语法复习 ——定语从句 一.英语句子从结构上看有三种类型： 2.并列句（Compound Sentence) 1.简单句（Simple Sentence) 2.并列句（Compound Sentence) 3.复合句 （Complex Sentence)

主语 ＋及物动词＋宾语 主语＋不及物动词 主语+连系动词+表语 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补 主语＋及物动词＋间宾＋直宾

（2）并列句：由两个或两个以上等立而又 相互独立的简单句构成，两个简单句由等立连词连在一起。 其结构是： 简单句+等立连词+简单句 He has studied English for only one year,but he can read and write now./Keep on and you will make progress. （3）复合句：由一个主句或几个从句构成的句子。从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立。根据从句在句中的作用，可分为名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三类。

定语从句 定义及其作用： 定语从句在复合句子中用来修饰一个名词或代词的从句, 受定语从句修饰的词叫先行词.定语从句可分为：限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。

A beautiful girl sells vegetables. A beautiful girl lives next to me.

The beautiful girl who lives next to us sells vegetables. 后 放置于名词之_____，修饰 名词的从句 先行词 1. 连接作用 关系词 2. 在从句中充当成分

三.定语从句： 由一个句子充当定语 从句的位置： 在名词或代词后 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词 引导词： 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 先行词： 被定语从句修饰的词 引导词： 引导定语从句的词 关系代词 关系副词 引导词的作用： (1)引导定语从句 (2)在从句中作一成份 (3)代替先行词在从句中的位置

连接词 关系代词 that , which ,who, whom ,whose,as 关系副词 when ,where ,why

关系代词的用法 √ √ √ √ × √ √ √ √ × √ √ √ × × √ 关系代词在从句中可以： 指人 指物 主语 宾语 that which who whom √ √ √ √ × √ √ √ √ × √ √ √ × × √ 何时可以省略？ 做宾语时可以省略

只用that的情况 1先行词既有人又有物时。 He talked about things and persons ________ they remembered in the school. 2先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much等不定代词时。 There is nothing ________can prevent him from doing it. 3先行词被any, only, few, no, some，very, little 等修饰时。   This is the very book ________ I’m looking for. 4先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 The first place________ they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. This is the best film ________have ever seen. 5 先行词被the only, the very修饰时。  Mr. Smith is the only foreigner ________he knows. 6 句中已有who或which,为了避免重复时。   Who is the man ________is standing beside Tom?

只能使用which的情况。 1、非限制性定语从句中。 Mary has a book, which is very precious. 2、在介词之后。 This is a house in which Lu Xun once lived. This is a house _______ Lu Xun once lived. This is a house _______ Lu Xun once lived in. This is a house in_______ Lu Xun once lived. 3、当主句中的主语被that修饰时。 e.g. That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.

which 和 as引导的非限制性定语从句 As as as 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换，但下列情况多用as。 1. 关系代词引导的定语从句居句首时。 e.g. ____we all know, the earth is round. 2. 当与such或the same连用时，一般用as。 e.g. Such books _____you tell me are interesting. I have the same plan______ you. As as as

3. 当从句和主句语义一致时，用as，反之则用which。 e.g. She has married again,______ was expected. She has married again, _______was unexpected. as which

e.g. She has been late again, ______was expected. 4. as在从句中作主语时，后面常接行为动词的被动语态，如be known，be said，be reported等，如从句中行为动词是主动语态，一般要用which作主语。 e.g. She has been late again, ______was expected. Tom has made great progress,______ made us happy. as which

二、由关系副词 when, where, why, 引导的 定语从句 先行词为表时间的名词，且在句中作时间状语， 关系词用when(= 介词+which )，若先行词在句中作 主语或宾语，则用that 或which. 如： I still remember the day ______the accident happened. I still remember the day __________was spent in the country. 3. How I regret the day _______ I wasted in the forest! / on which when that / which (which / that)

先行词为表地点的名词，且在从句中作地点状语， 关系词用where(= 介词+ which)，若先行词在 从句中作主语或宾语，则用which 或that. 如： This is the factory___________ my father works. 2. This is the factory ____________sends out waste water. 3. This is the factory __________we visited the other day. where (=in which) which / that (which / that )

先行词为reason，且在定语从句中作原因状语时， 用关系副词why(= for which )，若在从句中作 主语或宾语时，仍用which 或 that。如： /for which He refused to tell me the reason______ he was late. This is the reason __________ was given by him. The reason ____________ he explained was very simple. 4. He was late for work, but the reason ______ he missed the bus was not true. why which / that (which /that) that 同位语从句 The reason was that he missed the bus.

先行词为时way，且在定语从句中作方式状语， 关系词可用that, in which或省略；若在从句中作 主语或宾语，仍用that或which或省略。如： 1. The way ____________ he studies English is very effective. 2. The way __________ was thought of by him works well in practice. 3. The way ___________ he told me proved to be a good one. (that / in which) which / that (which / that )

三、“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词作介词的宾语时，可以和介词一起放在 先行词和从句之间，先行词是“人”用 “介词+whom”, 是“物”用“介词+which”.为了使关系代词紧跟先行词， 也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，这时， 先行词是人可用who/whom/that, 是物可用which/that. 例如： 1.The athlete _______you talked is a famous runner. = The athlete _______________ you talked to is a famous runner. 2.The city __________ she lives is very far away. = The city ___________ she lives in is very far away. to whom (whom/who/that) in which which/ that

3. The jar ___ ___ the housewife stores a lot of jam is broken. 4 3. The jar ___ ___ the housewife stores a lot of jam is broken. 4. In the deep valley there wasn’t a single person______ _______ the explorer could turn for help. in which to whom

四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的 定语，如果去掉，主句的意思不完整或失去意义。 这种从句与主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号 隔开。如： 1.The man who told me this refused to give me his name. 2. The noise that he made woke everybody up

非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切， 只是对先行词作附加说明，如果去掉，主句的 意思仍然很清楚，它实际上相当于一个并列分句。 这种从句与主句之间往往用逗号分开，不用that 引导。如： Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town. 2. They said they were French, which was not true.

1 The exact year _______________ Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008. 2 I borrowed the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week, ______________ my classmates recommended to me. 3Students should involve themselves in community activities _________________ they can gain experience for growth.. 4 I am looking forward the day ______________ my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her. 5 The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ___________a good impression is a must. that/which which where when which

6A company _________________profits from home markets are declining may seek opportunities abroad. 7P lease sent us all the information _____________you have about the candidate for the position. 8Egnlish is a language shared by several diverse cultures, each of ______________ uses it differently. 9 ___________we had expected, the new iPhone 5s has a plastic packing and is available in several colours. 10 The editor got an e-mail form a reader, __________asked him how to summit articles to the magazine. whose that which As whom

11This is the only problem which we can’t work out 11This is the only problem which we can’t work out. 12That’s the reason a sad film can contribute to comforting a sad person more than a pleasant one. 13Happines and success often come to those which are good at recognizing their own strengths. 14What surprised me was not what he sad but the way which he said it. 15If you risk something important you cause it to be in a dangerous situation that you might lose it . that why who that where

16 There are many countries in Asia, of them China is the largest one 16 There are many countries in Asia, of them China is the largest one. 17He may win the competition, in that case he is likely to get into the national team. 18 He was the only one of the boys who were late for class. 19Listening, in which much importance should be attached, is well worth practicing every day. 20I will never forget such a beautiful village which I spent my child hood with my grandparents. which which was to where

Step 5 Home work 全优设计P182 –183 报纸25期