Revise the Infinitive

Do you believe she used to be very fat?

It’s hard for you _____________ now. _______ is to believe. How can you believe? It’s hard for you _____________ now. _______ is to believe. to believe that To see The infinitive

The definition of infinitive 不定式由“to + do (动词原形)”构成, 其否定形式是“not to do”, 不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。

形 式 主 动 被 动 一般式 进行式 完成式 完成进行式 to do to be done to be doing to have been done to have done to have been doing

I am glad to see you. He has decided to give her some money

I am very glad to be working with you I am very glad to be working with you. He pretended to be working hard when his boss passed him. 表示的动作通常与谓语动词表示的动 作同时发生。

He happened to have seen the film before He happened to have seen the film before. The novel is believed to have been translated into Chinese. 不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作 或状态之前。

主动语态 to do 被动语态 to be done It is an honor for me to be invited to attend the meeting. Everyone likes the hero to be praised.

1. 主语 (subject) 2. 表语 (predicative) 3. 宾语 (object) 4 1. 主语 (subject) 2. 表语 (predicative) 3. 宾语 (object) 4. 宾补 (object complement) 5. 定语 (attribute) 6. 状语 (adverbial) 7. 独立结构 (absolute construction)

1. 不定式作主语(subject) To keep smiling is healthy for you. 单个不定式作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 It’s important to look up the new words in the dictionary when you study English. 若不定式太长, 往往用it作形式主语, 不定式后置。

2. 不定式作表语(predicative) My job to protect the world. is

不定式常用在系动词be, seem, appear等后作表语，表示将来的动作或解释说明。 Seeing is to believe. To see is believing. To see is to believe. All you have to do is (to) finish the job quickly. 如果用来解释主语部分do的精确含义, 用作表语的不定式可省略to。

3. 不定式作宾语(object) Kobe likes to play basketball. I find it still necessary (for him) ___________ if he wants to win. to work hard 某些动词后往往用it作形式宾语, 不定式后置。 句型：think / consider / find /…+ it + adj. + to do

P13 常见动词不定式作宾语的动词有： agree, afford, appear, ask, attempt, care, choose, claim, dare, decide, demand, deserve, determine, expect, fail, get, hate, hesitate, hope, hurry, intend, learn, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, threaten, want, wish + to do

stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 doing sth. 停止做某事 forget to do sth stop to do sth. 停下来去做某事 doing sth. 停止做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 doing sth. 忘记已做了某事 remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 doing sth. 记得曾经做某事

4. 不定式作宾补 (object complement) My mum asks me to play the piano two hours every day.

P13 引导不定式作宾补的动词 warn, tell, allow, help, ask, force, expect … + sb. to do sth. The teacher told me ____________ ___________. to clean the blackboard

不定式作宾补时不带to的情况 1. 不定式在感官动词(feel, hear, listen to, watch, look at, notice, observe)后； 2. 使役动词 (let, have, make)后。 五看(watch, see, look at, notice, observe) 三使 (make, let, have) 二听(listen to, hear) 一感觉 (feel)

Comparison 1. They saw the boy fall suddenly from the tree. The boy was seen to fall suddenly from the tree. Mother made John wash the car. John was made to wash the car. 以上的动词用于被动式，to 要还原

5. 不定式作定语(attribute) 1. It is looking for a suitable dress to wear.

Detailed explanation 不定式作定语时常放在被修饰的名 词或代词之后 (a) She was very busy and had no time to visit her friends. (b) Ladies and gentlemen, I have something important to tell you.

2. 当名词被the first, the last, the only 等词以及形容词最高级修饰时 e.g. She is always the first to come and the last to leave. 3. 抽象名词chance, plan, ability等以及something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词常用不定式作后置定语。

4. 如果不定式是不及物动词, 则后面需加 适当的介词。 e.g. The donkey has a good pen to write ___. with

（不定式to send的动作执行者是you） 已被省略的me或someone else） 1) Have you anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗？ 2) Have you anything to be sent? 你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？ （不定式to send的动作执行者是you） （不定式to be sent的动作执行者是 已被省略的me或someone else）

e.g. I got up early _______________. 6. 不定式作状语(adverbial) e.g. I got up early _______________. to catch the train 在一些短语 中也有体现: in order to, so as to, enough to, only to

不定式作状语的作用 He spoke loudly (so as / in order) to be heard. 表示目的 2. He was so foolish as to believe it. = He was such a fool as to believe it. = He was foolish enough to believe it. 表示结果 3. He woke up only to find that he was sleeping outdoors. 出乎意思的结果

7. 独立结构(absolute construction) To tell the truth, I am not happy at the moment. to be frank to be honest to tell the truth

观察下列各句，说出划线部分在句中充 当什么句子成分。 1. It is not easy to learn English well.  2. He decided to buy that interesting novel the next day. 3. He was the last one to come into the meeting room yesterday. 主语 宾语 定语

4. We often hear him read aloud near the river every morning. 5. Her dream is to win a gold medal in the 2012 London Olympic Games. 6. Little Oliver was made to steal money from passersby. 补语 表语 补语

7. They hurried to the station, only to find that the train had just left. 8. Lee Lei makes it a rule to get up early every morning. 状语 宾语

单项填空 1. Today we have chat rooms, text messaging, emailing ... but we seem ___ the art of communicating face-to-face. A. losing                  B. to be losing    C. to be lost             D. having lost

答案为B。动词不定式作表语，系动词seem后接动词不定式作表语，此处表示“正在失去面对面交流的技巧”，故用动词不定式的进行式。

2. It’s important for the figures ______ regularly. A. to be updated   B. to have been updated C. to update           D. to have updated

答案为A。动词不定式作补语，宾语the figures与update之间是被动关系，而且谈及的是日常规律的事情，因此用动词不定式的一般式的被动式。

3. Simon made a big bamboo box ______ the little sick bird till it could fly. A. keep                                B. kept       C. keeping                           D. to keep 答案为D。动词不定式作状语 ，to keep the little sick bird作状语，表示谓语部分made a big bamboo box的目的。

4. The ability ______ an idea is as important as the idea itself. A. expressing            B. expressed    C. to express             D. to be expressed 答案为C。动词不定式作定语 ，to express an idea为后置定语，修饰ability。

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