第一單元:時態 C.1 現在式 2018/11/12

目錄 A.現在進行式(Present Progressive)和 現在式(Simple Present Tense) B.非行動動詞(Non-Action Verbs) C.祈使語氣(The Imperative) 2018/11/12

A. Present Progressive and Simple Present Tense 1. 現在正發生,或正進行的: e.g. We are swimming at the beach. Joey is using binoculars to watch the birds. 2. 最近在進行的: e.g. She is learning French this semester. 現在 過去-----------|------------ 未來 She is learning French 2018/11/12

A. Present Progressive and Simple Present Tense 3.WH-QUESTIONS Wh-word + Be + Subj + V-ing eg. Where are you doing? I am dancing to the song. 小心!!: 在口語或非正式寫作上,可用省略法;帶有即將的意味: e.g. 1) A: Hey Tom! I’m going to the park now. B: Enjoy yourself! 2) Leader from a company: As you all know, we’re opening a new amusement park, and we hope to attract more tourists in the coming month… 2018/11/12

A. Present Progressive and Simple Present Tense 1. 形容經常發生的事情: e.g. We swim at the beach every weekend. Joey uses binoculars to watch the birds every time he goes to the National Park. last weekend this weekend next weekend Past---|---------------|-------------|------Future we swim at the beach 2. 形容科學實證例子: e.g. Water boils and turns into vapor at 100 degree Celsius. 2018/11/12

A. Present Progressive and Simple Present Tense 3. Wh-Questions: Wh-word + Do/Does + Subj + V e.g. Who do you visit every Chinese New Year? I visit my parents. Where does she live? She lives in Stockholm, Sweden. 注意!! 現在式常用的時間副詞 *頻率: Always:100%; Sometimes:55%; Usually:85%; Rarely/Seldom:40%; Often:70%; Never:0% 位置不要弄錯! 1)S + 時間副詞 + V 2) S + Be +時間副詞 e.g. 1) They sometimes visit their grandmother. 2) My colleague is usually late for work. 2018/11/12

B. Non-Action Verbs *何時用Non-Action Verbs? 1.當描述情境或狀態,而不是進行一種行動 e.g. Daisy owns a small apartment. ( 動詞 owns 形容 Daisy 的狀態,而非她在做什麼) *注意: 非行動動詞不能用現在進行式表示,既使句子描述的是一件正在進行的事情. e.g. He needs help from his friends right away. I want to go out tonight. 2018/11/12

B. Non-Action Verbs *哪些動詞為 non-action verbs? 1) 表達情感的動詞 (appreciate, care, fear, love, respect,etc) e.g. The manager respects the decision from the board. 2) 表達內心狀態的動詞 (believe, find, know, realize, see[understand],wonder, etc.) e.g. The journalist realizes that he cannot meet the deadline, so he asked for a deferral. 3) 表達需求,希望或喜好的動詞 (hope, need, prefer, want, wish) e.g. Kids from all over the world wish that Santa Claus visit them every day instead of every year. 2018/11/12

B.Non-Action verbs 4) 表達人和物之間關係的動詞 (belong,contain,have,own,possess,etc.) e.g. The laptop over there belongs to my mom. 5) 表達感官或認知的動詞 (notice, observe, smell, taste, feel, etc.) e.g. The professor notices that there are more absence on Mondays than other days of the week. 6) 表達計量或價值的動詞 (weigh,cost,resemble,sound,appear,seem) e.g. This package weighs 57 kg. It seems to me that he is not a rock’n roll fan. 2018/11/12

B. Non-Action Verbs *哪些動詞同時帶有行動與非行動之意義? Taste, smell, feel, look, think, have, weigh e.g. 1) 非行動: I smell cheese. Did you put some in the pasta? (I 注意到 cheese的存在) 行動: The chef is smelling the spaghetti to see if the cheese goes well with the pasta. (the chef正聞著spaghetti) 2) 非行動: My brother looks as if he is not satisfied with the gift. My brother is looking at the gift with disgust. 2018/11/12

C. The Imperative *如何使用祈使語氣(the imperative)? 1.不論是單數或複數人稱,動詞皆維持原型動詞 e.g. Get up, girls! 2.不論在寫作或口語表達裡,皆不表示主詞you. e.g. Shut your mouth! (WRONG: You shut your mouth.) Bring your bag. (WRONG: You bring your bag.) 2018/11/12

C. The Imperative *何時使用祈使語氣? 1) 詢問方向或指示時 e.g. To avoid skin irritation, apply the body lotion all over the body and rub gently. 2) 給予命令時 e.g. “Don’t forget your weapons or I’ll send you back!” said the lieutenant to the soldiers. 3) 要求時 (需使用please) e.g. Sign your name in this column, please. 2018/11/12

C. The Imperative 4) 給予建議時 e.g. Drink water with lemon and salt when you catch cold. 5) 警告他人時 e.g. Watch out! You almost stepped on a frog. 6) 邀請對方時 e.g. Come to me whenever you need help. 接受挑戰吧！ Take some challenge！ 2018/11/12