Period Seven 阅读理解

一、中考中常见的题型 二、解题方法与技巧 阅读理解重点掌握文章的事实，了解细节， 还要体会文章含义，领会其主旨。 1. 选择填空 2. 回答问题 3. 判断正误 二、解题方法与技巧 1. 通读全文，了解大意 要了解出题人的意图，抓住文章的主题句。 主题句一般出现在文章的开头和结尾，也有些文 章没有主题句，需要学生自己去归纳。主题句对 全文起提示、启迪、概括、归纳的作用。归纳概 括题、中心思想题可以直接从主题句中找到答案。

三、例题解析 2. 带着问题，复读原文 在通读文章后，要浏览文后的练习题。带着 问题重新阅读文章，解决一些直观性的题目。有 些问题可以在文章找到原句作为答案。 3. 推理判断，确定答案 有些难的题目需要进行分析推理或归纳，但 不能脱离语言材料而胡乱猜测，还有些涉及日常 生活或其他学科知识的试题，要注意推理的科学 性和合理性，再结合语言材料判断答题。 三、例题解析

I live in a beautiful city. Many visitors come to No. 4 Middle School Kunming, Yunnan April 2nd, 2002 Dear editor, I live in a beautiful city. Many visitors come to our city. There are so many colorful peacocks (孔雀) here. The peacocks mostly live on the grassland of Dongfeng Square (广场). They are given food freely by visitors. They usually throw food to them, and don’t think about at all whether the food is right or not. Some of the peacocks became ill, some even died after eating the bad food given by the visitors.

I’m sure most of the visitors who throw food to the peacocks really like the birds, but don’t realize (意识到) that they may be doing them harm (伤害). The visitors should be told that what they have done is very harmful to the birds, and this kind of thing must be stopped from happening. Perhaps we can build some small shops beside Dongfeng Square to sell peacock food. For us every person, it’s our duty to give more love to these beautiful birds and to look after them carefully. Yours, Sun Yan

1. Many visitors come to the writer’s city to ______. A. do some shopping B. see beautiful peacocks C. play on Dongfeng Square D. eat nice food 2. Some peacocks became ill and died because some visitors ______. A. didn’t give them any food B. gave them too much food C. threw them some bad food D. loved them and played with them 3. Some shops can be built beside Dongfeng Square so that they may ______. B C B

A. sell food for visitors B. sell food for peacocks C. make the square more beautiful D. have the beautiful birds 4. From the passage we know people should ______. A. live and play with the birds B. stop the birds from eating too much C. give right food to the birds D. give more food to the birds 5. We can guess the writer of the letter, Sun Yan, may be a ______. A. visitor B. shopkeeper C. square keeper D. student C D

[解析]1. 文章第一段只是提到“许多参观者来到我 们城市。这里有许多美丽多彩的孔雀”虽然文章 没有明确指出参观者来的目的，但是我们可以从 这两句中推断出游客来的目的是看孔雀。 2. 文章第二段最后指出了一些孔雀死亡的原因是 吃了游客给的劣质食物。 3. 回答这个题的关键是要看清楚sell food for visitors和sell food for peacocks的含义，它们分 别意为“卖游客吃的食物”和“卖孔雀吃的食物”。 4. 文章中没有直接指出“我们应该给鸟儿吃是适 当的食物”，但是通过作者说的话及其观点来 推断，即可得出正确答案。

5. 这也是一个推理判断题，从作者的观点、语气 来看，该作者肯定不是“游客”“店员”“广场管理 员”。 B 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 I’m Joan Croft. I must have to say that I came into nursing by chance. I didn’t really like my first job, which was office work. It was all right—but that’s just about all you can say about it. I stayed in the same place with the same people around me all day and every day. Then I became a singer, which I enjoyed very much, but after a while the singing

group broke up (解救) and I had to start looking for something else. Some girls have wanted to be nurses ever since they were children, but it never entered my head until I saw an advertisement in a paper. I wrote in and thought, “Oh, well, I’ll give it a try.” One thing I liked about it was going away from home. The training itself is very interesting and most of it is just on the wards (病房), so that you very quickly begin nursing real patients. I lived in the nurses’ home when I arrived and I had my own room, which was very nice.

I like nursing more than I ever thought I would. I’ll always carry on nursing. I’ve got a boyfriend who is a doctor, so I hope to get married sometime, but wherever I live there’s sure to be a hospital in the place and there’s always a job for a nurse. 1. What was Joan’s first job? 2. What didn’t Joan like her first job? It was office work. Because she didn’t like staying in the same place with the same people around her all day and everyday./Because she was fed up with it.

3. Why didn’t Joan go on with her second job? 4. How did Joan find out the information about the nursing job? 5. What was Joan’s plan for the future? [解析] 1. 文章第一自然段的第三句话陈述了Joan的第一 份工作。 2. 文章第一自然段的第四句暗示了Joan为什么不 喜欢她的第一份工作。 Because the singing group broke up. She found an advertisement in a paper. She hoped to get married sometime and went on her nursing job.

3. 文中陈述了Joan的第二份工作是在一个 合唱组，她很喜欢这份工作，但后来合 唱组被迫解散。 4. 当护士是许多女孩子向往的工作，Joan 也不例外，在报纸上看到了应征工作之 后，便写了求职申请。 5. 文章最后一自然段陈述了Joan的现状和 计划安排。

C 阅读下列短文，判断正（T）误（F）。 Mr. Lee is a very rich man. He lives alone and enjoys buying old things. He bought a teapot for two million dollars, and showed it only to this friends George and Jenny. Then he locked it in the safe (保 险箱) at his house. That night, the safe was opened and the teapot was missing. Lee reported it and the police went and looked carefully around Lee’s house. They found a black ear-ring near the open safe. They also found there was a lot of earth on the wet ground outside, but inside, the floor was very clean.

The police first questioned George and Jenny. But neither of them agreed that he or she had taken the teapot. The police found Jenny was wearing a black necklace (项链), but no ear-rings. When she was shown the ear-ring, she agreed it was hers, but someone had taken it away from her house a month before. The police then questioned Lee and, in the end, he agreed he had taken his own teapot. He had bought insurance (保险) for it and would get two million dollars if the teapot was lost. He took Jenny’s ear-rings and put one near the safe.

1. George and Jenny are Lee’s friends and live in his house. 2. The teapot was shown by Lee to nobody except George and Jenny. 3. Jenny’s ear-rings were lost in Lee’s house. 4. It was clear that no one broke into the house for the teapot. 5. In the end, the police were sure that Lee had taken [解析] F T F T T

1. 从第二句话中的alone这个词，可以判断出该题 是错的。 2. 从第三句He…, and showed it only to his friends George and Jenny。可得出本题是对的。 3. 短文中的第二、三自然段都与该问题有关，因 此要学会运用联想思维，善于抓住能回答此问 题的关键词或句子：When she was shown the ear-ring, she agreed it was hers, but someone had taken it away from her house a month before. 关 键词是was shown，是被动语态，表示警察拿 出了了那只在保险箱附近捡到的耳环给詹妮看， she表示詹妮，句中的it 是指the ear-ing。

四、巩固练习 had taken it away from her house是关键词，是过 去完成时，表示在此事发生的前一个月，这只 耳环被偷走的。 4. 短文中The police then questioned Lee and in the end, he agreed he had taken his own teapot. 这句 话说明答案是对的。 5. 从第4题中提到的那句话，可以判断该题是正 确的。 四、巩固练习

Some people believe that schools will no longer be necessary in the near future. They say that because of the Internet and other new technology, there is no longer any need for school buildings, classes or teachers. Perhaps this will be true one day, but if the world has no schools, I can’t imagine how our society will be. In fact, we should learn how to use new technology to make schools better. We should invent a new kind of school that is linked (链接) to libraries, museums, science centers, labs and even companies. Technological companies should create (创造) learning programs for schools. Scientists could give talks through the Internet. TV networks and local stations could develop programs about things students are studying in school. Labs could set up websites to show new technology so students could see it on the Internet.

Is this a dream? No. There are already many cities where this is beginning to happen. Here the whole city is linked to the Internet, and learning can take place at home, at school, and in the office. Businesses provide programs for the schools and the society. The schools provide computer labs for people without their own computers at home. Because everyone can go on the Internet, older people use it as much as younger ones, and everyone can visit faraway libraries and museums as easily as nearby ones. How will this new kind of school change the usual way of learning? It is too early to be sure, but it is very exciting to think about it. Technology will change the way we learn; schools will change as well; and we will all learn something from the Internet.

1. Who thinks that students don’t have to learn at school? A. Everyone. B. The writer. C. Some people. D. The teachers. 2. What does “a new kind of school” mean in the passage? A. A school with many new computers. B. A school with many new students. C. A school with many new teachers. D. A school which is linked to the Internet. C D

3. Older people ____. A. never go on the Internet B. go on the Internet more often than younger ones C. go on the Internet as often as younger ones D. go on the Internet less often than younger ones 4. What the writer thinks is that ____. A. schools are still necessary B. more schools should be built C. there should be fewer schools D. more computers are needed in schools C A

5. Which of the following sentences is NOT true? A. Technology will change our way of learning. B. If you are a student, you can set up websites to show new technology. C. The schools provide computer labs for those who have no personal computers. D. On the Internet, you can visit another city’s library as easily as the people there. B

B 阅读短文，根据短文内容回答问题。 Jan Mela isn’t like most kids. Two years ago, he lost an arm and a leg. But that didn’t stop him. On Saturday, the 15-year-old boy from Poland (波兰) walked to the North Pole (北极) without any help. “If I can do it, other people can do great things, too,” Mela said before he went. Polish newspapers said Mela is the youngest person and the first handicapped (残疾的) person to walk to the North Pole.

How did Mela lose an arm and a leg? He had an electrical (电的) accident. Now, he walks with the help of a 62, 000-yuan man-made leg. After the accident, Mela felt sad for himself. But he didn’t lose hope. One day, he met Marek Kaminski, a Polish explorer. Eight years ago, Kaminski went to the North Pole and the South Pole in the same year. Mela wanted to see the North pole, too. So Mela asked Kaminski if they could go together next time. Kaminski said yes!

It took Mela 21 days to get to the North Pole. The last three or four days were really hard because of bad weather. But Mela kept going. “I didn’t think we would make it,” he said, “Then, things got better.” 1. What happened to Mela two years ago? 2. Why did Polish newspapers report the travel to the North Pole? He had an arm and a leg lost in an accident. Because it was made by the youngest person and the first handicapped person.

3. How does Mela walk after the accident? 4. Where did Kaminski go eight years ago? 5. Why did Mela make the travel? He walks with the help of a 62, 000-yuan man-made leg. He went to the North Pole and the South Pole. Because he wanted to show that nothing is hard, if you put your heart into it.

C 阅读下列短文，判断正（T）误（F）。 Being safe at school and in your everyday life needs knowledge. If you remember the following information, your life will be much safer. ●Always notice the environment around you. You shouldn’t walk alone outside. Make sure where the public phones are. If anything dangerous happens, you can find them quickly.

●Don’t use earphones (耳机) when running in the schoolyard or on the street. You will keep yourself from the outside world and can be easily surprised. ●School bags should be carried towards the front of your body instead of putting them on your back. When buses are crowded, it is easy enough for thieves to steal the things in your bags on your back. ●If you are followed by a stranger, cross the street and go in the other direction, let the stranger know that you know he or she is there. Next, go and get help from others if it is necessary. Don’t go home directly. You are safer in the street than you are in your home or in a lift.

●If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes before the buses leave. This prevents a stranger from studying you. On buses, don’t sit alone, sit behind the driver or with friends. Don’t sleep. ●Don’t play with matches (火柴) or candles, because it may cause fire. If your house catches fire and you have to escape through smoke, move on your hands and knees with your head 30 to 60 centimetres (厘米) above the floor. Please remember there is cleaner, cooler air near the floor during the fire.

1. If you find a stranger following you, go home right away. 2. You’d better sit after the driver when you are alone to take a bus. 3. It’s good for you to use earphones when you are running outside. 4. You shouldn’t sleep all the way although it’s a long bus trip. 5. During the fire, the cleaner and cooler air is far from the floor. 6. When you escape from the house on fire, you should move on your hands and knees with your head 300 to 600 centimetres above the floor. F T F T F