第二单元 语言差异、汉英对比 曾昭涛 2010年

第一节 语言差异

在某种意义上说，翻译是一种弥合语言差异的过程。 如果没有差异就没有必要翻译了,。因此，翻译好坏就是欣赏这种差异弥合的巧妙程度。 翻译的其中一个目的就是交流，但是翻译未必达到交流的目的。如杨宪益先生翻译的《红楼梦》。因此谈双语交流要谈翻译，要谈语言差异。

本段讲解以教材为主 首先表现在形式上：语音和拼写（或文字外形） （11页） 构词方式： 见56页 构词方式：　见56页 用词倾向：具体与抽象（ 61—63）、重复与替换（63—64）。比较下列英语，分析具体的表达。 Men and nations working apart created these problems; men and nations working together must solve them. Working apart men and nations created these problems; working together they must solve them.

语言结构，即语法上：句型对比见39页，句法结构见41页。 句与句之间的连接方式：见49 –54页 段落与段落的衔接（见第五章） 语言所体现的思维方式：（主观与客观的差异（58--59）、动态与静态（59—60）、螺 旋与直入（62-63）、信息排列顺序（42）。 语言所承载的文化（东方的佛教文化与西方的基督教文化） （46）

第二节 案例分析

哪些地方翻译很难？ 黄山，位于安徽省南部，地处皖南歙县、黟县和休宁县的边境。面积约1200平方公里，其中精粹风景区约154平方公里。这里，千峰竞秀，有奇峰72座，其中天都峰、莲花峰、光明顶都在海拔1800米以上，拔地极天，气势磅礴，雄姿灵秀。 黄山，中国十大风景名胜之一，90年被联合国教科文组织列入“世界文化与自然遣产”名录，蜚声中外，令世人神往。 黄山集名山之长，泰山之雄伟 ，华山之险峻 ，衡山之烟云 ，庐山之瀑，雁荡之巧石，峨嵋之秀丽 ，黄山无不兼而有之。明代旅行家、地理学家徐霞客两游黄山，赞叹说：“登黄山在下无山，观止矣！”又留下“五岳归来不看山，黄山归来不看岳”的美誉。

黄山风景

翻译习作 要求：请翻译黄山简介，留意哪些地方十分难翻译。 借助老师提供的一些词汇翻译。 习作分析。　

习作分析（学生原文） Yellow mountain, located at south of Anhui Province, with about 1200 square kilometere. At the scene area with about 154 km square, there are 72 mountains, such as 天都峰，莲花峰、光明顶，which are 1800 m high above. It looks great and beautiful. Yellow mountain, one of the ten famous sites in China and was accepted to the organization of Culture and national heritage of the world, in the 90s. At the that time, it was well known to the whole world.

习作分析（学生原文） Yellow mountain beauty as 峨眉山 was magnificence as well as 泰山，precipice as well 华山， foggy clouds as 衡山，and the waterfall there are as well as 庐山，unique stone unique as 雁荡山 At one word, Yellow have all what the other famous mountains have. 400 years ago, Xu Xia Ke, the great traveler and geologist was traveled yellow mountain twice and left two sentence that said: there are no mountain when you climb yellow mountain” You’ll not to see the mountains if (08旅英王必原文)

修改版本 Yellow mountain, located in the south of Anhui province, about 1,200 square kilometers great. At the scene area of about 154 square kms, there are 72 mouns, some are 1800 meters above sea level. It looks great and beautiful. Yellow mountain is one of the ten famous scenes in China and one of the best known mountains in the world. Yellow mountain has all the beauties the other famous mountains have of China. One of the greatest travelers and geologists of China once traveled Yellow Mountain and said: “ there is no mountain you want see any more after you climb Yellow Mountain.” (08旅英王必修改版)

参考译文与原文比较 Of all the notable mountains in China, Mount Huangshan, to be found in the south of Anhui province, is probably the most famous. Originally known as Mt. Yishan it was renamed Mt. Huangshan in 747 AD in recognition of the legendary Huang Di, who was the reputed ancestor of the Chinese people.

Wu Yue is the collective name given to China's most important mountains, namely Mt. Taishan in Shandong Province, Mt. Huashan in Shaanxi Province, Mt. Hengshan in Shanxi Province, Mt. Songshan in Henan Province and Mt. Hengshan in Hunan Province. It is said that you won't want to visit any other mountains after seeing Wu Yue but you won't wish to see even Wu Yue after returning from Mt. Huangshan. This saying may give you some idea of the beauty and uniqueness of Mt. Huangshan. Together with the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Great Wall, Mt. Huangshan has become one of the great symbols of China.

Mt. Huangshan can boast not only its magnificence but also its abundant resources and great variety of zoological species, for which it has been listed as a World Natural and Cultural Heritage Site. （By Allan Zeng)

思考与点评 译文中哪些内容减少了？ 哪些内容增加？ 译文是否与原文基本一致？ 结构变了没有？ 内容的先后顺序变了没有？ 觉得这个翻译可以让外国人了解原文的内容吗？

汉英交流习作 在讲解完本段翻译以后，让学生适当熟悉翻译内容，然后要求他们用自己的语言翻译一段或写一段介绍黄山的英语简介。写一段自己能够轻松表达的英文，不要求全部翻译出来，但是要把黄山出色的特点写出来。

学生改编结果摘录 学生改编结果摘录

思考与学习方向 比较同一原文不同层次翻译：高水平、中水平、初级水平。 与文学翻译联系起来分析 广州翻译协会年会的上的学术报告

本单元结束 还有什么问题吗？ 对语言交流的困难有了准备没有？