于“for + which”。

The relative adverb Referring to Function in the clause when ( = at/ in/ on/… + which) where ( = in/ at/… + which) why ( = for + which) adverbial of time time adverbial of place place adverbial of reason reason

The mines why I got a job was the 5th of August The mines why I got a job was the 5th of August. The reason where I worked was because of my hard work. The time when I joined the were 9 km from ANC Youth League my home. The government building where we voted was late at night. The date when I arrived was very tall.

on … occasion: 在 …… 时刻/场合 1. Beijing is the place _______________ I was born. 2. Is this the reason ______________ he refused our offer? 3. I will never forget the day _________ ______ I first met you on the seashore. 4. There are occasions ______________ one must yield. where (in which) n. 场合；时机 on … occasion: 在 …… 时刻/场合 why (for which) when (on which) occasions on when (on which)

a. This is the place where he works. This is the place which / that we visited last year. b. That was the day when he arrived. Do you still remember the day that/which we spent together? c. This is the reason why he left. The reason that/which he gave us was quite reasonable. 选择定语从句的关系词一定要看先行词在从句中所做成分。当先行词在从句中作状语，则选择相应的关系 _____。当先行词在从句中作主语, 宾语或表语, 则选择相应的关系 _____。 副词 代词

及时练 I’ll never forget the days _____________ we worked (vi.) together. 2. I’ll never forget the days _____ we spent (vt.) together. 3. I went to the company _______________ I worked (vi.) ten years ago. when/in which which where / in which

4. I went to the company ______ I visited (vt.) ten years ago. 5. This is the reason ______________ he was late. 6. This is the reason __________ he gave. (vt.) which why/ for which that/which

关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时, 从句常由介词 + 关系代词引导。

1. I will give you the book (that/which) you asked for. 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时, 如先行词是物, 关系代词只能为which。 1. I will give you the book (that/which) you asked for. = I will give you the book for which you asked. 2. We met the man (whom/that/who) we talked about. = We met the man about whom we talked. 介词 + 关系代词引导定语从句时, 如先行词是人, 关系代词只能为whom。

He is the man ___ whom you can believe. in 1. 看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配 He is the man ___ whom you can believe. in 2. 看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配 He gave me some books _____ which I am not very familiar. with 3. 根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配 This is our classroom, ______________ which there is a teacher’s desk. in the front of

listen to, look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of 等固定短语动词, 在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。 This is the boy whom she has taken care of.

1. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea. 2 1. This is the rock ___________ the boy fell down into the sea. 2. The film star ___________ we talked a lot yesterday will give us a speech tomorrow. 3. The West Lake _________ Hangzhou is famous in the world will be more beautiful. 4. The subject ________ Xiao Wang is good is physics. from which about whom for which at which

5. The reason _________ he could not go there was that his grades was too low. 6. The professor __________ Mr. Smith shook hands yesterday has made new discoveries in science. 7. Could you tell me the day ________ you arrived? 8. I will treasure the days ________ I lived here. for which with whom on which in which

1. The person with whom ______ (我和他住在一起) was a good friend of mine. 2. The house in which ____________ (我居住的) was far away from my work. 3. The company for which _________ (我工作的) was founded five years ago. I lived I was staying I worked

4. The address to which _______________ ____ (我的信件被发送到的) was in South Africa. 5. The team for which _____________ (我为 之做研究的) is the best in China. 6. The scientist from whom ________ (我向 他学习的) never lost heart when he was in trouble. my letters were sent I did research I learned

1. The time when I first met Nelson 1. The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life. 2. However, this was a time when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg. 3. The day when Nelson Mandela helped me was one of my happiest.

1. The school where I studied for only two years was three kilometers away. 2. Today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all. 3. The places outside the towns where they were sent to live were the poorest parts of South Africa.

1. He was generous with his time, for which I was grateful. 2. The parts of town in which they had to live were decided by white people. 3. We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government. 4. Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.

Finish part 4 on page 37.