名词要点精讲 名词是高考的热点和难点。从语法和词汇两个方面来考察 其用法，在单项选择、完形、改错中都可感知高考中名词 的考查点。 名词的分类（重点在于分清可数名词和不可数名 词及词类）

二.名词的数：I.可数名词的复数形式 1.规则变化 说明 词尾的加法 例词 一般情况 加-s boots ,houses 以s, x, ch结尾 加-es watches, brushes（N：stomachs） 多数情况下加es(以辅音字母加o结尾) tomatoes, potatoes, heroes 以o结尾 外来词或缩略词或以oo结尾的词，加s photos, pianos, zoos 以y结尾 以辅音字母加结尾，变y为i，加es stories, factories 元音字母加y 结尾，直接加s toys, boys 变f 或fe 为v,加es knives, wives, leaves 以f或fe结尾 直接加s roofs, beliefs, proofs 两种方法均可 handkerchiefs, handkerchieves

2.不规则变化 A．改变元音字母：tooth-teeth, goose-geese B．变词尾:child-children, ox-oxen C．单复数相同： sheep, deer ,fish ,Chinese D. 合成词： ①sister-in-law复数为sister-in-laws ②man doctor复数为men doctors ③passer-by 复数为passers-by ④Englishman复数为Englishmen E. 只有复数形式的词。clothes, trousers , shoes, shorts, goods ,glasses F. 形式上为复数，但意义却是单数的词：news, politics, maths G.形式上为单数，意义上却是复数的词：people, cattle, police

II．不可数名词：一般没有单复数之分，包括抽象名词， 物质名词和专有名词。一定要认清不可数名词,以免误用。 三.名词词类的转化。这是高考的命题热点。 1．物质名词转化为可数名词。 He prefers coffee to tea. (泛指的咖啡，不可数) ---What would you like to drink? ---A coffee, please. （一杯咖啡） Longjing is a famous tea in China.(茶的种类, 可数) 2.抽象名词转化为可数名词。 Failure is the mother of success. (失败与成功在此为抽象概念） As a teacher , she is a success, but as a mother, she is a failure because she devotes little time to looking after her child(成功者，失败者，可数)

Many people agree that____ knowledge of English is a must in___ international trade today. a; 不填　 B. the; an C. the, the 　D. 不填; the (A)

四.名词的格 属格 形式 应用场合 举例 用在表示有生命的名词后 Tom and Mike's room(两人共有) Tom's and Mike's rooms(两人分别所有) 用在时间名词后 three week's leave, today's paper 's属格 用在距离,长度名词后 twenty miles' journey 用在地点名词后 China's industry 用在天体名词后 the earth's surface 用在价格名词后 a dollar's worth of属格 用在表无生命事物名词后 the door of our classroom 双重 名词前有a, some, any, few, no, several 等词修饰时 a friend of my brother's several classmates of his

五.名词功用中定语的用法。 1．有些名词没有相同意义的形容词形式,因此常 直接以该名词作为定语，来修饰另一名词。 letter box信箱, mathematics students 数学专业的学生 2．名词修饰名词用单数形式。 　 street lights 街灯 phone books 电话簿

高考题选 1.My parents always let me have my own ____of living. (1999.上海25) A. way B. method　C. manner 　D. fashion 2.The new law will come into ___on the day it is passed. (1999上海) A. effect　B. use C. service D. existence 3.We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into ___.(NMET1997 38) A. fact　B. reality 　C. practice 　D. deed 4.We've missed the last bus. I'm afraid we have no ____but to take a taxi. (MET1993,33) A. way B. choice C. possibility D. selection

5. He dropped the ___and broke it. (Met 1993, 38) A. cup of coffee B 5.He dropped the ___and broke it . (Met 1993, 38) A. cup of coffee 　　B. coffee‘s cup 　　 C. cup for coffee　　D. coffee cup 6.Here‘s my card. Let’s keep in ____. (NMET1994 ,33) 　A. touch 　　B. relation　　 C. connection 　　D. friendship 7.He gained his ___by printing ___of famous writers.(NMET1995,40) 　A. wealth; work 　B. wealths ; works 　 C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 8.I'll look into the matter as soon as possible , just have a little ___.(MET 1996 ,10) 　A. wait B. time C. patience D. rest

9.If by any chance someone comes to see me, ask them to leave a ____.(NMET1997,18) 　A. message B. letter C. sentence D. notice 10.These football players had no strict ___until they joined our club. (1997.上海 20) 　A. practice B. education C. exercise D. training 11.Many countries are increasing their use of natural gas, wind and other forms of ___.(1996.上海.15) 　 A. energy 　　B. source 　　C. power 　　D. material 12.You'll find this map of great __in helping you to get round London. (NMET 1998 21) 　 A. price 　　B. cost 　　C. value 　　D. usefulness 13.We all know that ___speak louder than words. (1999.上海 24) 　A. movements 　 B. performances 　　 C. operations 　　 D. actions

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