译林牛津版Book1 Unit 1 School life

Unit 1 School life Grammar and usage

Discussion What are they wearing? Can you describe the team using attributives?

Attributives The red team 2. The team in red 3. The team who are wearing red

Attributive clause Question: Which is an attributive clause? The red team 2. The team in red 3. The team who are wearing red adjective prepositional phrase attributive clause

Introduction An attributive clause modifies a noun in the same way that an adjective or prepositional phrase does. The noun it modifies is called an antecedent. eg. The team who are wearing red

Relatives The attributive clauses are usually introduced by relatives like which, that, who, whom，as and whose, or relative adverbs like where, why and when. eg. The team who are wearing red

Functions In the attributive clauses the relative words usually function as the: subject, object, predicative, attribute, adverbial eg. The team who are wearing red subject

As subject The boy is Tom. The boy is smiling. The boy who is smiling is Tom. The boy is Tom. The boy has a round face. The boy who has a round face is Tom. The boy is Tom. He sits in front of me. The man who sits in front of me is Tom.

The woman got the job. The woman can speak Russian. The woman who can speak Russian got the job. The teacher will give us a talk. The teacher is famous. The teacher who is famous will give us a talk.

As object The man is kind. Everyone likes him. The man (who) everyone likes is kind. The woman got the job. We saw her in the street. The woman (whom) we saw in the street got the job.

The teacher will give us a talk. We met the teacher yesterday. The teacher (whom) we met yesterday will give us a talk. We saw the student just now. He is the best runner in our school. The student whom we saw just now is the best runner in our school.

As predicative Jack used to be a lazy boy. He is no longer a lazy boy. Jack is no longer the lazy boy that he used to be. As attribute She has a brother. I can’t remember his name. She has a brother whose name I can’t remember.

As adverbial The school is in Shenzhen. He studied in the school. The school where he studied is in Shenzhen.

关系代词 that, which, who, whom 和whose的用法

关系代词who指人，作主语或宾语（作宾语常可省略）；whom指人，作宾语；whose指人，作定语； which指物，作主语，宾语，表语; that指人或物， 作主语、宾语、表语；as指人或物，作主语，表语，as的作用接近who和which;

Practice who / that The man _________stands there is Tom. The girl ____________I met is Ms Li. The boy ________watch was lost is Tom. The book _________lies on the desk is his. The pen ___________you bought is good. The magazine ________cover is red is nice. who / that (whom / that) whose which/that (which / that) whose

关系代词的用法

I. that和which 以下情况，引导词用that，不用which。 1. 先行词为不定代词everything，something, nothing, anything或由few, little，much，all，only, the very等修饰时，常用关系代词that来引导定语从句。如：

They go to the newspaper’s own library to look up any information that they need. 他们到报社的图书馆去查找他们所需要的资料。 This is the very book that I have been looking for. 这正是我在寻找的书。

The only thing that matters is to find our way home. 惟一要紧的事是找到回家的路。 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。 如： I was the only person in my office who was invited. 我是我们办公室唯一被邀请的人。

2. 先行词前有形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用关系代词that引导定语从句。如： The first thing that we should do is to work out a plan. 我们应该做的第一件事是订个计划。 Newton was one of the greatest men that ever lived. 牛顿是世界上最伟大的人物之一。

3. 先行词同时指人和物时，用that。如： We talked about the things and persons that we saw then. 我们谈论了我们当时所见的人和事物。 Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 瞧瞧那个沿街走过来的男人和他的驴子。

4. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时用that。如： Which is the dictionary that you want? 哪本是你要的字典？ Who is the man that is standing by the door? 站在门旁边的那个男人是谁？

Practice This is the best film _______I’ve seen. That is the last lesson ______I gave you. This is the very book ______I’m after. That is just the coat ______color is red. That is the right place ______he works. I still remember the schools and boys ______I met there. (that) (that) (that) whose where (that)

7. Everything ______you said is true. 8. Which is the book _____you want? 9. Who is the girl ______sits there. 10. All _____he said is true. 11. All _____is said by him is true. 12. Are there any problems ____trouble you? 13. I will make full use of the time ______there is left for me. (that) (that) that (that) that that (that)

Attention as作为关系代词还可用于the same…as和such…as等结构中。如： I’ve never heard such stories as he tells. 我从未听过他讲的故事。 This is the same dictionary as I lost. 这本字典跟我丢失的一样。

Practice 1. Such boys ____you mentioned are well. 2. The boys ____ ____you mentioned are well. 3. It is so difficult a problem ___no one can work out. 4. It is so difficult a problem_____no one can work it out. 5. She wore the same hat ____you wore yesterday. as such as as that as

6. You have made the same mistake _____you made last time.. 7. I had the same experience ____you have now. 8.She went to the same place ______she saw the key. 9. Those ____are present are well. 10. Is this factory _______he visited? that that where who the one

11. Is this the factory ___________he visited? 12.He is one of the boys who ______ present at the meeting now. 13.He is the only one of them who ______present at the meeting now. 14.He is the one of them who ______present at the meeting. (which/ that) are is is

Practice Two friends are talking about where to go after school. Complete their conversation with who, whom, which, that or whose. There might be more than one answer for some blanks.

practice Please read the passage on page 11 and complete it. Key: Kangxin: Are you going home, Conghui?

Conghui: No. I forgot to bring my key. I can’t go home until my mum gets home from work. I have to do my homework in a place _________ has desks and chairs. Would you like to come with me? that/which

Kangxin: Sure. How about the school library? We can do our homework in the reading room. Conghui: It’s a good idea, but I don’t want to study in a room ______ desks are too small for all my books. whose

Kangxin: All right then. What about my flat? We have a really big desk in my father’s study. Conghui: But I’m not one of those students ________ can do homework well in a new place. Besides, I might be who/that

reading the books in your father’s bookcase instead. Kangxin: You’re one of those people _____________ everybody will find hard to please, aren’t you? Conghui: I’m sorry. Let’s go to the library then. who/whom/that

Conghui: Hi, Aihua, how are you? Aihua: I’m fine, thanks. Are you returning books, Kangxin? Kangxin: No, we are going to do our homework in the reading room. Aihua: There are several reading rooms in the library. Which one are you going to study in?

Conghui: I’m not sure. I prefer one _________ has big desks. Aihua: Then you can go to the reading room on the first floor. Kangxin: Is that the reading room _________ has newspapers and magazines? Aihua: Yes. that/which that/which

Kangxin: Conghui wouldn’t like it. She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework. She seems to be a person ________ can’t pay attention to one thing for long. Conghui: No, I’m not. What makes you think that? who/that

Kangxin: I’m sorry. I was only joking. Conghui: That’s OK. Aihua: Why don’t you do your homework in our classroom? It’s a place _________ has big desks but no newspapers or magazines. that/which

Conghui: Yes! Let’s go! You see, Kangxin, I’m not a person ________ is hard to please. Kangxin: No, you are not. Thanks, Aihua. Aihua: You are welcome. who/that

Exercise 1. There are 54 students in our class, ______ 18 are girls. A. more than B. less than C. in those D. of whom 2. We’ll remember those days _________ we spent together. A. when B. in which C. in that D. which

3. The doctor _________ is leaving for Africa next month. A. the nurse is talking to him B. whom the nurse is talking C. the nurse is talking to D. who the nurse is talking 4. Next month, _________ you’ll spend in your hometown, is coming. A. which B. that C. when D. where

5. He had a bad cold, _____he didn’t attend the meeting. A. because B. because of which C. to which D. because of that 6. There is no dictionary ______ you can find everything. A. in it B. in which C. where D. in that

7. Do you want to buy the same radio _______ was shown on TV? A. what B. which C. as D. that 8. She was wearing the same dress __________ she had on the day before. A. that B. which C. where D. what

9. A new building will be built, _______ is reported in today’s newspaper. A. it B. as C. which D. that 10. All ________ is needed is a supply of oil. A. / B. that C. what D. which

高考链接 1. David was one of the most helpful students that we ever had. (P9) [考点] that 引导定语从句，修饰students, 从句谓语动词用复数；若在one of 前加the only, 则定语从句的谓语动词需用单数。

[考例] He is the only one of the students who ______ a winner of scholarship for three years. (上海2002春) is B. are C. have been D. has been [点拨] 因句中有the only,定语从句修饰的名词为单数；又因为该定语从句的时间状语是for three years, 所以需用完成时态。故选D项。

2. She will be reading newspapers and magazines instead of doing her homework. (P11) [考点] will be doing 是将来进行时，表示将来某个时刻在做的事，也可表示按计划安排将来要执行的动作。

[考例] At this time tomorrow ______ over the Atlantic. (北京2003) A. we’re going to fly B. we’ll be flying C. we’ll fly D. we’re to fly [点拨] 由时间状语at this time tomorrow 可知，此处表示将来某个时间正在发生的事，应该用将来进行时。故选B项。

重点词汇讲解： 1. develop vt. && vi. ~ sb. / sth. from sth. into sth. （使某人[某事物]）发展，发育，成长，发达 The place has developed from a fishing port into a tourist centre. 这地方由原来的渔港发展成一个旅游中心。

开发，利用（土地、水利资源等） The site is being developed by a London property company. 这块地正在由伦敦的一家地产公司开发。 冲洗（底片），使（底片）显影 How long does it take to develop these photos? 冲洗这些照片需要多长时间？

联想 developed adj. 先进的，发达的，成熟的 The average citizen in the developed world uses over 155kg of paper per year. 发达国家的普通公民每年消费的纸超过155千克。

developing adj. 发展中的 People in many developing countries are living a better life now. 很多发展中国家人民的生活都比以前好了。 development n. 发展，进展程度 What are the latest developments? 最近有什么新的发展？

请说出下列句中划线词的汉语意思。 1. When did you develop an interest in collecting cards? 2. The recent development of our town has been surprising. 3. America is one of the developed countries in the world. Key: 1. 培养 2. 发展 3. 发达的

2. please vt. 使（某人）满意或愉快 Our main aim is to please the customers. 我们的目的是让顾客满意。 vi. 想要; 喜欢 Come and stay as long as you please. 来吧！你喜欢住多久就住多久。

习语 yes, please接受好意时的客气话。 —Would you like some coffee? 你要点咖啡吗？ —Yes, please. 好的，谢谢。

联想 pleased adj. 欣喜的，满意的 Are you pleased with the new flat? 你对这套新公寓满意吗? I was very pleased to be able to help. 能够帮上忙我感到很高兴。 pleasant adj. 舒适的，讨人喜欢的 We spent a pleasant day in the country. 我们在乡下度过了愉快的一天。

pleasure n. 高兴，满足，乐事 It gives me pleasure to see you looking happy. 看到你一副快乐的样子我很高兴。

请用please的正确形式填空并说出其汉语意思。 1. I feel like doing something to _______ my mother. 2. The manager was ________ with my answers at the interview. please 使开心 pleased 满意的

3. It’s my ________ to talk to the headmaster face to face. 4. I’d like to go for a picnic on such a ________ day. pleasure 快乐；荣幸 pleasant 令人愉快的

Homework Talk about the picture on P10, using attributive clauses (free talk). Do workbook exercise C1 and C2. Preview Task.

Thank you