Lost civilizations(1) ______unit 3 Reading

Brainstorming 1.What do you know about the Seven Wonders of the World in ancient times? They are the Pharos of Alexandria (埃及的亚历山大灯塔）, the Colossus of Rhodes（地中海的罗得岛太阳神铜像）, the Temple of Artemis(土耳其阿泰密斯女神庙）, the Mausoleum of Halicarnassus（土耳其国王摩索拉斯陵墓）, the Statue of Zeus, the Hanging Gardens of Babylon and the Pyramids in Egypt.

On the seven wonders of the ancient world, only the pyramids of Egypt still stand. Fragments(碎片,断片)remain of two others: the Mausoleum at Halicarnassus, and the temple of Artemis.Through the years, artists have attempted to pick the others: the Hanging Gardens of Babylon, the statue of Zeus at Olympia, the Colossus of Rhodes, and the Pharos of Alexandria. 视频

2.Why these wonders disappeared? What happened? Because of war, earthquake and other reasons, they were all destroyed centuries ago except the Great Pyramid of Egypt.

3.What does the title Lost Civilizations mean? Lost civilizations means ancient buildings, cultures and countries that no longer existed.

Pompeii

Pompeii, ancient city of Italy, a port near Naples and at the foot of Mt.Vesuvius. In August of AD79,the city was buried alive by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius.

Pompeii today

Today all we can see of Pompeii are ruins Today all we can see of Pompeii are ruins. But the ruins tell us many things about the ancient world. The disaster that destroyed the city of Pompeii in 79 AD preserved forever a treasury of the past. Careful excavation and exploration of the ruins continues to add to our knowledge of ancient Roman times.

Lou Lan

The ancient State of Loulan was a small state established in the Western Regions in ancient times before 176 B.C. and lasted until the seventh century. It had been a flourishing community, but when the Han dynasty fell in AD 220, it was overtaken by the Xiongnu (minority people) who cut the city off from all communication with Chang'an (the ancient capital).

The Ancient City of Loulan played a very important role on the Silk Road. Chinese silks, tea, and jewelries were firstly exported to other regions and countries through the Ancient City of Loulan.

Fast Read the diary entries quickly and answer these questions: Reading Read the diary entries quickly and answer these questions:

1.What country is the author from? 2.What is one main similarity between Pompeii and Loulan? 3. Who was made director of the Pompeii dig in 1860? 4.Who is Professor Zhang?

1.What country is the author from? Canada 2. What is one main similarity between Pompeii and Loulan? Both of them became lost civilizations about 2,000 years ago.

3. Who was made director of the Pompeii dig in 1860? The Italian archaeologist Giuseppe Fiorelli. 4. Who is Professor Zhang? An archaeologist from the local cultural institute.

Careful reading Please read the passage carefully and try to fill the blanks.

Reading strategy: reading diary entries When you are reading diary entries recording someone’s travels, you should look for: ⑴ ⑵ ⑶ dates and place names facts and historical information personal feelings and opinions

Pompeii Loulan a rich city Italy When was it founded? Where was it located? (1) China When was it founded? In the 8th century BC (5) What kind of city was it? a rich city (6) Why was it destroyed? (2) (7) Italy about 2,000 years ago a wealthy commercial city the eruption of Vesuvius volcano gradually covered over by sandstorms

What can you find about the city now? How was it discovered? In the 18th century, a farmer found some stone with writing on it,then people started to dig. (8) What can you find about the city now? Streets with(3) Houses with(4) Bodies of people that had been turned to stone The city walls,(9) that ran through the middle of the city 100 years ago, the Swedish explorer Hedin discovered the ruins of it as well as a lot of treasures. palaces,temples, workshops and towers,an ancient water system stepping stones along the road mosaic floors and wall paintings

Challenge: According to the text and the chart, can you summarize the main idea of each diary entry?

Day 1: Telling the purpose of the trip and the two destinations. Day 2: Listening to a lecture about the city of Pompeii and the volcano eruption. Day 3: Visiting the buried city-----Pompeii and get amazed at it. Day 10: Tired but excited to arrive in Loulan after several days of traveling. Day 11: Introducing the discovery of dead city-----Loulan and feeling sad.

1)What happened soon after the ruins of Pompeii was found? It was well protected by the local government. It was dug by the Italian archaeologist Giuseppe. It was badly damaged by people digging in the area for treasure. The bodies of people buried were stolen.

2) Which of the following statements is NOT true? Both of the two cities are lost civilizations about 2,000 years ago. Both of the two cities were discovered by local people. Pompeii was destroyed by a volcano while Loulan was gradually covered over by sandstorms. Pompeii was in Italy while Loulan was in China.

To arouse people’s sense of protecting civilizations 3) The purpose of writing this passage is____. To show how happy the writer was to have such a chance to visit the sites. To arouse people’s sense of protecting civilizations to compare the civilizations of Pompeii and Loulan To tell us how Pompeii and Loulan were destroyed.

Mount Vesuvius erupted. Find the historical information about Pompeii and Loulan. Pompeii time event in the 8th century in 89 BC on 24th Aug. AD 79 in 1860 It was founded. It was taken over by the Romans. Mount Vesuvius erupted. Giuseppe Fiorelli was made director of the Pompeii dig.

Lou 2000 years ago lan from AD 200 to AD 500 100 years ago   It existed as a commercial city. It was covered over gradually by sand storms. It was discovered by a Swedish explorer.

Facts/Historical information Dates Places Facts/Historical information Personal feelings Day 1 15th July Day2 16th July Brief introduction Take over by Romans, and buried on 24th August AD79 A lecture about Pompeii sorry

Loulan Loulan Day 11 25th July 17th July amazing Day 10 24th July Several houses with mosaic floors and wall paintings, the volcano is still there The ancient Roman city of Pompeii amazing A small wealthy commercial city and a stopping point on the Silk Road Loulan excited The desert was once a green land with enormous trees Loulan regretful

Fill in the blanks with proper words. Italy Both Pompeii in ________and Loulan in China became ____ ________ about 2000 years ago. Pompeii was ________ in the 8th century BC and was _____ _______ by the Romans in 89BC. On 24th Aug.AD79, Mount Vesuvius _________ and the city were _______ __________. Loulan was a _________ _________ on the Silk Road. It disappeared under the ________. There are just a few _________ left. Some _________, such as coins and painted pots, was found. Iost civilizations founded taken over erupted buried alive stopping point storm ruins treasure

Homework: 1.Read the passage again and again, try to retell it. 2.P44 .45 on the text book.

Thank you to be with us.

Lost civilization(2) ______unit 3 Reading

Check the exercises on page 44.45

What happened to Pompeii in August AD 79? C1 How well did you understand the details in the diary? Read it again carefully and answer the following questions. What happened to Pompeii in August AD 79? Mount Vesuvius erupted and lava, ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside. All the people in Pompeii were buried alive, and so was the city.

2. How was the buried city discovered? It was discovered in the 18th century when a farmer found some stone with writing on it. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. So in 1860, the Italian archaeologist Giuseppe Fiorelli was made director of the Pompeii dig.

3. What were the stepping stones along the road in Pompeii used for? 4. Why was Loulan an important city about 2,000 years ago? With the stones, people did not have to step in the mud in the streets on rainy days. Because it was a stopping point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West

5. How do many people think Loulan disappeared? 6. According to the last sentence, how did the author feel about the loss of Loulan? It was gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500. She felt that it was a pity!

C2 The writers of diaries often record feelings or opinions (emotions) as well as what they have done(actions). Do the sentences below express emotions(E) or actions(A)? 1 I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. 2 This morning we went to a lecture about Pompeii. 3 Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city ! 4 How amazing ! E / A

E / A 5 People started to dig in the area for treasure. When I walked around the city, I saw streets just as they had been. I am so excited to be here! 8 Sven found the remains of building buried under the sand. E / A

D2 Find the following words in the text and decide what they refer to. 1 the city 2 which 3 there 4 it 5 that Pompeii the fact that people started to dig in the area for treasure near Pompeii Loulan the fact that the desert was once a green land with enormous trees

Give the English words according to the definitions. （of a volcano）throw out of lava and ash erupt represent act or speak for a group sadly ，unluckily unfortunately rich wealthy parts of a building that remain after it has been badly damaged or destroyed ruins enormous huge take over take control of house provide space for

Useful phrases

10. be buried alive 11. cause much damage 12. turn to stone 13.be covered with ash 14. be off 15. house many of the treasures 16. neither…nor 17. wealthy commercial city 18. a stopping point 被活埋 造成了很大的破坏 变成石头 被火山灰覆盖 离开 收藏了许多宝物 即不…也不 富有的商业小城 歇脚点

19. local cultural institute 20. the remains of buildings 21. together…with 22. prevent….from 23. a saying goes… 24. as long ago as 25.make sb. director 当地文化研究所 建筑物的遗迹 和…一道，连同一起 阻止 俗话说…. 早在….之前

Language points

A British society arranged for ten high school students from different countries to go on a cultural expedition to sites of lost civilizations. arrange sth. (for sth) arrange for sth. arrange to do sth. / wh- to do sth arrange for sb.to do sth. arrange with sb. to do sth. (与人)约定干 arrange that … / wh- …

I’ve already arranged with him to meet at 她在度假前把业务都安排好了。 She arranged all her business affairs before going on holiday. 我约定在6点钟跟他见面。 I arranged to meet him at 6 o’clock. I’ve already arranged with him to meet at the cinema. 我与他商定好在电影院见面。

1. I’ve arranged for Mary to meet you at the railway station. 2. I’ve arranged that one of our representatives will meet you at the airport. 3. Have you arranged to meet him? 4. I’ve arranged with the neighbors to feed the cat while we are away. 5. We’ve still got to arrange how to get to the spot.

I’ m at a loss as to how to tell you about the matter. 我们没有你的帮助就会一筹莫展。 We would be lost without your help. 失落绝望的神色 a lost look ③失败的，输掉的; 错过的/浪费掉的 a lost battle/game /prize 败仗/输掉的比赛/未赢的奖赏

a lost chance/ advantage 错过的机会/未 加利用的有利条件 ▲ be lost in 沉浸于，全神贯注于 be lost to the world 不注意周围的事情

2. Below are several excerpts from the travel diary kept by Ann, one of the students from Canada. Near the city was a volcano called Vesuvius. 这两句都是表语前置于句首的完全倒装句。 当句中的表语或状语前置于句首，句中谓语 动词是系动词或不及物动词时，句子实行完 全倒装。但如果句中主语是人称代词时，主 谓不倒装。

1. In each room _____ ten students. are B. is C. there is D. there was 2. _____ from the tenth floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. A. Jumped down the burglar B. Down the burglar jumped C. The burglar jumping down D. Down jumped the burglar

3. ---- Where is the man we talked about yesterday? ---- There ________. A. comes he B. he comes C. he came D. came he 4. _____the city lies the No.3 Power Plant, which produces electricity for the whole city 40 miles southeast of B. To 40 miles southeast of C. Southeast 40 miles to

3. I am representing Canada 3. I am representing Canada. I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. 我代表加拿大。能赢得这次旅行的资格我感到幸运。 1) represent 在这里是‘代表’的意思: 如 The union represents over 200,000 teachers. 工会代表着20余万教师的利益。

The competition attracted 500 athletes ___________ 8 different countries. 这次比赛吸引了代表8个国家的500多名运动员。 represent还表示 体现; 象征等意思 representing

Those comments do not represent the views of us all. 这些言论不足以体现我们所有人的看法。 Each color on the chart _________ a different __________ . 图表中的每一种颜色都代表一个不同的部门。 represents department

They ___________ their concerns to the authorities. 他们向当局陈述了他们关心的问题。 represented

2. I am representing Canada 2. I am representing Canada. I feel lucky to have won a place on this trip. 我代表加拿大。能赢得这次旅行的资格我感到幸运。 2) win a place 意思是“赢得资格”如； She will someday win a place in music's hall of fame. 她将来会在音乐方面获致不朽的成就。

She has __________ in the Olympic team. 她已获得奥运代表队的队员资格。 He ____________ in the first team. 他失去了甲级队员的资格。 won a place lost his place

4. The city was founded in the 8th century BC. Her family _______ the college in 1895. 她家族1895年创办了这所学院。 founded

The town was founded by English settlers in 1790. 这座城市是英国移民于1790建立的。 Their marriage ___________ on love and mutual respect. 他们的婚姻建立在爱情和相互尊重的基础上的。 注意found; form; organize的区别。 was founded

5. In 89 BC, the Romans took over Pompeii. 公元前89年, 罗马人接管了庞贝城。 take over的意思是“接任; 接管; 接收”如: You watch them until ten o'clock, and then I’ll take over. 你看他们看到10点钟, 然后我接班。

CBS records ____________ by Sony. 哥伦比亚广播公司的唱片公司已被索尼公司收购。 When Mr. Green retired, his son ________ the business from him. 格林先生退休后由他儿子接管他的生意。 What is good and still useful ________ _________. 好的有用的东西应该继承。 was taken over took over should be taken over

1. The large company has taken over many small ones. 这家大公司已经吞并了许多小公司。 2. You watch the house until 10 o’clock and then I’ll take over. 你监视这所房子到十点，然后我接替你。 3. Try not to let negative thoughts take over. 尽量别受消极想法的左右。 4. The army is threatening to take over if civil unrest continues.

1. take away ________2. take back __________ 写出下列短语的词义： 1. take away ________2. take back __________ 3. take care _________4. take care of ________ 5.take down_________6. take in_____________ 7. take off __________8. take on ____________ 9. take out ________ 10. take up ____________

1. Her time is fully ________with writing. 2. CBS Records was ________by Sony. 3. The fine will be ______of your wages. 4. She ________ me ________ completely with her story. 5. The bus stopped to ________more passengers. 6. Sorry, I’ll ________ what I said.

5. Unfortunately, all the people were buried alive, and so was the city. 不幸的是, 所有的人被活埋，城市也埋没了。 1) bury 这里意思是“埋葬; 隐藏; 掩蔽; 埋头于”如:

The house ______________ under snow. 房子一半埋在雪中。 He ____________ in his work. 他埋头工作。 Many men __________ underground when there was an accident at the mine.矿上发生意外时, 许多矿工都被埋在地下。 was half buried buried himself were buried

______ in deep thought, he didn’t notice Mary coming in. _______ himself in sorrow, he refused to see anyone. _____ yourself in your study, and you will make progress. Buried Burying Bury

She fell into the bed, ______ her face in the pillow and sniffed sadly 1) be buried alive 表示”活埋”, alive 在这儿作状语使用。 buried

2. ----- David has made great progress recently. 2) 1. If you don’t go to school, ______ I. A. nor do B. so will C. so do D. neither shall 2. ----- David has made great progress recently. ----- ________, and __________. A. So he has; so you have B. So he has; so have you C. So has he; so have you D. So has he; so you have

3. ---- It was fine yesterday. ----________today. And a very day for fishing, isn’t it? So it was B. It was so C. So it is D. So is it 4. ------- I was told you telephoned me yesterday. -------________. A. So I did B. So did I C. So you did D. So did you

6. People started to dig in the area for treasure, which caused much damage. 人们开始在这个地区挖财宝, 这造成了重大损失。 damage 这里意思是“损失;损害,损坏”。如： The storm did _____________ to the crops. 暴风雨使庄稼受到了很大损失。 a lot of damage

An earthquake sometimes causes great _______ . 地震有时造成重大损失。 本课出现表破坏的词有damage, destroy 和 ruin 这三个单词, 如: damage

__________________ how this quiet volcano ________ the whole city 它们均表示“ 破坏”、“损坏”的意思, 但各自的含义和用法不同。 It is hard to imagine destroyed

The terrible earthquake destroyed the 指彻底毁灭或破坏,以至于不能修复,有时可用于比喻义 The terrible earthquake destroyed the whole city. They have destroyed all the evidence. destroy one’s hopes, career, Reputation 毁掉某人的希望/事业/名誉 destruction 毁灭，破坏

damage Un 损害,损失 do damage to 对…造成损坏 V 指车辆.房屋.庄稼等事物的受伤或毁坏 但往往可以修复

7. I also saw the bodies of people that had been turned to stone when they had been covered with ash--- they are kept exactly as they were 2,000 years ago. 我也看到了被火山灰覆盖而变成石头的人的身体---他们保持着和二千年前一样的姿势。

keep…as they were (/ as it was) 这里意思是“保持着原来的样子”。as是连词意思是“照…的方式”如: Leave the books as they are. 别去碰那些书。 Put the papers _____ they _____. 把文件放到原来的样子。 The balance of nature wouldn’t be broken if things were left as they were were as

---Look, there is a big snake under the tree. ---Oh, I see. Just leave it______ it is, or it might bite you. A. as B. before C. when D. while

9. Tomorrow we are off to Naples to visit the museum that houses many of the treasures from Pompeii. 明天我们将去那不勒斯参观藏有许多来自庞贝的宝物的博物馆。 house 作动词, 意思是“提供住处;供给房子用 ”如:

Those caves may house snakes or some other wild animals Most animals house up in caves in winter. 冬天多数动物躲藏在洞穴里。

The personal picture exhibition ________ in that building. 个人画展设在那所房子里。 He is trying hard to feed and ______ his family. 他努力设法赡养和安置他的家属。 is housed house

10. It is believed by many people to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD200 to AD500. 本句句型为“sb / sth be believed to have done sth”结构，此结构可以转换为“It is believed that …” 或 “People believe that …”；可以用于该句型的动词有say, report, think, suggest, hope, suppose 等。此句相当于： =. It is believed (by many people) that it was gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 500

Ann is believed________ [fly] to Loulan in several days. to fly Ann is believed ___________[write] to Jane at this time. to be writng The city of Pompeii is believed ______________ [disappear] for 2,000 years. to have disappeared The city of Pompeii is believed ______________[bury] for 2,000years. to have been buried

12.An archaeologist from the local cultural institute, Professor Zhang, told us that 100 years ago the Swedish explore Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom. We found the ruins most interesting. ruins在这两句中的意思是“遗迹”，常用复数。 ruin (n.) 毁灭，崩溃，毁坏 (v.) 使毁灭，毁坏，变成废墟

fall into ruins 崩塌 come / go to ruins 毁灭，崩溃 lie in ruins 成为废墟 the ruins of Yuamingyuan 圆明园遗迹 bring sb. to ruin 使某人破产 ruin one’s hopes 使某人希望破灭 相关试题： “If you go on stealing, you will ________ your bright future, young man!” said the judge. A. destroy B. damage C. ruin