Interlanguage Second Language Acquisition : Rod Ellis By Sakilah Bewafa (2201410001) Risqi Sugiarti (2201410006) Tri Iryani (2201410156) 去除PPT模板上的--无忧PPT整理发布的文字 首先打开PPT模板，选择视图，然后选择幻灯片母版 然后再在幻灯片母版视图中点击“无忧PPT整理发布”的文字文本框，删除，保存即可 更多PPT模板资源，请访问无忧PPT网站--http://www.51ppt.com.cn 使用时删除本备注即可   将此幻灯片插入到演示文稿中 将此模板作为演示文稿（.ppt 文件）保存到计算机上。 打开将包含该图像幻灯片的演示文稿。 在“幻灯片”选项卡上，将插入点置于将位于该图像幻灯片之前的幻灯片之后。（确保不要选择幻灯片。插入点应位于幻灯片之间。） 在“插入”菜单上，单击“幻灯片（从文件）”。 在“幻灯片搜索器”对话框中，单击“搜索演示文稿”选项卡。 单击“浏览”，找到并选择包含该图像幻灯片的演示文稿，然后单击“打开”。 在“幻灯片（从文件）”对话框中，选择该图像幻灯片。 选中“保留源格式”复选框。如果不选中此复选框，复制的幻灯片将继承在演示文稿中位于它之前的幻灯片的设计。 单击“插入”。 单击“关闭”。 Semarang State University 2012

Interlanguage Theories which are dealed with Interlanguage: Behaviourist learning theory Mentalist theory of language learning Back to school

Behaviourist learning theory Language learning is a kind of learning that involves habits formation. Habits are formed when the learners respond to stimuli in the environment and have their responses reinforcement. Back to school

Behaviourist learning theory Learners imitated models of correct language correct imitation  positive reinforcement example: “give me a pencil”  he gets a pencil Incorrect imitation  negative reinforcement example : “give me” he does not get a pencil Back to school

Behaviourist learning theory It can be seen that behaviourist accounts of L2 acquisition emphasize only what can be directly observed and ignored what goes on in the ‘black box’ of the learner’s mind. Back to school

Behaviourist learning theory Conclusion Learners frequently do not produce output that simply reproduces the input. the systematic nature of leaners errors demontrates that they are actively involved in constructing their own rules. Rules which resemblance to the pattern of the language modelled in the input. Learning is not just respon to the stimuli. Back to school

Mentalist theory of language learning The Nature (i.e. How the innate properties of the human mind shape learning) becomes attention in learning language. Back to school

Mentalist theory of language learning Mentalist theory (1960s and 1970s) stated : Only human beings are capable of learning language. The human mind is equipped with a faculty for learning language, referred to as a language acquisition device. The faculty is the primary determinant of language acquisition. Input is needed, but only to triger the operation of the language acquisition device. Back to school

What is ‘Interlanguage’? The concept of interlanguage drew directly on the mentalist views of L1 acquisition. Interlanguage Larry Selinker (American Linguist) The construction of linguistic system of L2 is different from L1 and target language (a unique linguistic system). Back to school

What is ‘Interlanguage’? The concepts of interlanguage : The learner constructs a system of abstract linguistic rules which underlies comprehension and production of the L2. The learner’s grammar is permeable (influence from the outside and inside). example: omission, generalization, transfer errors. Back to school

What is ‘Interlanguage’? The learner’s grammar is transitional. Learners change their grammar from one to another time by adding rules, deleting rules, and restructuring the whole system (interlanguage continuum). Interlanguage systems are homogeneous and variability in learner language reflects the mistakes they made. Back to school

What is ‘Interlanguage’? Learners employ various learning strategies such as omission, overgeneralization and transfer errors to develop their interlanguages. The learner’s grammar is likely to fossilize. The majority of learners stop developing the same mental grammar as native speaker, unless five percent of themonly. Back to school

What is ‘Interlanguage’? The concept of interlanguage offers a general account of how L2 acquisition takes place. This concept of interlanguage needs to be elaborated to address some questions raises about interlanguage. Back to school

A computational model of L2 acquisition Input output Intake L2 knowledge Back to school

A computational model of L2 acquisition Explanation: The learner is exposed to input, which is processed in two stages. First stage: intake parts of the input are attended to and taken into short-term memory. Back to school

A computational model of L2 acquisition Second stage: L2 knowledge some of the intake is stored in long-term memory. Finally, L2 knowledge is used by the learner to produce spoken and written output (learner language). Back to school