高 三 二 轮 复 习 ---- 阅读七选五解题技巧 桂东一中 李应深

短文特点 卷别 年份 长度 体裁 题材或主题 标题 有无 特别词 新 课 标 卷 I 2015 274 说明文 如何在遭受背叛和欺骗后重建信任 大标题 steps 2014 280 如何让孩子为未来的工作作准备 小标题 2013 194 商业、企业与企业管理 无 third等

卷别 年份 长度 体裁 题材或主题 标题 有无 特别词 新 课 标 卷 2012 286 说明文 如何抗压：孩子抗压的四个步骤 大小标题 steps 2011 291 父母应适时跟孩子谈论钱财问题

卷别 年份 长度 体裁 题材或主题 标题 有无 特别词 新 课 标 卷 II 2015 222 说明文 介绍马拉松训练的准备和渐进的过程 无标题 2014 297 如何在忙碌的生活中享受烹调的乐趣 大小 tips 2013 249 如何进行公开的演讲训练

解题技巧

1. 略读文章抓大意 即以最快的速度跳跃式地浏览文章的大小标题、首段、每段的首句，以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语(特别是however, but等后的内容)等重要部分，以了解文章的基本结构和内容大意。事实上，一般只需花5～10秒阅读大小标题和第一段首尾句即可。

2. 重点阅读上下句 因为正确选项必定会与上下句之间语义衔接、逻辑通顺，解题时大多只看上句，或只看下句，就可基本确定答案。 事实上，如果没有时间来得及通读或细读，或者基础不够扎实即使读也读不懂，建议通过以下技巧，也基本上可以得满分。

3. 看看结构变轻松 在解题过程中，除了每做一道有把握的题后就在7个选项中将其画掉缩小范围外，通过观察语言结构也可将选择范围大大缩小，心情变得更加轻松，一般可将7个选项缩小到2～4个选项，碰对的机率大大提高。

(1) 标题结构。如果考查段落标题，先看看其他标题的语言形式，同一文章中的几个段落小标题基本上是同一语言形式。如果其他标题是名词短语，该题答案也是名词短语；如果其他标题是祈使句，该题的答案也是祈使句。如：

3. ____74____ Begin at the grocery store. Pick out similar brands of a product—a name brand butter and a generic(无商标产品), for example. You can show your child how to make choices between different brands of a product so that you can save money. (2011课标卷) (该标题也应是名词短语) 7个选项中只有A与B是名词短语 A. Wise decisions. B. The value of money.

C 12. ●____ If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it’s going to give you lots of dos and don’ts, walk away! … As far as we’re concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends. (2013课标卷II·53) B. You already do lots of things well C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don’ts

(2) 句子结构。 如果正确选项只是某个句子的一个部分，就要看看空后这个部分是不是句子，如果是句子，看看是否有连词，如果没有连词，要选的正确选项就应是短语或是带有连词的从句。如：

Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. ____36____, buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. (2015课标卷II) 祈使句,无连词 选短语或带连词的句子 仅有三个选项符合 “训练”之前“买鞋”，作好“准备” A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training

26. During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day. _____, it is wise to take a day off to rest. (2015课标卷II·38) A A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training

4. 词语复现显神功 作者或说话人在谈论某个话题或主题时，与主题相关的词语必定会以原词、同义词或近义词等形式在上下文中重复出现，这种现象叫词语复现。同一个词的重复出现叫原词复现；以同义词的形式重复出现，叫同义复现；以近义词或近义表达(意思相近，表达方式不同)的形式重复出现，叫近义复现；以词义相同而词性不同的同根词的形式重复出现，叫同根复现。还有上义词与下义词的复现(adult是teacher, parent的上义词，而teacher, parent就是adult的下义词)。

词语复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段，而七选五正是考查语篇衔接，因此，利用词语复现解七选五十分管用。在近五年的8套全国新课标卷共40道题中有13道题利用这一招可直接选出答案，利用这一招可将选项缩小到2个选项的还有5道，也就是说，平均起来，几乎有一半的题仅用这一招就可解决。如：

___39___If you’ve been betrayed, you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. (2015课标卷I) 原词复现 A. Learn to really trust yourself. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return. 七个选项中只有C项中含victim

4. Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. _____ (2013课标卷I·37) C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. D. However, some businesses only seek to enough to cover their operating costs. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments. C 要求选段中衔接句。因前句中与选项C中都有nonprofit，原词复现，故选C项。结构：观点+例证。

8. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. ______ After two weeks… (2015课标卷II·39) D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile. F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training. G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time. D 选项D中与前句中都含mile，原词复现；细读，由空格前“但是在接下来的一周, 树立每次至少跑1.5英里的目标”与D项的“每天增加半英里”意义衔接紧密。

9. After two weeks, start timing yourself 9. After two weeks, start timing yourself. _____ Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. (2015课标卷II·40) E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them. F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training. G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time. G 空前句中的timing (给……安排好时间)，与选项G中的time是词语同根复现。

值得注意的是，有的题利用词语复现解题十分管用，但这并不意味着凡与上句或下句有复现词的选项就一定是正确选项，只是正确的可能性更大，在解题过程中需重点考虑或优选考虑而已。是否为正确答案，还得将含复现词的选项代入原文，看该选项与上下文是否真的衔接，只有上下衔接紧密的才是正确选项。如：

___38___ Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being. (2015课标卷I38) 同义复现 A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. 不能因为confidence的复现错选B 也不能因yourself的复现而错选C have confident in yourself =trust yourself

5. 代词逻辑亦管用 (1)代词衔接。 代词我们知道，七选五就是考查上下文之间的衔接，而代词是语篇衔接的重要手段之一，故解题中要善于利用这一衔接手段。如：

Try to solve the problem Try to solve the problem. After you’re calm and you have support from adults and friends, it’s time to get down to business. ___74___ Even if you can’t solve it all, you can solve a piece of it. (2012课标卷) ? D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. E. You need to figure out what the problem is. F. And don’t forget about your friends. 解析：本段主题句是“Try to solve the problem”,空后句又有solve it，其中it指什么？当然是the problem，因此，前句中一定会出现problem一词，七个选项中只有E项符合。

代词指代 13. Sometimes people simply can’t trust any more. _____ It’s understandable… (2015课标卷I·37) E C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim. E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again. F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

14. Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences 14. Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences. ______Trust is a risk. (2015课标卷I·36) B A. Learn to really trust yourself. B. It is putting confidence in someone. D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

17.●Get support. When you need help, reach out to the people who care about you. Talk to a trusted adult, such as a parent or other relatives. ______ They might have had similar problems, such as dealing with a test, or the death of a beloved pet. (2012课标卷·72) F A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through the tough situation. B. Notice your friends’ feelings and find a way to help them. F. And don’t forget about your friends.

(2)逻辑关系。 根据空格句与上下句之间的逻辑关系来解题，如解释关系(对前句或对主题的进一步解释)、并列关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系等。如：

原因为什么要帮助？ 结果因此要得到帮助 ● Get a coach ___51___, so get help. Since there are about a billion companies out there all ready to offer you public speaking training and courses, here are some things to look for when deciding the training that’s right for you. (2013课标卷II) 原因为什么要帮助？ 结果因此要得到帮助 因为tough所以get help C. Turn your back on too many rules D. Check the rules about dos and don’ts E. Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough

18. Most businesses seek to make a profit— that aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. ______ Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. (2013课标卷I·36) D C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals. D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs. E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.

19. Parents should help their children understand money 19. Parents should help their children understand money. _____ So you may start talking about money when your child shows an interest in buying things, candy or toys, for example. (2011课标卷·71) G E. Ask yourself what things that cost money are most important to you. F. Talk about how the money bought the thing after you leave the toy store. G. The best time to teach a child anything about money is when he shows an interest.

A. You aren’t like anybody else. 20. Your brain is so full of what you’re going to be talking about. ____ As far as we’re concerned…(2013课标卷II·54) G A. You aren’t like anybody else. F. The one thing you don’t want is for them to fall asleep. G. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worse.

主题句(总)+支撑句(分) (分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如： 6. 篇章需要基本功 有的题利用文章或段落的“总—分”结构关系来解，也很管用，但需要以下基本功：懂得整篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构通常是 主题句(总)+支撑句(分) (分述主题的具体内容/说明原因/举例证明等)。如：

From my experience, there are three main reasons why people don’t cook more often: ability, money, and time. ___36___ Money is a topic I’ll save for another day. So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen. (2014课标卷II) ? A. Try new things. B. Ability is easily improved. C. Make three or four instead. 解析：空前主题句中提到ability, money, time三个主要原因，空后提到了money与time, 所以这里应是谈ability, 故选B项。

众所周知，有问就有答，问什么就答什么。根据这一常识，对解题也很有帮助。如： By doing sth.通过做某事 (方式) The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. __36__ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. (2014课标卷I) 问方式用哪个词提问？ How C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

顺便说说，此题也可用同义复现解题。 还没有发明 同义复现 不存在 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. __36__ By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. (2014课标卷I) C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 同义复现 不存在

24. Everybody gets stressed from time to time 24. Everybody gets stressed from time to time. ______ Some ways of dealing with stress—like screaming or hitting someone—don’t solve much. But other ways, like talking to someone you trust, can lead you to solving your problem or at least feeling better. (2012课标卷·71) C. Different people feel stress in different ways. D. Ah, it feels so good when the stress is gone. G. Then, find a way to calm down. C 选项C中的“in different ways”与下面两句Some ways…But other ways…是“总——分”关系，衔接紧密。

此外，有时利用词语同现也有助于选出正确选项。所谓词语同现，也叫“词场”，就是有相互关联的词语在上下文中有同时出现的可能性。如school, teacher, student, headmaster, class, test, fall, pass, maths, learn等这些词就有可能在同一篇文章中同时出现。如：

Your children need to be deeply curious Your children need to be deeply curious. ___37___ Ask kids, “What ingredients (配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”(2014课标卷I) 词语同现 A. Encourage kids to cook with you. B. And we can’t forget science education. C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. 解析：与空后句中的ingredients(配料)，pancakes (薄煎饼)可能同时出现的，只有选项A中的cook，故选A项(鼓励孩子跟你一起烹饪)。

THANK YOU!