國立政治大學科技管理研究所所長 溫肇東 教授 2007.03.01 創新與創業精神 國立政治大學科技管理研究所所長 溫肇東 教授 2007.03.01
創新與創業精神內涵
National Agenda Singapore Korea Italy Japan Denmark Sweden Switzerland FACTOR -DRIVEN INVESTMENT -DRIVEN INNOVATION- DRIVEN WEALTH- DRIVEN Singapore Korea Italy Japan Denmark Sweden Switzerland U.S.A U.K. ? 出處:Porter(1990)National Advantage
Chances of Success for a High-Tech Start-up Idea to IPO 6 in 1,000,000 Plans to IPO 6 in 1,000 Funded to IPO 1 in 10 出處:Porter(1990)National Advantage
----George Hicks The Asia Wall Street Journal 10/26 1995 The myth of the Asian Century The only qualities that can carry a nation to the next stage of growth are originality, inventiveness, creativity, imagination and true entrepreneurship. ----George Hicks The Asia Wall Street Journal 10/26 1995
創新與創業精神 「過去十到十五年之間,出現於美國境內的創業型經濟型態,是近代經濟與社會史上所發生的最重要、最有希望的事件。」 彼得•杜拉克(1985) 「過去十到十五年之間,出現於美國境內的創業型經濟型態,是近代經濟與社會史上所發生的最重要、最有希望的事件。」 熊彼得 「創造性的毀滅」
創業精神的操作性定義 「參與新事業的形成、發展與成長的心境」 「所追求的機會遠超過目前所能控制的資源」 Ed Robert(1991) : 「參與新事業的形成、發展與成長的心境」 Stevenson(2000) : 「所追求的機會遠超過目前所能控制的資源」 拍立得創辦人蘭德: 「值得解決的問題是那些看似不可能的問題」
Timmons Model of the Entrepreneurial Process Opportunity Team Resources Business plan Fits and gaps Communication Creativity Leadership Uncertainty Ambiguity Capital market context Exogenous forces
AUTM Licensing Survey Name of Institution Total Sponsored Research Expenditures (million dollars) Invention Disclosures Received Total U.S. Patent Applications Filed U.S.Patents Issued Start-up Companies Formed U.C System 2,084 865 756 324 26 Johns Hopkins 1,033 355 331 106 10 MIT 727 425 316 152 31 U.W. 652 209 109 59 6 U.Ill. 568 191 95 5 U.Wis. 554 277 156 92 U.Pen. 529 223 165 50 Michigan 499 168 141 77 8 SUNY 448 186 150 72 4 Stanford 444 252 240 98
The Entrepreneurship Implementation and Support Pyramid Opportunity recognition Marshalling of resources in the presence of risk Building a business venture INITIATOR DEVELOPMENT TEAM CONSTITUENCY Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurial Behavior Entrepreneurism Group skill to scale up dramatically , Performance in key areas Beliefs Commitments Values Appreciation & support conducive policies Source: Marilyn L. Kourilsky,(1995)