Lecture 6 Plosives

辅音（28个） 1. 辅音分两大类：清辅音和浊辅音。 2. 按照发音方式，辅音分成： 爆破音、摩擦音、破擦音、鼻音、边音、半元音。 爆破音： 清辅音：[p] [t] [k] 浊辅音：[b] [d] [g]

pile the books push the buttons [p] [b] 双唇合拢，气 流由口腔爆破 而出。 [p] [b] [p] [b] pear bear pull bull park bark rip rib a big pear a pink bag pile the books push the buttons

Peter is picking plums and apples. Barker and Parker bumped into each other in a park. Basketball is a popular sport in China. [t] [d] 发音时舌端抵上齿龈，气流破舌端和上齿龈的阻碍，由口腔爆破而出。

a bright lad heat up the food The timid rat is scared to death. [t] [d] [t] [d] hat had tear dear seat seed bet bed cold tea hot bread a bright lad heat up the food The timid rat is scared to death. The cart got stuck in the mud. Don’t waste time chatting all day long.

发音时舌后抬高，与软颚形成阻碍，气流冲破舌后与软颚的阻碍，由口腔爆破而出。 [k] [g] 发音时舌后抬高，与软颚形成阻碍，气流冲破舌后与软颚的阻碍，由口腔爆破而出。 [k] [g] [k] [g] cave gave back bag dock dog pick pig a kind girl carry a log thick sticks black dogs

All that glitters is not gold. A good beginning makes a good ending. Take care of the pence and the pounds will take care of themselves.

c [k] cap, come, cute, close, cry（在a, o, u和辅音字母前及音节末尾） ch [k] chemistry, school ck [k] cock, kick g [g] go, leg

爆破音的处理 (Handling of Plosives) 1. 失去爆破 当一个爆破音后面紧跟着另一个爆破音时，前面的爆破音不发生爆破。方法是：对于前一个爆破音，只作发音的姿势，刚要发出时，立即发出第二个爆破音。这种现象叫做失去爆破。

爆破音 + 爆破音→失去爆破  （爆破音6个：/p, b, t, d, k, g/）  例如/p, b, t, d, k, g/这样的组合出现时，前面的爆破音就需要失去爆破了。例如：     what time /`wɔt taim/     goodbye /,gud`bai/     bedtime /`bedtaim/     big kite /`big `kait/

2. 不完全爆破 当一个爆破音后面紧跟着一个摩擦音、破擦音、鼻辅音或舌边音时，前面的爆破音只作部分爆破。方法是：对于前一个爆破音，作好发音的姿势，刚发出时，立即过渡到第二个摩擦音或破擦音上去。第一个爆破音发出的声音是非常轻微的，有时甚至听不出来。这种现象叫做不完全爆破 。

a. 爆破音 + 破擦音 [ tʃ ] [dʒ] --爆破音不完全爆破， 即形成阻碍，稍作停顿， 不送气 : great changes / good jobs / that child / grandchild / picture / object b. 爆破音+ 摩擦音 [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ ][Ө] [ð] [f] [v] --爆破音不完全爆破，即形成阻碍，稍作停顿，不送气 : We heard David sing last night. / I’m convinced that Charlie has made the right choice. / Keep silent / a good zoo / night show / make sure / get through / just then / old friends / a good view / success / bloodthirsty / advance

c. [t] [d] + 鼻音 [m] [n] ---[t] [d在词尾需通过鼻腔爆破（如certain / hidden）， 在词中或短语中则形成阻碍，不完全爆破: Good morning./ good news / take mine / start now/ I don’t know / midnight / admit / utmost d. [t] [d] + 舌边音 [l]-- [t] [d在词尾需由舌两侧爆破（如 little），在词中或短语中则形成不完全爆破: at last / good luck / straight line / I’d like to. / a bit louder / friendly / mostly

失去爆破和不完全爆破现象可以出现在同一单词中，如 notebook /`nəutbuk/，也可以出现在两个单词之间，如 good morning /`gud `mɔ:niŋ/。 在作语音分析时，我们往往在失去爆破和不完全爆破音的下面画上一小道线，例如 a big man, a good child, take care of your sister 等。

great change good morning loud cheers not mine a good try help me 第一组： great change loud cheers a good try a good child a second choice a black jacket a good job a big tree a hard journey a fast train a sweet dream a cold drink 第二组： good morning not mine help me don't know at noon odd numbers good night quite near a loud noise good news urgent needs a good memory

active blackboard old friends post-card step forward bright future 第三组： active blackboard post-card September hard times quite different wet ground hot bed take care next door 第四组： old friends step forward bright future first visit just then red stars first step keep silent don't shout make sure that chair

先将下列短文中的弱读、失去爆破和不完全爆破划出，然后练习朗读： Ladies and Gentlemen, I have some good news and some bad news. First, the good news. The dive that you just watched in Olympic Diving event was the winning dive. Now, the bad news. The swimming pool was empty.