第五章 出進口價格的計算 第一節 出口價格的構成因素 貨品成本(cost) 又稱為基價(base price)。 第一節 出口價格的構成因素 貨品成本(cost) 又稱為基價(base price)。 就專業出口商而言,這項貨品成本即為向國 內製造商或其他供給者購入出口貨物所付的 貨款。 就從事直接出口的工廠而言,貨品成本即為 出廠價格。
出口費用(export expenses) 包裝費用(packing expenses)。 存儲及處理費用(storage and handling expenses)。 國內運費(inland forwarding expenses)。 檢驗及證明書費用(inspection & certificate fees)。 裝貨費用(shipping expenses)。 進貨利息(interest on payment for purchase)。
電報費、長途電話費(correspondence charges)。 商港服務費(harbour service fee)。 銀行手續費(banking charges)。 銀行押匯貼現息(discount charges)。 推廣貿易服務費(trade promotion service charges)。
預計損失(expected loss)。 海運或陸空運費(ocean land or air freight)。 水險保險費、空運或陸運保險費(marine, air or transportation insurance premium)。 買方回佣(return commission)。
預期利潤(expected profit) 預期利潤率的高低,又須視貨品種類、進口市 場情形、交易數量、供求關係、買方信用、付 款條件及手續繁簡而異,並無一定的準則。至 於自己直接出口的工廠,則多將這類預期利潤 包括在貨品成本中。
FOB, CFR, CIF Calculation Sheet (for Export)(續)
discount charges 係指出口押匯貼現息而言,目前美元、英鎊等 按12天收取,港幣、星幣等按7天收取,利率則 按押匯當時利率計算 本例,年利率為7%,12天則為7% × 12/365 =0.23%
harbour service fee ocean freight 商港服務費,目前併櫃貨物依每計費噸新臺幣 80元計收。 船公司報價每1立方公尺USD125,該批貨物共 10箱;每箱體積0.6m × 0.6m × 0.5m。 故運費為USD((125 × 0.6 × 0.6 × 0.5)/1) × 10
1-(手續費率 + 推廣費率 + 貼現率 + 利潤率) FOB selling price的來源 FOB Net +(手續費率 + 推廣費率 + 貼現率 + 利潤率) × FOB selling price = FOB selling price 1-(手續費率 + 推廣費率 + 貼現率 + 利潤率) FOB Net FOB selling price =
CFR selling price的來源 CFR Net +(手續費率 + 貼現率 + 利潤率)× CFR selling price + 推廣費 = CFR selling price 1-(手續費率 + 貼現率 + 利潤率) CFR Net + 推廣費 CFR selling price =
1-(1.1 × 保險費率 + 手續費率 + 貼現率 + 利潤率) CIF selling price的來源 CFR Net +(1.1 × 保險費率 + 手續費率 + 貼現率 + 利潤率)× CIF selling price + 推廣費 = CIF selling price 1-(1.1 × 保險費率 + 手續費率 + 貼現率 + 利潤率) CFR Net + 推廣費 CIF selling price =
INCOTERMS 2000 - CIF A3 Contracts of carriage and insurance a) Contract of carriage The seller must contract on usual terms at his own expense for the carriage of the goods to the named port of destination by the usual route in a seagoing vessel (or inland waterway vessel as the case may be) of the type normally used for the transport of goods of the contract description. b) Contract of insurance The seller must obtain at his own expense cargo insurance as agreed in the contract, such that the buyer, or any other person having an insurable interest in the goods, shall be entitled to claim directly from the insurer and provide the buyer with the insurance policy or other evidence of insurance cover. The insurance shall be contracted with underwriters or an insurance company of good repute and, failing express agreement to the contrary, be in accordance with minimum cover of the Institute Cargo Clauses (Institute of London Underwriters) or any similar set of clauses. The duration of insurance cover shall be in accordance with B5 and B4. When required by the buyer, the seller shall provide at the buyers expense war, strikes, riots and civil commotion risk insurances if procurable. The minimum insurance shall cover the price provided in the contract plus ten per cent (i.e. 110%) and shall be provided in the currency of the contract.
第三節 進口價格的構成因素 進口費用 進口費用,主要的有下面幾種﹕ 海運或路、空運費 海上保險費、空運或路運保險費 起岸費用 進口稅捐 海運或路、空運費 海上保險費、空運或路運保險費 起岸費用 進口稅捐 推廣貿易服務費 檢驗、證明書費用。 電報費、長途電話費 銀行手續費。 預計損失 進貨利息。 國內運費 存儲及處理費用。 改裝費用 國內稅捐。 銷管費用
貨物成本 又稱基價,就是出口商的報價。 預期利潤 預期利潤的計算,原則與出口貿易無區別。
LANDED COST CALCULATION SHEET (FOR IMPORT)(續)
保險費 k為保險金額與CIF金額的百分比。 r為保險費率,視保險種類而定。 k ‧ r 保險費(I) =CFR 1- k ‧ r CFR
DPV Duty Paying Value(完稅價格) 推廣貿易服務費 按進口貨品CIF價格(即完稅價格)的0.04%計 收。
Value Added Tax 指營業加值稅而言,按售價5%計收。進口貨物 依規定應於進口報關時由海關徵收營業加值稅。 (完稅價格+進口稅+貨物稅)× 稅率5%