简单句的五种基本类型

主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 句子成分详解 句子成分 意义 充当词类 例句 主语 谓语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补足语 主语谓语是基础，宾表定状补辅助。宾主来自名代数，动词作谓不可无！ 名，代，数，不定 式，动名词，短语或 句子 表示句子说的是什么人或什么事 We study in Yuantan Middle School. 说明主语做什么，是什么或怎 么样 She is dancing under the tree. 动词或动词词组 表示动作行为的对象 同主语 Both of us like English. 与联系动词连用，一起构成谓 语，说明主语的性质或特征 Her father is a chemist. His words sound reasonable. 同主语 形，代，数，名, 副，介词短语或句子 We have seven lessons every day. 用来修饰名词或代词 修饰动词，形容词，副词，表 示动作发生的时间，地点，原 因，目的，方式，结果等 副词，介词短语或句 子[z x x k 学科网] He works very hard. They held a party in Hollywood. 逻辑上与宾语是主谓关系 形容词，名词，介词 短语等[z x x k 学科网] She always keeps the house clean.

预备知识 Full Verb 实义／行为 Predicate谓语? 动词? Object宾语? Subject主语? Link Verb 还 “简单句”呢---- 分不清了耶!!! 郁闷死! Link Verb 连系动词? Predicative 表语?

Practice makes perfect! ----熟能生巧 休要担心少要害怕---- 简单句（Simple Sentences） 就是只包含一个主谓结构的句子 ----它的结构就是这么简单,所以才叫简单句的啊! 英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由简单句的五种基本句型组合、扩展、变化而来的,只要把这些基本句型弄清楚,你就会游刃有余了!----呵呵,就像俺这样:[z x x k 学科网] Practice makes perfect! ----熟能生巧

He teaches English well. 按结构分 一个完整的简单句由 “主语部分+谓语部分”构成 The man is a teacher. 主语部分 谓语部分 He works hard. 主语部分 谓语部分 He teaches English well. 主语部分 谓语部分

哲学上说: 运动是绝对的 静止是相对的 造句的关键就在于动词 一般而言,每个句子都应该有个动词( 除了省略句外 )

动词 主要动词 行为动词 助动词 辅助动词 情态动词 be (am is are was were) / seem / keep 是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound 看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) become / turn / get / grow 变得 连系动词 主要动词 行为动词 助动词 辅助动词 情态动词 不及物动词 laugh / smlie / look / listen 及物动词 see / hear / drank / eat 动词 be (am / is /are / was / were) do / does / did have / has / had will / shall / be going to can / may / must / shall / need could / should / would / might have (has) to / had better

表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。 由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。 be (am is are was were) / seem / keep /…是/好象(似乎)是/保持 look / feel / taste / smell / sound / …看/感觉/尝/闻/听起来(上去) become / turn / get / grow / …变得 连系动词 表语:表示主语是什么(身份)或者怎么样(处于什么状态)。 由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语等充当。 和连系动词一起构成谓语,也就是说: 连系动词后面的就/才是表语! He is a boy. She is a girl. They are students. They are good. He looks / seems ill. The apple tastes nice. Trees turn green. Your idea sounds good. 主语 连系动词 表语

连系动词 主系表结构（SVP） = 主语+连系动词+表语 The movie is interesting/wonderful. Mr. Li is a good teacher. 主系表结构（SVP） = 主语+连系动词+表语 The flower looks beautiful. He feels hungry.

狗 咬 人 。 主语 谓语 宾语 人 咬 狗 。 主语 谓语 宾语 谓语Predicate : 说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或者“怎么样”。 也就是做了什么行为动作或处于什么状态。 谓语（谓语部分里主要的词）用动词。 主语Subject : 表示句子所说的是“什么人”或“什么事物” 。 也就是动作的发出者。 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词、代词的词或短语等充当。 宾语Object : 表示动作、行为的对象。 也就是动作的接受者。 一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。

什么是及物动词和不及物动词呢?! 及物动词是后面可以直接跟宾语的动词: see / hear / drank / eat / … I saw him last week. We heard the bad news yesterday. They eat bread every day. He drank a glass of milk just now. 不及物动词是后面不可以直接跟宾语的动词: laugh / smile / look / listen / … She smiled happily. They laughed loudly. 如果要加宾语,就要靠一个介词来帮助: She look at the blackboard carefully. He listened to his teacher in class. They laughed at us after the match.

不及物动词 主谓结构（SV） = 主语+谓语动词 The worker ran The doctor listened carefully. fast. The doctor listened carefully. The girl dances well. The duck is swimming. 主谓结构（SV） = 主语+谓语动词 The woman walks slowly. The boy is fishing.

及物动词 主谓宾结构（SVO） =主语+谓语+宾语 He He likes plays basketball game. computer games every day. 及物动词 主谓宾结构（SVO） =主语+谓语+宾语 He is playing the guitar now. He played soccer yesterday.

他们放风筝。 They fly the kites. 风筝在天上飞。 The kites fly in the sky. 有些词既是及物动词又是不及物动词，那就要看意思上的区别了： 他们放风筝。 They fly the kites. 风筝在天上飞。 The kites fly in the sky.

及物动词 主谓双宾结构（SVOiOd） =主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 She teaches us. She teaches English. She teaches us English. She told me a story. 及物动词 He gave me a present. 主谓双宾结构（SVOiOd） =主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 (A) buy / build / catch / cut choose / cook / find / get / keep / make / draw / do He bought me a new bike. 也可以改为for sb. 的句式 He bought a new bike for me. (B) give / take / send / bring / teach / show / tell / pay / write / read / sell / lend / pass / return / throw / offer / hand She lent me a book. 也可以改为 to sb. 的句式 She lent a book to me.

I saw her dancing. 及物动词 主谓宾宾补结构（SVOC） =主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语 Our teacher He asks us to read English every day. He told me to clean my room. 及物动词 主谓宾宾补结构（SVOC） =主语+谓语+宾语+宾语的补足语

可以用于这种句式的动词主要有 let / make sb. do sth.　　 ask / tell / want / allow / wish / get / 　　sb. to do sth. expect / encourage / invite / teach find / see / hear / watch / notice / feel sb. do sth. sb. doing sth. help sb. (to) do sth.

　hope和welcome 比较特殊－－我们可以说: 　I hope to visit your school. 　I hope that you can visit our school. 　I wish you to visit our school. 　Welcome to visit our school. 　You are welcome to visit our school. 　Welcome to our school. 但不可以说：I hope / welcome you to visit our school.

原来也蛮简单的哦!我来分析一下这些句子中所包含的成分 [1] 主系表型 She is a very good girl . (__语) (__词) (___语) The girl is very good. [2] 主谓型 <1>______式: They ‖ laughed. The kites ‖ fly in the sky. (__语) (__词) (__语) (__词) <2>______式: I ‖ bought a new bike. He ‖ plays volleyball. (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语) <3>______式: She ‖ told me a story. He ‖ gave me a good book. (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) <4>______式 He ‖ asked me to help him. He ‖ made me happy. (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语) (__语) (__词) (__语) (__语)

keys [1] 主系表型 She is a very good girl . (主语) (连系动词) (表语) (主语) (连系动词) (表语) The girl is very good. [2] 主谓型 <1>主谓式: They ‖ laughed. The kites ‖ fly in the sky. (主语) (谓语动词) (主语) (谓语动词) <2>主谓宾式: I ‖ bought a new bike. He ‖ plays volleyball. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) <3>主谓宾宾式: She ‖ told me a story. He ‖ gave me a good book. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语) <4>主谓宾宾补式 He ‖ asked me to help him. He ‖ made me happy. (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语) (主语) (谓语动词) (宾语) (宾语补足语) keys

The boy is asleep. 主系表 The boy is sleeping. 主谓 The boy is playing the guitar. He is playing happily. His music is very beautiful. 主谓宾 It is beautiful music. 判断这些句子的类型并 理解be动词的双重身份 （连系动词／助动词）

句子成分练习题( 一 ) (一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词（4分， 4分钟） ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词（10分， 10分钟） ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus ④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon. A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon ⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A.Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework ⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is ⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor ⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music ⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B.did C. whom D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语（10分，10分钟） ① My brother hasn't done his homework. ② People all over the world speak English. ③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④ How many new words did you learn last class? ⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you? ⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦ They made him monitor of the class. ⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left. ⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school. ⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.

(四) 挑出下列句中的表语（5分， 5分钟） ① The old man was feeling very tired. ② Why is he worried about Jim? ③ The leaves have turned yellow. ④ Soon They all became interested in the subject. ⑤ She was the first to learn about it.

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语（6分，6分钟） ① They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. ② What is your given name? ③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor. ⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!

(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语（6分， 6分钟） ① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room. ② He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③ She found it difficult to do the work. ④ They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤ I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. ⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?

(七) 挑出下列句中的状语（8分， 8分钟） ① There was a big smile on her face. ② Every night he heard the noise upstairs. ③ He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④ The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast. ⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥ She loves the library because she loves books. ⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it. ⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.

(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语（5分， 5分钟） ① Please tell us a story. ② My father bought a new bike for me last week. ③ Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. ④ Here is a pen.Give it to Tom. ⑤ Did he leave any message for me?

句子成分练习题( 二 ) 指出下列句子中划线部分的句子成分： 1.Whether we’ll go depend on the weather . 2. People’s standards of living are going up steadily . 3. That was how they were defeated. 4.The nursery takes good care of our children . 5.I’ll return the book to you tomorrow . 6.We are sure that we shall succeed . 7.The woman with a baby in her arms is his other . 8.There are many film that I’d like to see. 9.Have you met the person about whom he was speaking ? 10.I have a lot of work to do .

11.Anyway I won’t stop you from doing it . 12.I said it in fun . 13.We can send a car over to fetch you . 14.She had to work standing up . 15.Seeing this ,some comrades became very worried . 16.Much interested , he agreed to give it a try . 17.The bus arrived ten minutes late . 18.We should serve the people heart and soul. 19.Spring coming on , the tree turned green . 20.Some farmers saw something strange in the sky .

21.We think it necessary that everyone should attend the meeting . 22.It’s strange that she doesn’t come today . 23.It was in the library that I come today . 24.He likes drawing at times when he isn’t working . 25.We left in such a hurry that we forgot to lock the door.

句子成分练习题( 三 ) A 1、 ___ six years since I began to study English. A. It is B. I have been C. There are D. It was 2 、___ in the room at that time. A. Nobody was B. Someone were C. Who is D. He are 3 、IT'S very noisy outside. ___ is going on? A. Who B. What C. Which D. Where 4、 ___ in English in class every day is important. A. Speak B. Talking C. Saying D. To tell 5 、There must be____ near the factory. A. a book store B. book store C. books store D. books stores 6 、Although it's raining hard, ___ are still working in the fields. A. but they B. and they C. they D. since they

B 1、 The doctor as well as the nurses ___ great concern for the patients. A. show B. shows C. have shown D. are showing 2、 Your son must be a clever boy, ___ he? A. is B. isn't C. must D. mustn't 3、 The computer center, ___ last year, is very popular among students in this school. A. open B. opening C. opened D. being opened 4 、I ___ go to the shop today, for there is a lot of food at home. A. mustn't B. had to C. can't D. needn't 5 、Don't ___ excited. A. get B. is C. seem D. look 6 This room ___ every morning. A. is cleaning B. is cleaned C. cleans D. cleaning

C 1、 Glad to meet you! ___ is your full name? A. What B. Where C. How D. Who 2、 He is ___ to lift the heavy box. A. too weak B. weak tooC. enough weak D. weak enough 3、 The days are ___ warmer and warmer in spring. A. getting B. looking C. seeming D. going 4 、His job is____English. A. teach B. to teach C. taught D. teaches 5 、Two balls are___. A. under the desk B. in the wall C. to here D. at desks

D 1 、We should get ready___ others. A. helping B. to help C. help D. help with 2、 ___interesting work we are doing? A. What a B. How C. What D. What an 3、 I want___ a teacher when I grow up . A. to be B. to C. be D. being 4、 -Would you like to go on a picnic with me today? -I don't think so. To be honest, I really don't feel like___on a picnic. A. going B. to go C. go D. went 5 Do you know___? A. where does he live B. where he lives C. where he live D. if where he lives 6 Let ____ do it again. A. I B. me C. he D. she 7 I don't know___. A. how to do B. what to do C. where to do D. when to do

E 1、 I saw him ___ basketball with Jack an hour ago. A. plays B. to play C. played D. play 2、 Sorry, we've kept you___ for a long time. A. waited B. sing C. stand D. waiting 3 、The teacher told us ____ late again. A. aren't be B. don't be C. not to be D. not be 4 、We find the room very___. A. warm B. warmly C. terribly D. hardly

F 1 、I found ___ difficult to work together with him. A. it B. its C. that D. those 2 、We all know ___ our duty to clean our classroom after school every day. A. that B. this C. which D. it 3、 He found ___ very interesting to play with the little dog. A. what B. it C. / D. that G ( ) 1 Tom said he ___ a good dream yesterday evening. A. dream B. dreamed C. have D. has ( ) 2 Children ___ a happy life in China. A. lead B. living C. has D. leading

H ( ) 1 America, Japan and Canada are___countries. A. developing B. developed C. less developed D. develop ( ) 2 -___ skirt is that on the chair? -Let me see. Oh, no, it's not mine. A. Whose B. What C. Who's D. Which ( ) 3 Do you have anything ___? A. saying B. to say C. said D. say ( ) 4 Look, there is an___tree by the wall. A. apple B. apple's C. apples' D. apples ( ) 5 Where is____seat? A. yours B. your C. you D. yourselves

I ( ) 1 The box is ___ heavy for her ___ carry. A. very; to B. too; not to C. too; to D. very too; to 2 -___ did you buy the new bag? -Last Monday. A. Where B. How C. When D. Who 3 You can see these signs in a hospital. ___ can you see them? A. Where else B. Where place else C. Where else place D. Else where 4 They went out ___ their old friends. A. visit B. visiting C. to visit D. visited 5 There is a wide river____ our village. A. outside B. over C. from D. below

J 1 The young man, ___ works in the office. A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me 2 Our English teacher, ___ often helps us with study. A. Mrs Wang B. Mrs5 Wang C. MrsWang's . D. of him 3 ___, some railway workers are busy repairing the train. A. Them B. He C. They D. Theirs

Thanks a lot for listening! Best wishes!