of Unit18 There is no royal road to learning. 学问无坦途

Analyze the sentences f g 1. The Dutchman Abel Tasman named the islands New Zealand a b c d e In 1642. f 2. Today there are still many people in New Zealand who call a b c d England “ the home country ” , although it is a place where most e f of them have never been. g

Revise the following expressions in Unit18: 1. lie off the eastern coast of 2. be made up of 3. be surrounded by 4. to the north 5. be about the same size as 5. on the North Island 6. in the north 7. further to the south 8. a mild sea climate 9. rain quite a lot 10. seas surrounding the island 11. deep blue 12. a natural deep harbor 13. a natural land-scape with green hills 14. dead volcanoes 15. be famous for 16. an area of hot springs 17. throw hot water high into the air 18. the earth’s surface 19. make electricity 20. the earliest people to come to 21. some 3,500 kilometers

Guessing Game 1)You don’t really hate each other, so why don’t you make up? 2) It’s time you made it up with your sister. 3) She makes up her face for 20 minutes in the morning. 4) You must make up what you owe before the end of the month. (repay) 5) She made up an excuse to explain her absence. 6) This beautiful autumn is making up for the wet summer. 7) We must make up for the lost time somehow.

Correct the sentences: 1.China is lies in east of Asia. China is/ lies in the east of Asia. 2.Chinese like sport,like basketball,pingpong, football . The Chinese like sports, such as basketball, pingpong, football. 3. If you come to China travel, If you come to China for travelling,

Correct the sentences: 4.People in China is very kind. People in China are very kind. 5.Our country is more beautiful than other country.. Our country is more beautiful than any other country.. 比较的双方是否为同一范围的“人”或“物”，如果是同一范围的，常用“any other +单数可数名词”或“any of the other +复数可数名词”形式。

6. There are many Fu Qing person gone to Japan. Many Fuqing people have been to Japan. 7. This is Xia Men lies on the south of China faced the Taiwan island which is my favourite city. My favourite city, Xiamen, lies in the south of China facing(which faces) Taiwan Island. Bohai Sea,Yellow River

替代词one, ones, that, those, it, this, that That替换单数可数名词或不可数名词；one只替换单数的可数名词。 Eg: The vase on the left is more beautiful than the one on the right. The coffee produced in Brazil is more famous than that in Mexico. That只用于替换表示事物的名词， 而one/ones替换表示人和表示事物的名词皆可。 Eg: His younger sister is taller than the elder one. I need that plastic bags, not the paper ones.

The computers in our school are connected to the Internet while those in their school aren’t. The football players on our team seem to be more energetic than those on your team. That/ those用于替换有定冠词的名词；one/ones用于替换有不定冠词的名词。 Eg: The style of the building is similar to that of a temple. A CD player made in Japan costs more than one made in Hong Kong.

2) it, this 和 that 都可以替代前文已提到的事或情况，细微差别在于it不如其余两者那么强调。 Eg: So she decided to paint the door pink. It upset the neighbours a bit. So she decided to paint the house pink. That really upset the neighbours, as you can imagine.

当前面提到的事物不止一件时， it通常指最先 提到的事物，而This/that是指最后提到的事物。 Eg: We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. It is mainly used by the children. (指 the machine) We keep the ice cream machine in the spare room. This/That is mainly used by the children. (指the spare room)

This可以出现在它所指代的事物之前；而that则指上文所提到的事物。 Eg: Listen to this! We will have three days off. “A penny saved is a penny earned.” Who said that?

3) It和one It用以指特定的前面提到过的事物，即：it和它替换的是同一个事物，it前无修饰语；而one用于替换与前提事物有共同之处但并不完全一样的事物，因此，one之前或之后一定有修饰语来加以区别。 Eg: I bought a dictionary three years ago and I am still using it now. I bought a dictionary three years ago but I am going to buy a new one soon.

it的基本用法 （1）用作人称代词，代替前文提到过的事物。 The train has arrived. It arrived half an hour ago. （2）用以代替提示代词this, that。 —What’s this? —It’s a knife. —Whose watch is that? —It’s mine. （3）起指示代词的作用，指一个人或事物。 —Who is knocking at the door? —It’s me. （4）指环境情况等。 It was very noisy (quiet) at the very moment. （5）指时间、季节等。 —What time is it? —It’s eight o’clock. It often rains in summer here. （6）指距离。 It is a long way to the school.

It is not easy to finish the work in two days. （7）作形式主语。 It is not easy to finish the work in two days. It is no use crying over spilt milk. It is as pity that you didn’t read the book. （8）作形式宾语。 I think it no use arguing with him. I found it very interesting to study English. He made it clear that he was not interested in that subject. （9）用于强调结构。 It was Xiaoming whom(that)I met in the street last night. It was in the street that I met Xiaoming last night. It ws last night that I met Xiaoming in the street. It was I who met Xiaoming in the street last night.

含有“It is …”的句型 （1）It is time (for sb.) to do sth. It is (high) time that sb. did sth.(虚拟语气) （2）It is + 形容词（+of / for sb.）+ to do sth. 通常用 of的词有brave、clever、careful、hopeless、kind、good、naughty、nice、silly、stupid、foolish、wise等。 （3）It is + 形容词 + that + sb. + (should) do sth.（虚拟语气） 能用于这个句型的形容词有strange、wonderful、natural、good、proper、right、wrong、well、fortunate、important、necessary、useless、likely、probable、impossible等。有时可省去should而直接用动词原形。如：It is important that we should pay close attention to grain. It is natural that he（should）say so.

（4）It is no use/ good + doing sth. It is no use trying again = It is of no use to try again. （5）It is + 被强调部分 + that/who + … Was it in the street that you met her? Who was it that called him“comrade”? It was not until yesterday that I met my old friend. It is in a small factory that my brother is going to work.（注意上述各句均为强调句型的“考点”） 比较：It is a small factory where my brother is going to work.（定语从句）

（6）It is said/reported/announced/ (well) known … that… （7）It is/was + 时间 + since … 从……已多久了。 It is three years since I met him in Beijing. It was a long time since I (had) lived in that small mountain village with these farmers. （注意两句中的时态） It is five months since I arrived in New York.我到纽约已经五个月了。 It is five months since I was in New York.我离开纽约已经五个月了。 （注意：终止性动词表示从动作发生时算起；如果是状态动词或持续性动词，则从动作或状态结束时算起。）

（8）It is + 时间 + before … 这个句型和上面句型中时间都是时间段，如long、years、months、weeks、five days、 three hours、twenty minutes等。不过主句的时态多用一般将来时或一般过去时。 It will be several years before we meet again. 我们要过好几年才能再见面。 It was not long before they set out for the front. 不久他们就出发去了前线

（9）It is /was/will be the first/second/third … time that … It is the first time that I have been here. It was the second time that he had seen the film. （10）It is up to sb. to do sth … 应由某人做某事。 It is up to you to decide whether we start or not.

1. _________ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.(NMET 2003) A.There B.This C.That D.It 2. I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ________.(NMET 2004) A.it B.those C.them D.one 3. Was __________ that I saw last night at the concert? A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself

It 用于强调句 结构：It+动词be+强调部分+who(whom)/that+其他部分it可以用来对句子的某一成分加以强调。Eg: Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was Nancy who saw your sister in Tokyo last week. It was your sister whom Nancy saw in Tokyo last week. It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week. It was last week that Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo.

Ex:把下列句子改为强调句： 1.Tom broke the window last night. 2. They want money. 3. Peter saw his friend in the park yesterday. 4. I didn’t have an opportunity of seeing her again for several years. 5. Why does everyone think I’m narrow-minded? 6. I didn’t receive my letter until yesterday? 7. Did Dick call the meeting last week? 8. Did it happen in 1980?

Good Luck, Boys&Girls!

有些否定句也可以改成这种强调结构： I didn’t hear from her until last summer. It wasn’t until last summer that I heard from her. I didn’t do all this for myself. It wasn’t for myself that I did all this. 问句也可变成这种结构： How did you forget to lock the door? How was it that you forgot to lock the door?