Learning about language Unit 4 Earthquake Learning about language

Discovering useful words and expressions 1 Find the correct word or expression for each of the following meanings. 1. _______ of no use 2. ________ all the people in a country 3. ________________ a lot of 4. ____ matter that not clean 5. _________ finished 6. ________ very great in degree 7. __________ immediately useless nation a great number of dirt at an end extreme right away

8. ______ gas that hot water gives out 9. _______ make someone feel very surprised 10. ______ metal bars that a train moves along 11. ______ save something or somebody from danger 12. ______ the part of a building left after the rest has been destroyed steam shock track rescue ruin

2 What words would be used when we talk about earthquakes? sad doctors nurses soldiers nervous Rescue work lonely Feelings Earthquakes SanFrancisco homes damages buildings events money Wenchuan Tangshan lives 4

3 Complete the passage with words from the text. It was a frightening night. The dam cracked and then _______ under the weight of the water. The water went all over the fields and _________ quite a few villages along the river. burst destroyed

Some buildings were in ______ and some farmers were _______ at the top of their houses. The water filled the canals and the ______. Dead bodies and ______ animals were seen everywhere. People were ________, but they had to ______ dead bodies for health reasons. It was a very sad time. ruins trapped wells injured shocked bury

4 Work in groups. Read some of the sentences and complete the others. When the earthquake came, it was as if the world was at an end. When the houses fell down, it sounded as if _______________________. a mountain had blown up

When the dam broke, it looked as if the sea had arrived suddenly on our doorstep. When the bricks covered the ground, it was as if ___________________________. When the coal mines fell, the ground above looked as if it would crack. When the cows ran down the road, they looked as if ______________________ ______________. stones were flowing like water they were driven by an unseen hand

When the shock hit us, we felt as if we were going to die. When the nation turned to help us in our need, it seemed as if _________________ ____________________________________. all China was thinking of us and was coming to our aid

Grammar The Attributive Clause Ⅰ

Declan is a famous singer. He sings the song tell me why. singer who sings the song tell me why.

He is a little boy. He is eating . He is a little boy who is eating.

He is a popular singer whose song is popular among young people. He is a famous singer who is from Taiwan.

Proverbs 谁笑到最后谁笑得最好。 He who laughs last laughs best. 结局好, 一切都好。 真正的友谊犹如健康的身体, 失去时 方知其可贵。 He who laughs last laughs best. All is well that ends well. Friendship is like health, the value of which is seldom known until it is lost.

定语从句 修饰主语、宾语、表语的句子就叫做定语从句。 引导定语从句的关联词有： 关系代词：who, whom whose, which, that 关系副词：when, where

Do you know the man who spoke just now? 定语从句的位置 定语从句一定放在被修饰成分之后。 e.g. This is the car which he bought last year. 先行词 定语从句 Do you know the man? He spoke just now. Do you know the man who spoke just now?

apple the red the green the small the big The apple which is red is mine. The apple which is green is yours. The apple which is red is small. The apple which is green is big.

I have read the newspaper which carries the important news. It carries the important news. I have read the newspaper which carries the important news.

I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning. I received it this morning. I showed him the letter (which) I received this morning.

that which who whom whose 引导定语从句的关系代词 that which who whom whose That 即指人又指物, 作主语或宾语。 Which 指物, 作主语或宾语。 who, whom 指人, who 作主语, whom作宾语。 that, which, whom在定语从句中 作宾语时, 可省去。

The girl (whom) I called just now is from America. e.g. Do you know the man (whom) we saw at the Beijing Hotel? The girl is from America. I called her just now. The girl (whom) I called just now is from America.

1. that 在从句中作主语或宾语，指人和物。 1) A plane is a machine that can fly. (主语) 2) The noodles that I cooked were delicious. (宾语) 3) Let’s ask the man that is reading the book over there. (主语) 4) The girl that we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (宾语)

2. Which 在从句中作主语或宾语，指物。 They planted the trees which didn’t need much water. (主语) 2) The fish which we bought were not fresh. (宾语) 3. who, whom 在从句中分别作主语和 宾语 (口语中who也可作宾语)。 The foreigner who visited our school yesterday is from Canada. (主语)

2) The boy who broke the window is called Michael. (主语) 3) The person to whom you just talked is Mr. Li. (宾语) 4) Mr. Read is the professor to whom you should write. (宾语)

4. whose 在从句中作定语，指人或 物。 Miss Flower is the teacher whose house caught fire last week. 2) This is the boy whose composition the teacher talked of. 3) This is the book whose cover is blue.

Note Ⅰ that和which在指物的情况下一般都可以互换，但在下列情况下，一般用that而不用which。 先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything等 不定代词时。 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.

(2) 先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much等修饰时。 I’ve read all the books that are not mine. (3) 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 This is the first book (that) he has read. (4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。 This is the very book that belongs to him.

The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person. Note Ⅱ 关系代词whose还可以在从句中 与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。 The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person.

2. 当先行词是one, ones, anybody, anyone, all, none, those 等, 指人时一般用who, 不用that. Those who want to go to the cinema will have to wait at the gate of the school. 在以疑问词who开头的句子中, 或关系代 词在从句中作表语时, 用that, 不用who。 Who is the man that is shouting there? She is not the girl that she used to be.

3. 先行词是人，从句中缺动词宾语或 介词宾语时，用whom或that(介词 后不用 that)。 The teacher wants to return the book to the girl from whom he borrowed it.

He is the student (whom, who, that) you want to see. 关系代词that, which , whom 在从句中作 宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则 不可省略。

真题解析 1. The famous basketball star, ____ tried to make a comeback, attracted a lot of attention. A. where B. when C. which D. who Key 解析: 本题考察定语从句关联词的选择, 从句意可知先行词the famous basketball star (著名的篮球明星) 是人，所以应用 表示人的关联词who。 D

C 2. (2006 北京) Women ___drink more than two cups of coffee a day have a greater chance of having heart disease than those ___ don’t. A. who;/   B. /; who  C. who; who   D. /;/ 解析: 本题考查两个定语从句, 这两个 定语从句都缺少主语, 在定语从句中, 如果是关系代词做定语从句的主语, 关系代词不能省略, 故答案选 C。

3. (2006 福建) Look out! Don’t get too close to the house ___ roof is under repair. A. whose B. which C. of which D. that 　解析: whose 在定语从句中做roof的 定语，用于修饰house。 A

4. --Is that the small town you often refer --Right, just the one ___ you know I used to work for years. (2005 福建) A. that B. which C. where D. what 解析: 从句中you know是插入语, 所以 用where引导表示地点的定语从句。 C　　

Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose. 1. The earthquake ___________ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history. that/which 2. We don’t know the number of people __________ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake. that/who 3. The house __________ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake. which/that

4. A house __________ is built on sand may fall down in an earthquake. which/that 5. Luckily none of the people ______________ I know were killed in the earthquake. who/whom/that 6. Harry is the boy ______ mother is our maths teacher. whose

7. Look at that lady ______ name is Rose. 8. He is a teacher ______________ I like very much. 9. Those pictures _________ were drawn by Tom are nice. 10. Those _____will go to the park stay here. 11. That was all the money ______I had. whose whom/who/that which/that who that

whose that that that/in which whom 12. Is there any one here _______ name is Tom? 13. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they remembered in the school. 14. Who ______ has common sense will do such a thing. 15. I don’t know the way ________________ he worked out. 16. The person to______ you just talked is Mr. Li. that that that/in which whom

高考链接 1. It is reported that two schools, ____ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. (2007 四川) A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which 2. We shouldn’t spent our money testing so many people, most of ___ are healthy. (2007 北京) A. that B. which C. what D. whom D D

3. He was educated at the local high school, ____ he went on to Beijing University. (2007 江苏) A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 4. The thought of going back home was ____ kept him happy while he was working abroad．(2007 上海) A. that B. all that C. all what D. which A B

5. Chan’s restaurant on Baker Street, ____ used to be poorly run, is now a successful business. (2007 浙江) A. that B. which C. who D. where 6. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree ____ they can be controlled on purpose. (2007 重庆卷) A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which B B

7. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, ____ wanted to buy it. (2007 安徽) A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom 8. Eric received training in computer for one year, _____ he found a job in a big company. (2007 辽宁) A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this D B

9. Yesterday she sold her car, ____ she bought a month ago. (2008 浙江) A. whom B. where C. that D. which D

改错 Under the big tree are 34 students, many of them come from class two. 2. My mother has a good book, which cover looks terrible. 3. Who are the young girls who are having dinner in the restaurant? whom whose that

4. She is one of the girls who is very interested in maths. 5. Tom is the only one of the boys who like playing football. 6. Who is the girl that you talked to her just now? 7. There is an old woman, that is holding a stick. are likes who

Homework 1. Finish the exercises on page 29. 2. Read the passage on Page 64. Complete the sentences below, using who, whom, which, that or whose.