电大公共英语系列丛书 This Is English 1 虚拟语气 Subjunctive Mood 华亭电大工作站 李婷

下面看一段视频，由此引入对虚拟语气的讲解。 针对目前大学专科英语的《考纲》，虚拟语气是英语学习的重点，同时也是难点，本课件内容是把虚拟语气进行汇总、整理，以便学生更好地理解运用。 下面看一段视频，由此引入对虚拟语气的讲解。

抱歉！请耐心等待，视频播放速度有点慢！

虚拟语气的主要内容 一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气 时态一致 2. 混合条件句 3. 含蓄条件句 时态一致 2. 混合条件句 3. 含蓄条件句 4. 倒装句 5. If only 感叹 二、名词性从句的虚拟语气： 宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句 三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式 wish、as if/though、would rather、It’s time … It’s necessary/strange/matural/inportant+that从句

语气的分类 陈述语气 陈述事实或提出看法,有肯定,否定,疑问或感叹等形式 I went to the theatre yesterday. Jack hadn’t come back home yet. 祈使语气 请求,邀请, 命令,警告或劝告等 Let’s go. Don’t touch anything on the table until the bell rings.

虚拟语气 虚拟语气的概念 虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等(在条件从句中或让步状语从句中)；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等 (在宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)。

虚拟语气 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 一、在条件从句中 (叫虚拟条件句)，表示与事实相反的条件。分三种情况(以 do 为例)： 表示与事实情况相反 条件从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现在情况 过去式(did) (be常用 were) Would / could / might / should (用于第1人称) +动词原形(do) 表示过去情况 过去完成式 (had +done) Would / could / might / should +have done 表示将来情况 ①过去式 (did)/(were) ②should + do ③were to do Would / could / might / should + do

例句：1.If I had HIV, I would know because I would feel sick. 2.If I were you, I would give AIDS patient a hug. 3. If I had taken your advice, I wouldn’t have made a mistake. 4. If he had been there, it wouldn’t have happened. （与现在事实相反） （与过去事实相反）

5.If it should rain tomorrow, they wouldn’t go for an outing. 6.I think we could do it, if we planned it properly and could borrow the tools. 7. If we were to have three days off , we would enjoy a very happy life. (与将来事实相反)

二、错综时间的虚拟句 通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的, 但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式. 1. If I were you, I would have taken his advice. (从句指现在, 主句指过去)。 2. If I had taken my raincoat with me this morning, I would not be wet now. (从句指过去,主句指现在)。 3. If we hadn’t been working hard in the past few years, things wouldn’t be going so smoothly. （从句指过去，主句指现在）。 4. If the weather had been more favorable, the crops would be growing still better.（从句指过去，主句指现在）。 5. If we had not got everything ready by now, we should be having a more terrible time tomorrow. （从句指现在，主句指将来）  

三、含蓄条件句 有时假设的情况并不以条件从句表示出来,二是暗含在上下文中,比如通过介词短语来表示。这些介词常是：but for, without, otherwise等。如：    But for your advice, I could not have done it so successfully. 如果不是听了你的建议，我就不会做的如此成功。 The change could not have taken place without the open-door policy. 没有开放的政策，就不会有如此大的变化。 I was so busy then, Otherwise, I would have told him the answer. 我当时很忙，否则，我就会把答案告诉他的。

虚拟语气 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 四、省略 if 的条件从句 虚拟语气在 在条件从句中 四、省略 if 的条件从句 当从句中有 were, had 或 should 时，可省略if ，而把它们放在句首。 If I were to meet him tomorrow, I should ask him about it. Were I to meet him tomorrow,… If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again. Should he fail in the experiment… If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. Had you come a few….

If only …要是就好了 If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice!! If only I could see him again! 要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！ If only our parents could live with us! If only I hadn’t missed the train!

PRACTICE 1: Fill in the blanks. a. If they ____ (be) here, they __________ (take) your advice. b. If the world-war _____ (burst) out again, what _____________ (happen) to our people on earth? were would take burst would happen

c. If the policeman ________ (be not) in that room now, it ________ (be) very dangerous. d. If I ____ (be) in your position at this time, I _________ (ask) for teacher’s help . were not could be were would ask

If he __________ more carefully, he _________________ the car accident yesterday. had driven would not have had

PRACTICE 2: Fill in the blanks a. If Tom ________ (be) more careful in the exam, he ________________ (pass) it already. b. If you _______ (get) up earlier, you ________________ (catch) the first train. had been would have passed had got would have caught

c. If I _______ (meet) you yesterday, we ______________ (go) to the concert together. had met would have gone

五. 名词性从句的虚拟语气。 主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。 宾语从句。常见动词： 一个坚持：insist 两个命令：order, command 三个建议：advise, suggest, propose 五个要求：demand , require, request, desire ask 这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词 使用should + 动词原形，或者将should省略。

我们建议Tom 去休息一下。 他坚决要求我到场。 国王命令囚犯明天要实施死刑。 他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。 We suggested that Tom have a rest. He insisted that I (should )be present. The king ordered that the prisoners be killed the next day. They requested that we (should) send them to work there.

insist suggest 虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中 (should) practise was should be ① 表“坚决要求”,虚拟, should + do; ②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。 ①表“建议”，虚拟, should + do; ②表“表明、暗示” ，用陈述语气。 The teacher suggested that we ______________ more after class. （我们课后多练习） The look on her face suggested that she ________happy He insisted that all of us ___________there on time by any means. （我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿） He insisted that he _____________ the wallet(没有偷钱包). insist suggest (should) practise was should be didn’t steal

以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。 即：(should)＋V. order, advice, suggestion, proposal, demand, request, desire

It’s suggested that the plan be carried out. My demand is that she should come to see me once a week. All of us are for the advice that the chemical factory should be closed down.

would/could/might+V. should 六、虚拟语气特殊句型： 现在： 过去： 将来： 过去时（were） wish 的宾语从句 过去完成时 would/could/might+V. should I wish I were a bird.（现在） I wish I hadn’t made such a mistake.（过去） We wish our parents wouldn’t punish us. （将来） as if, as though 引起的从句，其用法同 wish 构成的宾语从句一样 As if/though和wish用法相同

They talked as if they had been friends for years. She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remembered the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday. They talked as if they had been friends for years. He looks as if he were drunk.

现在： 过去： 将来： 过去时 5. would rather (that) 过去完成时 过去时 I would rather you paid me now. I would rather you had gone, too. Don’t come. I would rather you came tomorrow.

6.It’s (about/high) time +(that)… should +V. 过去时 6.It’s (about/high) time +(that)… should +V. (Should不可省略) 你该走了。 It’s high time that you went. It’s high time that you were going. It’s high time that you should go. 我们该去睡觉了。 It’s time that we went to bed. It’s time that we should go to bed.

It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. 7. It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that-Clause 从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形 It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. It’s necessary that we should study hard.

下面请看虚拟语气练习题讲解，请等待！

虚拟语气 Exercises Alan ___ the party if he had gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 2.—It was the drug，not the disease，that killed the boy. —He would be still alive today if he ________ that drug. A.not take       B. hadn’t taken C. didn’t take  D. shouldn’t have taken

虚拟语气 3. If only I ___ to my parents! (But I didn’t.) A. listened B. had listened C. should listen D. would listen 4. Tom suggested that Ann ___ the house. A. sell B. sold C. shall sell D. would sell 5. I wish this bus ___ to the university. A. go B. went C. has gone D. had gone

虚拟语气 6. Simon looks as though he never ___ a square meal(吃得饱), though his parents feed him very well. A. get B. getting C. got D. should get 7. He is talking so much about America as if he ___ there. A. had been B. were C. was D. been 8. I ___ you some money, but I hadn’t got any then. A. would lend B. would have lent C. could lend D. may have lent

虚拟语气 9. – Have you ever been to Beijing? -- No, but I wish I ___. A. have B. will C. do D. had 10. I don’t think it is the right time that you __. A. will go B. went C. go D. must go 11. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it ＿＿＿＿. A. breaks   B. has broken   C. were broken   D. had been broken

虚拟语气 12.(2003上海春季高考题)Look at the trouble I am in! If only I ________ your advice. A.followed　　　　　　B.would follow C.had followed　            D.should follow 13.(2002上海高考题)It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ________ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. A.wouldn’t have fallen          B.had not fallen C.should fall                          D.were to fall 14.She insisted that she ________ ill of him behind him，but he didn’t believe it. A.hadn’t spoken                 B.shouldn’t speak C.wouldn’t speak                D.not speak

Thank you for attending! Goodbye