助動詞(Auxiliary Verbs) 重點1~9英文助動詞有： do must shall/should/ought to will/would may/might can/could must need (必須) dare (敢) used to (過去常) had better

重點1 助動詞的特性 (1) 助動詞 + 原形V S + 助V. + VR. (2) 放在句首就能夠構成疑問句 助V. + S + V ? (3) 與not連用構成否定句 S + 助V. + not + V (4) 主詞若為三單，也不加”s” He + 助V. + V.

1. The boy English fluently. 會 說 2. use your phone? 我可以 3. The concert next week. 將不被舉行 can speak May I will not be held

重點2 do 的用法 (1) 用do/does/did代替前面提過的動詞(片語)，以避免重複 You work harder than she . (2) 加強語氣時，可用do/does/did + V You look nice today. does do

重點3 shall / should / ought to 的用法 (1) should 在條件子句中，為「萬一」 If it rain, the picnic will be put off. 萬一 (2) should 在感情、意志等句的that子句中，為「竟然」 I am surprised that you marry such a man. 竟然 (3) lest(以免)後面需搭配should The pickpocket ran away lest he ________ be seen. should should should

(4) Shall we V? 表示「邀請」 我們可以…嗎? = Let’s V, shall we? _________ see a movie tonight? (5) S + should V S + ought to V 現在應該… You __________ more careful when crossing the road. (6) S + should have pp. S + ought to have pp. 當時應該… He __________________ her last night, but he forgot. 當時應該打電話給 Shall we should be should have called

重點4 will / would 的用法 (1) 「未來將…」：will V Simon _________ sixteen next year. 將是 (2) 「未來不會…」：will not V won’t V They ___________ the prisoners tomorrow. 不會釋放 will be won’t release

(3) 「您可以…」(邀請或請求)：Will you V? Would you V? _____________ the eraser, please? 請您把…傳過來 (4) 「想要…」：would like to V She ________________ your club. 想要加入 (4) 「過去常常…」：would V Tom __________ classes in school days. 經常翹課 Will you pass would like to join would cut

_______ go to the restroom? 我可以…嗎? (2) 表祈願「願…；祝…」：May S + V ! 重點5 may / might 的用法 (1) 表許可「可以…嗎」：May I + V ? _______ go to the restroom? 我可以…嗎? (2) 表祈願「願…；祝…」：May S + V ! ____ you ____ happy forever! 祝 (2) 表目的「以便…」： S V so that S may/might V. I got up early ________ I ______ catch the first bus. 以便 可以 May I May be so that might 9

(4) 表讓步「無論…」： No matter wh- S may V, S V. Wh-ever S may V, S V. ____________________, don’t believe him. 不管他說什麼 (5) 表推測「未來或現在可能…」：may/might V 表推測「過去可能…」: may/might have pp. She ___________ smoking. 可能會戒煙 Andy ______________ when I was out last night. 可能來過 Whatever he may say may quit may have come

(1) 表能力「會(能)…」：can/could + V Judy ________ but she _______________. 重點6 can / could 的用法 (1) 表能力「會(能)…」：can/could + V Judy ________ but she _______________. 會開車 不會騎腳踏車 (2) 表否定推測「現在不可能」：cannot V 表否定推測「當時不可能」：cannot have pp. The story __________ true! 不可能是 The plane _________________ 3 days ago. 不可能墜毀 (2) 表徵求許可「可以嗎?」：Can/Could I V? _______ I _______ your dictionary? 可以 借 can drive can’t ride a bike can’t be can’t have crashed Could borrow 11

(1) 表需要或義務「必須…」 ：must + V You ___________ your homework on time. 一定要繳交 重點7 must 的用法 (1) 表需要或義務「必須…」 ：must + V You ___________ your homework on time. 一定要繳交 (2) 表強烈禁止「不可以…」 ：mustn’t + V You are on a diet, so you ____________ too much. 不可以吃 (3) 表肯定猜測「現在一定…」：must V 表肯定猜測「當時一定…」：must have pp. You _________very hungry now. 一定是 It _________________ last night. 一定下過雨 must turn in mustn’t eat must be must have rained 12

You _____________ if you feel sick. 不必來 重點8-1 need 的用法 (1) 當助動詞時(常用於否定或疑問句) (否定) 不必…： S + need not + V. (疑問) 必須…嗎？：Need + S + V? You _____________ if you feel sick. 不必來 _______________ part-time at night? 他必須工作…嗎? needn’t come Need he work 14

(否定) 不必…： S + don’t need + to V (疑問) 必須…嗎？：Do + S + need + to V? 重點8-2 need 的用法 (2) 當本動詞時 和其他一般動詞用法相同 (肯定) 必需…： S + need + to V (否定) 不必…： S + don’t need + to V (疑問) 必須…嗎？：Do + S + need + to V? You __________________ your task. 必須完成 We _____________________ on the scene. 當時不必投降 ______________________ everything? 他必須回收 need to accomplish didn’t need to surrender Does he need to recycle 15

重點8-3 need 的助動詞和本動詞代換 You needn’t come if you feel sick. = You __________________ if you feel sick. Need he work part-time at night? = ___________________ part-time at night? don’t need to come Does he need to work

He _____________ alone. 不敢旅行 ____________ her the truth? 妳敢告訴…嗎? 重點8-4 dare 的用法 (和need完全相同) (1) 當助動詞時(常用於否定或疑問句) (否定) 不敢…： S + dare not + V. (疑問) 敢…嗎？：Dare + S + V? He _____________ alone. 不敢旅行 ____________ her the truth? 妳敢告訴…嗎? daren’t travel Dare you tell 17

(否定) 不敢…： S + don’t dare + to V (疑問) 敢…嗎？：Do + S + dare + to V? 重點8-5 dare 的用法 (2) 當本動詞時 和其他一般動詞用法相同 (肯定) 敢…： S + dare + to V (否定) 不敢…： S + don’t dare + to V (疑問) 敢…嗎？：Do + S + dare + to V? Jean __________ something new. 敢嘗試 We __________________ alone. 當時不敢旅行 _________________ her the truth? 妳敢告訴 dares to try didn’t dare to travel Do you dare to tell 18

Stanly dare not take a walk at night. 重點8-6 dare 的助動詞和本動詞代換 Stanly dare not take a walk at night. = Stanly _________________ a walk at night. Dare you run a marathon with me? = _________________ a marathon with me? doesn’t dare to take Do you dare to run 19

That’s why I don’t dare to wake up those sleeping students. = That’s why I dare not wake up those sleeping students.

(1) 表「過去習慣於…」：used to + V I _____________ late, but I _____ now. 重點9 used to / had better 的用法 (1) 表「過去習慣於…」：used to + V I _____________ late, but I _____ now. 以前常常晚起 不這樣 (2) 表「最好…」：had better V You ____________ home at once. 最好回家 used to get up don’t had better go 23

整理1： (1) 表「未來或現在可能…」：may/might V 表「當時可能…」: may/might have pp. (2) 表「現在一定…」：must V 表「當時一定…」：must have pp. (3) 表「現在不可能」：cannot V 表「當時不可能」：cannot have pp. (4) 表「現在應該」：should V 表「當時應該」：should have pp. 表「當時不應該」：shouldn’t have pp. (5) 表「現在必要」：need to V / must V 表「當時不必要」：needn’t have pp.

整理2： (1) 表「未來或現在可能…」：may/might V (2) 表「現在一定…」：must V (3) 表「現在不可能」：cannot V (4) 表「現在應該」： should V (5) 表「現在必要」： need to V / must V (1)表「當時可能…」: may/might have pp. (2)表「當時一定…」：must have pp. (3)表「當時不可能」：cannot have pp. (4)表「當時應該」： should have pp. (5)表「當時不應該」：shouldn’t have pp. (6)表「當時不必要」：needn’t have pp.