韩婧 E-mail: hanjinghd1999@163.com Agreement 韩婧 E-mail: hanjinghd1999@163.com

Revision 55.  I only know the man by___ but I have never spoken to him. A. chance       B. heart       C. sight      D. experience （TEM-4,2001) by chance: 偶然 by heart:熟记，牢记，凭记忆 know sb by sight: 跟某人只是面熟（并不相识） by experience 通过经验 我只跟那个人面熟，但从未说过话。

( ) meat is tainted. A. That one-third B. One-third that C. Such a D. Few such 前 中

（ ）recommendation has so far been made by the technicians. A. several such B. No such a C. Such no D. No such recommendation: 不可数名词 several只能与复数名词搭配 no: 中位 such: 后位

定义 一致指句子成分之间或词语之间在语法形式上的协调关系。 主谓一致指主语和谓语动词之间在“人称”和“数”的方面的一致关系。

6.1 Three Guiding Principles The number of errors was surprising. The committee are unable to reach a decision. Either my sisters or my father is coming. Grammatical Agreement Notional Agreement Principle of Proximity

主谓一致的基本原则(P80) 语法一致原则 意义一致原则 就近原则

Some Examples Both boys have their own merits. Either answer is correct. Fifteen miles seems like a long walk to me. Fifty-six dollars was stolen from the cash register. Either my brothers or my father is coming. Neither Julia nor I am going.

单数主语与谓语动词的一致P81 1. 动词不定式、动名词、名词性从句做主语时+单数谓语 What the country needs is more jobs and lower taxes. Early to bed and early to rise makes one healthy, wealthy and wise. ( 指“早睡早起”一件事) Reading three classical novels and making some social investigations are assignments for the students during the holiday. ( 注意： 指不同性质的两件事，谓语用复数 )

单数主语与谓语动词的一致P81 2. 事件、国名、机构名称、宗教、军队、书籍等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 The Old Man and the Sea is a famous novel.

单数主语与谓语动词的一致 3. P81表格 注意：many a 后名词是单数，谓语动词用单数

以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题P83 1.由两部分组成的物体名称：scissors, pincers (pliers), glasses, shorts, trousers, suspenders(吊裤带）stockings(长筒袜)… 单独使用，谓语作复数 Joe’s new trousers are black and white. 2) 加单位词，单位词的单复数决定谓语动词 one pair of scissors is not enough. Two pairs of pliers, one large and one small, are missing from my tool box.

以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 2. 作复数的词：clothes (衣服), thanks(谢意), valuables(贵重物品), archives(档案、档案馆)， arms(武器), contents, eves(屋檐), fireworks(烟火), goods(货物), minutes(记录), morals(道德，品行),remains(遗体，遗物), stairs(楼梯), suburbs(郊区), wages(工资) High wages often result in high prices. His thanks were most profuse.(慷慨的，毫不吝啬的) The archives of this society are kept in the basement.

以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 3. -ings 结尾的名词：clippings, diggings, earnings, filings（锉屑） , lodgings, surroundings, sweepings等，谓语动词用复数 The clippings of the hedges are usually burnt. The sweepings have been disposed of. 例外：tidings(消息) 谓语动词单复数均可 Good tidings have / has cheered them up.

以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题 4. 单复数同形的名词：barracks(营房), headquarters(总部)，means(方法，手段)，series(系列)，species(种类)，works(工厂)等，谓语动词形式按意义一致原则处理。 A barracks was stormed by the enemy troops. Two barracks in the suburbs have been surrounded. The only means to achieve success is to appeal to arms.(诉诸武力) All means have been tried out to increase agricultural production.

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 表示确定数量的名词词组 1）若数量概念被视作一个整体，动词用单数; 一个个的个体，动词用复数 Five hours is needed to complete the outline. There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 2）分数/ 百分数+名词，动词形式由名词类别而定 Over sixty percent of the city was destroyed in the war. Thirty-five percent of the doctors were women. Two-thirds of the water has been wasted.

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 3）两数相减或相除，动词用单数 两数相加或相乘，动词单复数均可 Forty minus fifteen leaves twenty-five. Forty divided by eight is five. Seven plus / and five makes / make twelve. Five times eight is / are forty.

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 4) One in / one out of + 复数名词，正式语体中单数，非正式语体中可用复数 One in ten students has / have failed in the exam. one out of twenty was / were badly damaged.

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语 1）all of …, some of…, none of…, half of…, most of… ,a lot of…, part of…, the rest of…, lots of…, heaps of…, loads of…, scads of…, plenty of …名词类别决定单复数 Most of his money was used on gambling. Most of the members were there. P83

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 2) a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of + 名词，动词用单数 A substantial portion of the reports is missing. A series of accidents has been reported. A pile of logs was set beside the hearth(炉边).

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 3) a kind / sort / type of, this / that kind / sort / type of+ 单数名词，谓语用单数； That type of car is old-fashioned. 注意: 这样的结构中名词不能用复数 This kind of roses(×) That type of cars(×) Roses of this kind are very sweet. Cars of that type are old-fashioned.

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) these / those kinds / sorts / types of, many / several kinds of + 名词(三类名词皆可)，谓语用复数 These types of car are old-fashioned. There are several sorts of cheese for sale in the shop. Those kinds of insects are harmful.

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 4) many a + n, more than one +n, 语法一致原则，谓语用单数 Many a man has done his duty. More than one game was lost. 在“more + 复数名词 + than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数。 More persons than one have been involved. 卷入其中的远不止一人。

表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题(P83) 5) an average of / a majority of +复数名词，意义一致原则 An average of 25 persons apply each month. An average of 25 applications a month is not unusual.

6.4并列主语与谓语动词一致 and或both…and连接的两个主语, 意义为复数，谓语动词用复数 2）意义为单数，即并列主语作为整体考虑或在意义上指同一人，同一物，谓语用单数 Ham and eggs is a good breakfast. The secretary and treasurer is absent.

常用的指同一物的并列短语 war and peace, law and order, bread and butter, apple pie and ice cream, fork and knife, wheel and axle 轮轴 needle and thread love and hate egg and rice 蛋炒饭

and或both…and连接的两个主语 3) 有些带and的省略结构形似单数，而意义为复数，动词用复数（意义一致） Good and bad taste are inculcated(反复灌输、教育） by example. What I say and think are no business of yours.

4）and 连接的名词词组带有each, every, many a 等限定词时，动词用单数 Many a man and woman in this community finds himself or herself in need. Every boy and every girl in this room is entitled to a copy.

2. 由or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的并列结构，动词遵照就近原则 Either her father or her mother calls for her every afternoon. Either my father or my brothers are coming.

3. 主语后面跟有as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to , with ,along with, together with, except (but), besides, accompanied by, including, instead of, not to mention等引导的词组时，动词形式取决于主语本身的形式 The manager with some workers was working during the holidays. The father, as well as his sons, is going fishing.

6.5集体名词作主语与谓语动词的一致（语法一致/意义一致） 通常作复数的集体名词 police, people, cattle, militia, poultry, vermin Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides. Such vermin as bugs and rats are hard to get rid of.

2. 通常用作单数的集体名词 foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise The merchandise has arrived undamaged. All the machinery in the factory is made in China.

既可用单数也可用复数的集体名词 audience, committee, class, crew, family, government, public, group, council 等

4. a committee of / a panel of / a (the) board of +复数名词，动词用单数 A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter. The board of directors is responsible for the management.

6.6、6.7、6.8 自学

存在句中的主谓一致 就近原则 There is a book and two pens. There are two pens and a book.

Choose the best answer It is futile to discuss the matter further, because ( )going to agree upon anything today. (TEM-4, 2003) A. neither you nor I are B. neither you nor me is C. neither you nor I am D. neither me nor you are

The owner and editor of the newspaper ( ) the conference. A. were attending B. were to attend C. is to attend D. are to attend

Truth and honesty ( ) always best policy. A. are B. is C. have been D. become

Revision Mr. Wells, together with all the members of his family, ( ) for Europe this afternoon. (TEM-4, 2004) A. are to leave B. are leaving C. is leaving D. leave

Many a student and teacher ( ) making a careful study of ( ) own problems. A. are; their B. is; their C. are; his D. is; his

In order to set up industries, trained manpower, as well as sufficient capital, ( ). A. is needed B. are needed C. needs D. need

Which of the following sentences is Incorrect? A. Physics is an important subject. B. The Niagara Falls is in North America. C. The United States borders Canada. D. Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.

以-s结尾的地理名称 国名，系单一政治实体，用单数谓语动词 In early January 1976 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1953. The United States is a country of people with varied origins.

群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称用复数谓语动词。 The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world. The Straits of Gibraltar (直布罗陀海峡)have not lost their strategic importance.

群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称用复数谓语动词。 The west Indies (西印度群岛), apart from the Bahamas, are commonly divided into two parts. The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant and animal life.