revision(1) The chairman thought _________necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. （2005全国Ⅰ） A．that B．it 　C．this 　D．him 2.The doctor advised Vera strongly that she should take a holiday, but _______ didn’t help. （2005全国Ⅲ） A．it 　B．she　C．which　D．he B A

3.The Foreign Minister said, “______ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” （2004北京） A This is 　　B There is　　 C That is　　D It is 4. The question is too difficult and we found _____. A. it not easy to answer it B. it was not easy for us to answer C. it’s not easy to answer D. it not easy to answer D A

A 5. Jim passed the driving test, _________ surprised everybody in the office.(2005浙江) A．which　　B．that 　 C．this 　　 D．it 6. We’ve been looking at the houses but haven’t found _________ we like yet. (2005浙江) A．one 　B．ones 　C．it 　D．them A

take action/measures to do sth factor element finally eventually revision(2) A differ from B in sth is ent stand for represent action take action/measures to do sth factor element finally eventually adv. originally origin n. combine combination pronunciation v. pronounce

revision(2) ____the direction of/_____ the direction (指导)of in under …the symbol _____purity of be opposite_____/ the opposite of to people _________ opposite sitting ___________, she felt that the report was fair. On the whole His view was not popular with the students ___________. as a whole

revision(2) Food/ Climate ____________ me here. disagrees with disagree _____ sb/one’s words/what sb say with set out ________ /set about _______ sth to do doing ban sb ____________sth/a ban ____ smoking from diong on Would you __________ a drink? care for He didn’t __________ his clothes. care about have access ____a famous university to

The development of Chinese characters

NO! Do the Chinese characters remain the same for thousands of years? Question Do the Chinese characters remain the same for thousands of years? NO! Chinese characters are always changing!

Cang Jie. In the 1950s. Fast reading Who first invented Chinese writing? When did the Chinese government introduce simplified Chinese characters? Cang Jie. In the 1950s.

Listen to the tape and answer the following questions. How old is the Chinese writing? 2. How did Cang Jie invent Chinese writing? 3. What do we call the first real Chinese characters? 4. How did the character of “mountain” develop over time? Can you give any other examples?

Answer the following questions. How old is the Chinese writing? 2. How did Cang Jie invent Chinese writing? Thousands of years. Cang Jie saw the footprints of birds and animals in the snow and he got the idea he could use different shapes or pictures to represent objects.

3. What do we call the first real Chinese characters? We call them pictograghs, which mean line drawings of physical objects. 4. How did the character of “mountain” develop over time? Can you give any other examples? The pictograph for a mountain was originally three peaks together. Then this became one peak and three lines and finally turned into the character we use today.

The main idea of each paragraph: pictographs characters used to express ideas ideographs会意字 development origin 形声字 pictophonetic simplified Chinese characters indicatives指事字 brief introduction characters used to express directions and numbers

pictographs line drawings of _______ objects physical

Pictograph moon mountain sheep sun ox human woman A pictograph is a depiction(描绘) of an object. moon mountain sheep sun Pictograph ox human woman

A man leans against a tree, which means that he is resting. Ideographs 会意字 combine two or more elements together A man leans against a tree, which means that he is resting.

Ideographs combine two or more elements together eye ear 聪 mouth heart

Ideographs Practice 森 坐 男 休 好 Please move the boxes around to make a character to match the English word. sit man rest good forest 森 坐 男 休 好 子 女 力 田 人 木 人 人 土 木 木 木

indicatives 指事字 to indicate directions and numbers up 上 down 下 一 二 三

indicatives

帽、洋、姥、驶、材、枝、钢、侣、铜 、洲 pictophonetic 形声字 one part meaning , the other part sound 帽、洋、姥、驶、材、枝、钢、侣、铜 、洲

Forms and development of Chinese characters the first real Chinese characters pictograph (para3.4) characters made by combining two or more elements together ideograph (para5) the form of the characters which are used to indicate directions and numbers indicative (para6) One part of the characters indicates meaning while the other showing sound pictophonetic(para7)

structure Part1 (para1) brief introduction Part2 (para2) origin pictographs ideographs会意字 Part3 (para3-7) indicatives指事字 pictophonetic Part4 (para8) simplified Chinese characters

贞(会意) 夕(象形) 今(会意) 雨(象形) 其(象形) 疾(会意)

Extension Extension development of Chinese characters

Oracle Bone Inscriptions 战国文字 小篆 甲骨文 金文 Oracle Bone Inscriptions Bronze Inscriptions Lesser Seal Characters

Lesser seal characters 江流有声 断岸千尺 小篆 Lesser seal characters 野鹤巢边松最古 仙人掌上雨初晴

隶书 草书 Official Script Cursive Script

永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也。群贤毕至，少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹。又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水...... 行书 running Script 楷书 formal Script 王曦之《兰亭序》

Language points

I don’t like the way (in which/that) he treats his child. The way a written language developed can tell us just as much about a culture as the history of a spoken language. 一种书面语言的发展方式,能告诉我们关于一种口语的历史,同样也告诉我们文化方面的东西. 1.我不喜欢他对待孩子的方式. I don’t like the way (in which/that) he treats his child. 2.他解决问题的方式很奇特. The way he solved the problems was strange.

The Chinese language differs from many Western languages in that it uses characters which have meanings and can stand alone as words. 汉语与很多西方语言不同,区别在于汉语使用的基本单位汉字本身就具有意义. A differ from B in … Men are alike in their promises. It is only in their deeds that they differ (from each other). 人在许诺时都一样,不同之处在于他们的行动.

differ from/with sb. on/about sth 与某人在某事上意见不一致 I’m sorry to differ from/ with you about that question. 对不起, 关于这个问题我与你的看法不同.

It doesn’t make any difference to me whether you go or stay. 相关链接: make a/ no/ some/little difference 有一点/没有/有些/几乎没有作用/关系/影响 对我来说,你走或留都没有关系. It doesn’t make any difference to me whether you go or stay. in that 因为; 原因是; 在于 He differed from other people in that he always looked farther ahead in his work. 他和别人不同的是他在工作中比别人都看 得远些.

This painting represents a storm. 这幅画描绘暴风雨。 2. 代表 Chinese people invented numerous characters to represent ideas, objects or actions. 中国人发明了无数的汉字来表达思想,物体或动物. represent vt. 1. 表现；描写；描画 This painting represents a storm. 这幅画描绘暴风雨。 2. 代表 We chose a committee to represent us. 我们选出一个委员会来代表我们。

Chinese words are often formed by combining different characters. combine v. 使联合/结合 常与介词with 连用 这两个党不可能联合在一起. It’s impossible to combine the two parties. 我们必须使理论与时间相结合. We should combine theory with practice. 这两个小店合并起来成为一个大商店。 The two small shops combined to make a large one. combination结合；联合；合并 His character is a combination of strength and kindness. 他的性格是刚与柔的结合。

She simplified the instructions so that Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more complex Simplify 简化,使单纯 她简化了指令以便于儿童理解 She simplified the instructions so that the children could understand them 那可简化了我的工作 That will simplify my task Simplified version /simplified Chinese characters

The human body has a very complex organization 人体是个非常复杂的机体 The human body has a very complex organization But the company says a complex system like this is often not needed in situations where the aim is just to make water safe to drink

However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms.但是，总体而言，中文字 是从图形演变成标准字符的。 develop …(from)…into发展成…(从…)发展成… The modern city develops from a backward countryside. 这个现代大都市是从一个落后的村庄发展而来的。

There are many other examples reflecting the development of Chinese writing 白色衣服因反射热穿起来比较凉快。 White clothes are cooler because they reflect the heat. 这封信是否反映了你的真实感觉？ Does this letter reflect how you feel?

However, not all characters are used to describe objects. 然而并不是所有汉字都是用来描述物体的. ◆当not与all, both, everyone, everything, everywhere, everyday 等连用时为部分否定, 意为”并不都......” 1. All that glitters is not gold. = Not all that glitters is gold. 闪光的并不都是金子. 2. Both of them haven’t read this story. =Only one of them has read this story. 并非他们二人都看过这个故事.

All of us do not agree to the plan. None of us agree(s) to the plan. 用nothing /none/nobody来表示全部否定 比较下面的句子: All of us do not agree to the plan. None of us agree(s) to the plan. 我们并不是都同意这个计划. 我们都不同意这个计划. Everything is not ready. Nothing is ready. 并不是一切都准备好了. 一切都没准备好.

A sign indicated the right road for us to follow. 一个路标给我们指出应走的路。 2. 暗示 Though pictographs indicate meanings, they do not show how they should be pronounced. 尽管象形字可以表意,但它们不可以表音. indicate 1. 指出;指示;标示 A sign indicated the right road for us to follow. 一个路标给我们指出应走的路。 2. 暗示 I indicated that his help was not welcome. 我表示他的帮助不受欢迎。 3. 表示明白 In this map, the towns are indicated by a red dot. 在这张地图上，城镇是用小红点标的。

from differs over time According to over time according to differ from in that this way turn…into as a whole develop …into from differs Old English _______ greatly _____ the modern English we use today. 2. Life on the island has changed __________ because of the growing number of tourists who visit it every year. 3. ______________ the tickets, the train will leave at 8:30. We’d better hurry to get to the station on time! over time According to

turned into this way as a whole in that 4. She said it was the teacher’s praise and encouragement that ______ her ______ a good student. 5. Install this spell check software on your computer. You will avoid making spelling mistakes__________. 6. Considering your idea ____________, I think it will contribute significantly to the development of the company. However, it may cause some problems as well. 7.I was lucky _________ I was able to find what I wanted. turned into this way as a whole in that

Thank you

仓颉, 汉字的创始人,是古代神话传说中黄帝的史官.据说刻在兽骨和龟甲上的文字也是由他发明的.他被尊为 “造字圣人”. Cang Jie, who is believed to have invented Chinese characters, used to work as a history official under the Yellow Emperor in ancient China. It is said that the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells were also invented by him. He has been taken as a legendary figure in Chinese history and culture. 仓颉, 汉字的创始人,是古代神话传说中黄帝的史官.据说刻在兽骨和龟甲上的文字也是由他发明的.他被尊为 “造字圣人”.