句型我最行 --現在完成式文法大觀

現在完成式的意義 現在完成式表示動作或狀態在於過去某個非特定時發生,持續到現在為止的動作結果或狀態. 句型為: 直述句:主詞+have/has+(already)+過去分詞+受詞. 否定句:主詞+have/has+not+過去分詞+受詞(yet). 疑問句:Have/Has+主詞+過去分詞+受詞+yet?

現在完成式的用法 1.描述過去開始的動作或情況繼續到現在。 Ex. I have lived here for ten years. (表示我現在還住在這裡)

現在完成式的用法 2.描述過去某時發生的動作(或 說話之前的經驗)可能現在或 在未來重複發生. Ex. I have visited New York once. (這表示我可能再去紐約)

現在完成式的用法 3.描述一種動作在說話之前已完成, 且強調此動作與現狀有關. Ex. I have opened the window. (表示窗子仍然開著) Ex. I have caught a cold. (表示我感冒還沒好)

簡單過去式與現在完成式的比較 簡單過去式: 現在完成式: Ex. I ate dinner yesterday evening. 表示活動發生於過去的特定時間 Ex. I ate dinner yesterday evening. 現在完成式: 表示動作或狀態發生於過去的非特定時間,持續到現在.故句中無須陳述過去特定時間,而是著重從過去到現在為止的動作,狀態或經驗. Ex. I have already eaten dinner.

仔細看看以下的投影片,這些動詞變化,究竟有沒有規則可循呢? 過去分詞分類大考驗 仔細看看以下的投影片,這些動詞變化,究竟有沒有規則可循呢?

be do eat go have hear read see take teach write 過去式 過去分詞 be was/were been do did done eat ate eaten go went gone have had hear heard read see saw seen take took taken teach taught write wrote written

V原式 過去式 過去分詞 appear appeared brush brushed finish finished inspire inspired like liked live lived listen listened produce produced reach reached want wanted

你發現了嗎? 一般而言,規則動詞的過去式與過去分詞相同,都是現在簡單式動詞原形字尾加ed或d或去y加ied,或重複字尾加ed. Ex. stay-stayed-stayed like-liked-liked try-tried-tried stop-stopped-stopped

除了以上的規則變化的動詞外,其他則為不規則變化.不規則動詞的動詞三態(現在式-過去式-過去分詞)可分為四種類型: 1.A-A-A型:現在簡單式、過去式和過去分詞皆相同 Ex. put、put、put；cut、cut、cut 2.A-B-A型:現在簡單式和過去分詞一樣, 但與過去式不同 Ex. come、came、come；run、ran、run

3.A-B-B型:過去式和過去分詞一樣,但與現在簡單式不同. Ex. feel、felt、felt； hear、heard、heard say、said、said； teach、taught、taught 4.A-B-C型:現在簡單式、過去式和過去分詞皆不同 Ex. ride、rode、ridden； swim、swam、swum； eat、ate、eaten； give、gave、given

句型1 Have they done their homework (yet)? Has he his No, they haven’t Yes, they have (already) done their homework. he has his No, they haven’t done their homework (yet)? he hasn’t his

1-a. he/ brush his teeth

1-a. Has he brushed his teeth (yet) 1-a. Has he brushed his teeth (yet)? Yes, he has (already) brushed his teeth.

1-b. you/ see the movie

1-b. Have you seen the movie (yet)? No, I haven’t seen the movie.

1-c. Claire/ read the newspaper

1-c. Has Claire read the newspaper (yet) 1-c. Has Claire read the newspaper (yet)? Yes, she has (already) read the newspaper.

1-d. your cousin/ finish his report

1-d. Has your cousin finished his report (yet) 1-d. Has your cousin finished his report (yet)? No, he hasn’t finished his report (yet).

1-e. his grandma/ take her medicine

1-e. Has his grandma taken her medicine(yet) 1-e. Has his grandma taken her medicine(yet)? No, she hasn’t taken her medicine (yet).

1-f. he/ have breakfast

1-f. Has he had breakfast (yet)? Yes, he has (already) had breakfast.

句型2 How long have you been a doctor? lived in Taiwan? has he/she I since January. 1996. He/She has lived in Taiwan for seven years.

2-a. she/be a police officer/last month

2-a. How long has she been a police officer 2-a. How long has she been a police officer? She has been a police officer since last month.

2-b. Peter/write the letter/two hours

2-b. How long has Peter written the letter 2-b. How long has Peter written the letter? He has written the letter for two hours.

2-c. you/be a dentist/2001

2-c. How long have you been a dentist? I have been a dentist since 2001.

2-d. Sara/teach English/only two weeks

2-d. How long has Sara taught English 2-d. How long has Sara taught English? She has taught English for only two weeks.

句型3 She is not only famous but also successful.

Ex. Evonne is beautiful. Evonne is polite. Evonne is not only beautiful but also polite

The cats are fat. The cats are lazy. The cats are not only fat but also lazy.

3-a. the dog/cute/smart

3-a. The dog is not only cute but also smart.

3-b. the boy/lazy/dirty

3-b. The boy is not only lazy but also dirty.

3-c. Sara’s husband/ handsome/polite

3-c. Sara’s husband is not only long but also boring.

3-d. the movie/long/boring

3-d. The movie is not only long but also boring.

3-e. the man/ hungry/thirsty

3-e. The man is not only hungry but also thirsty.

3-f.Ken’s wife/beautiful/kind

3-f. Ken’s wife is not only beautiful but also kind.

You are so great! Let’s take a rest.