12英语2班：王晓珏 仇丹妮 潘冬菊 袁承敏 吴爱婷 尹苗苗 Saussure and Chomsky 12英语2班：王晓珏 仇丹妮 潘冬菊 袁承敏 吴爱婷 尹苗苗
Ferdinand de Saussure 弗迪南·德·索绪尔 Biography Ferdinand de Saussure (1857-1913) was a Swiss linguist who occupies an important place in the history of linguistics. He was the pivotal figure in the transition from the 19th to 20th century, and is generally considered the founder of modern linguistics.
Main Work Course in General Linguistics 《普通语言学教程》 It was posthumously published in 1916. It is considered Saussure’s most influential work. His ideas in this book leave a monumental impact. "A linguistic system is a series of differences of sound combined with a series of differences of ideas." -Ferdinand de Saussure
Saussure’s Linguistic Structuralism Langue and Parole 语言和言语 Synchronic and Diachronic 共时和历时 Sign, Signifier and Signified 符号，能指和所指 The Nature of Linguistic Signs 语言符号的特征
Avram Noam Chomsky 诺姆·乔姆斯基博士 Biography Avram Noam Chomsky is an American linguist, philosopher, cognitive scientist, logician, political commentator, social justice activist, and anarcho-syndicalist advocate. Sometimes described as the “father of modern linguistics”, Chomsky is also a major figure in analytic philosophy.
Main Works Syntactic Structures (1957) 《句法结构》 Current Issues in Linguistic Theory(1964) 《当前语言学中的争端》 Aspects of the Theory of Syntax(1965) 《句法理论的若干问题》 Language and Mind(1968) 《语言和心灵》 Studies on Semantics in Generative Grammar(1972) 《生成语法的语义学研究》 Reflections on Language（1975） 《语言论》
Chomsky’s Linguistic Theories Language Competence 语言能力 Knowledge that native speakers have of their knowledge as a system of abstract formal relations Language Performance 语言表达 Native speaker’s actual linguistics behavior or the actual use of this knowledge
Similarties Represent a similar classification of knowledge and behavior and a similar dichotomy of the scope of linguistic inquiry。 Their underlying considerations are the same.
Differences Chomsky‘s language competence is a psychological construct. Saussure’s langue is a set of social conventions.
THANK YOU