F3A 飞行与评分指南 Flying and Judging F3A A-18 动作图解 徽洋F3A 编译

(不评分Not judged, 不计分数Not scored ) 起飞程序 Take-off procedure (不评分Not judged, 不计分数Not scored ) wind 1200 安全线 safety line

Triangle loop with ½ roll, ½ roll ½滚 ½滚 正飞进入, 在中间做1/2滚, 推3/8筋斗进入45度向上爬升, 推1/4筋斗进入45度下降, 推3/8筋斗,在中间做1/2滚, 正飞结束。 From upright, perform a ½ roll in the centre, push through a 3/8 loop into a 45° upline, push through ¼ loop into a 45° downline, push through a 3/8 loop, perform a ½ roll in the centre, exit upright. A-18.01.01

A-18.01 三角筋斗加1/2滚，1/2滚 Triangle loop with ½ roll, ½ roll 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal 45° 进入和改出必须在相同高度 Entry and exit must be at the same altitude 半滚位于直线段的中间 ½ rolls on center line. A-18.01.02

A-18.02 水滴加双向1/2滚，1/2滚 Figure Et with consecutive two ½ rolls in opposite directions, ½ roll 半滚 双向半滚 正飞进入, 拉1/8筋斗进入45度爬升，做双向1/2滚，拉5/8筋斗进入垂直下降，做1/2滚，拉1/4筋斗，正飞结束。 From upright, pull through a 1/8 loop into a 45° upline, perform consecutively two ½ rolls in opposite directions, pull through a 5/8 loop into a vertical downline, perform ½ roll, pull through a ¼ loop, exit upright. A-18.02.01

所有R角半径相等All radii are equal Figure Et with consecutive two ½ rolls in opposite directions, ½ roll 双向½滚和½滚位于直线段的中间 ½ rolls centered on middle of the lines. 双向½滚之间不能有直线段（停顿） Between part rolls in opposite direction there must be no line. 45° 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.02.02

A-18.03 古巴8字加一周滚，一周滚 Cuban 8 with roll, roll 一周滚 roll 一周滚roll 正飞进入，拉5/8筋斗进入45度下降，做一周滚，推3/4筋斗进入45度下降，做一周滚，拉1/8筋斗，正飞结束。 From upright, pull through a 5/8 loop into a 45° downline, perform a roll, push through a ¾ loop into a 45° downline, perform a roll, pull through a 1/8 loop, exit upright. A-18.03.01

A-18.03 古巴8字加一周滚，一周滚 Cuban 8 with roll, roll 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal 一周滚位于直线段的中间 Rolls on middle of the lines. 45° 进入和改出必须在相同高度 Entry and exit must be at the same altitude A-18.03.02

Half square loop with ½ roll 半滚 正飞姿态进入，拉起1/4筋斗进入垂直爬升，做1/2滚，推起1/4筋斗，正飞姿态结束。 From upright, pull through a ¼ loop into a vertical upline, perform a ½ roll, push through a ¼ loop, exit upright. A-18.04.01

Half square loop with ½ roll 半滚位于直线段的中间 ½ Roll on middle of the line. 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.04.02

Reverse Cobra Roll with consecutive two ¼ rolls 正飞进入，推1/8筋斗进入45度下降，拉1/4筋斗进入45度爬升，做两个连续的1/4滚，拉1/8筋斗，倒飞结束。 From upright, push through a 1/8 loop into a 45° downline, pull through a ¼ loop into a 45° upline, perform consecutively two ¼ rolls, pull through a 1/8 loop, exit inverted. A-18.05.01

Reverse Cobra Roll with consecutive two ¼ rolls 1/4 ¼滚位于直线段的中间 ¼ Roll on middle of the line. 位滚之间的线段（停顿） 必须短暂并且清晰 Lines between part rolls must be short and of recognizable length. 45° 1/4 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.05.02

Inverted Spin with two turns A-18.06 倒飞失速螺旋两周 Inverted Spin with two turns 倒飞进入，完成倒飞螺旋两周，接垂直下降，拉1/4筋斗，正飞结束。 From inverted, perform an inverted spin with two turns, perform a vertical dowline, pull through a ¼ loop, exit upright. A-18.06.01

Inverted Spin with two turns A-18.06 倒飞失速螺旋两周 Inverted Spin with two turns 快滚进入 零分！ Snap entry - Zero points! 螺旋俯冲 零分！ Spiral dive - Zero points! 强行进入 扣分。 Forced entry - Downgrade. A-18.06.02

A-18.07 9字加1/2滚 Figure 9 with ½ roll 中心 Center 半滚½ roll 正飞进入，拉起一个1/4筋斗进入垂直爬升，做1/2滚，推3/4筋斗，倒飞结束。 From upright, pull through a ¼ loop into a vertical upline, perform a ½ roll, push through a ¾ loop, exit inverted. A-18.07.01

A-18.07 9字加1/2滚 Figure 9 with ½ roll 中心 Center ½横滚位于直线段的中间 ½ rolls centered on middle of the line. 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.07.02

Push-Pull-Push Humpy-Bump with consecutive two ¼ rolls A-18.08 推-拉-推驼峰, 带两个连续的1/4滚 Push-Pull-Push Humpy-Bump with consecutive two ¼ rolls ¼ 滚 ¼ 滚 倒飞进入，推1/4筋斗进入垂直爬升，拉1/2筋斗进入垂直下降，做两个连续的1/4滚，推1/4筋斗，倒飞结束。 From inverted, push through a ¼ loop into a vertical upline, pull through a ½ loop into a vertical downline, perform consecutively two ¼ rolls, push through a ¼ loop, exit inverted. A-18.08.01

Push-Pull-Push Humpy-Bump with consecutive two ¼ rolls A-18.08 推-拉-推驼峰, 带两个连续的1/4滚 Push-Pull-Push Humpy-Bump with consecutive two ¼ rolls ¼滚位于直线段的中间 ¼ rolls centered on middle of the line. 位滚之间的线段（停顿）必须短暂并且清晰 Lines between part rolls must be short and of recognizable length. ¼ ¼ 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.08.02

Push-Pull-Push Humpy-Bump with ¼ roll, ¼ roll A-18.08 推-拉-推驼峰, 可选做：加1/4滚，1/4滚 Push-Pull-Push Humpy-Bump with ¼ roll, ¼ roll 可选做 Option ¼ roll ¼ roll 可选做：倒飞进入，推1/4筋斗进入垂直爬升，做一个1/4滚，拉1/2筋斗进入垂直下降，做一个1/4滚，推1/4筋斗，倒飞结束。Option: From inverted, push through a ¼ loop into a vertical upline, perform a ¼ roll, pull through a ½ loop into a vertical downline, perform a ¼ roll, push through a ¼ loop, exit inverted. A-18.08.03

Push-Pull-Push Humpy-Bump with ¼ roll, ¼ roll A-18.08 推-拉-推驼峰, 可选做：加1/4滚，1/4滚 Push-Pull-Push Humpy-Bump with ¼ roll, ¼ roll 可选做 Option ¼ 1/4滚位于直线段的中间 1/4 rolls centered on middle of the lines. ¼ 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.08.04

Stall Turn with ¾ roll, ¼ roll 倒飞进入，推1/4筋斗进入垂直爬升，做一个3/4滚，失速倒转进入垂直下降，做一个1/4滚，推1/4筋斗，倒飞结束。 From Inverted, push through a ¼ loop into a vertical upline, perform a ¾ roll, perform a stall turn into a vertical downline, perform a ¼ roll, push through a ¼ loop, exit inverted. A-18.09.01

倒转半径等于或超过2倍机翼翼展 -- 零分！！ A-18.09 失速倒转加3/4滚，1/4滚 Stall Turn with ¾ roll, ¼ roll 倒转前停止上升 Stop before pivot 倒转半径等于或超过2倍机翼翼展 -- 零分！！ Two wing spans or more – zero points! 围绕飞机重心倒转 Pivot on CG ¼ 所有滚位于直线段的中间 All rolls centered on middle of the lines. ¾ 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.09.02

A-18.10 半倒古巴8字 Half Reverse Cuban 8 倒飞进入，推1/8筋斗进入45度爬升，拉5/8筋斗，正飞结束。 From inverted, push through a 1/8 loop into a 45° upline, pull through a 5/8 loop, exit upright. A-18.10.01

所有R角半径相等All radii are equal Half Reverse Cuban 8 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.10.02

Knife-Edge flight with ¼ roll, ¼ roll A.18.11 侧飞加1/4滚，1/4滚 Knife-Edge flight with ¼ roll, ¼ roll ¼ 滚 ¼ 滚 正飞进入，做1/4滚，侧飞，做1/4滚，正飞结束。 From upright, perform a ¼ roll, perform a knife-edge flight, perform a ¼ roll exit upright. A-18.11.01

Knife-Edge flight with ¼ roll, ¼ roll A.18.11 侧飞加1/4滚，1/4滚 Knife-Edge flight with ¼ roll, ¼ roll 侧飞时机翼必须保持垂直 During the knife-edge the wing must be in the vertical plane. ¼ ¼ A-18.11.02

Immelman Turn with ½ roll 半滚 正飞进入，拉起1/2筋斗，紧接着做1/2滚，正飞结束。 From upright, pull through a ½ loop, perform a ½ roll, exit upright. A-18.12.01

Immelman Turn with ½ roll 半滚必须紧接在1/2筋斗之后 The ½ roll must follow immediately after the ½ loop. A-18.12.02

Loop with ½ roll integrated ½同步滚 ½ roll integrated 正飞进入，推一个筋斗，在筋斗最后的90度圆弧上同步做一个半滚，倒飞改出 From upright, push through a loop while integrating a ½ roll in the last 90°, exit inverted. A-18.13.01

Loop with ½ roll integrated ½滚必须和筋斗的轨迹同步 The ½ rolls must be integrated on circular flightpath of the loop. 筋斗必须是正圆Loops must be round A-18.13.02

Half Square Loop on Corner 倒飞进入，拉1/8筋斗进入45度下降，拉1/4筋斗进入45度下降，拉1/8筋斗，正飞结束。 From inverted, pull through a 1/8 loop into a 45° downline, pull through a ¼ loop into a 45° downline, pull through a 1/8 loop, exit upright. A-18.14.01

Half Square Loop on Corner 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.14.02

A-18.15 双钥（1/2四叶玫瑰） Double Key 正飞进入，拉1/4筋斗进入垂直爬升，拉5/8筋斗进入45度下降，拉1/4筋斗进入45度爬升，拉5/8筋斗进入垂直下降，拉1/4筋斗，正飞结束。 From upright, pull through a ¼ loop into a vertical upline, pull through a 5/8 loop into a 45° downline, pullthrough a 1/4 loop into a 45° upline, pull through a 5/8 loop into a vertical downline, pull through a ¼ loop, exit upright. A-18.15.01

A-18.15 双钥（1/2四叶玫瑰） Double Key 垂直上升和下降的轨迹应一致 Vertical up and downline must be congruent. 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.15.02

A-18.15 双钥（1/2四叶玫瑰） Double Key 根据规则中的动作描述，此动作的中间部分，可以位于偏高的位置 According to the maneuver description the maneuver may be flown with higher middle. 正飞进入，拉1/4筋斗进入垂直爬升，拉5/8筋斗进入45度下降，拉1/4筋斗进入45度爬升，拉5/8筋斗进入垂直下降，拉1/4筋斗，正飞结束。 From upright, pull through a ¼ loop into a vertical upline, pull through a 5/8 loop into a 45° downline, pullthrough a 1/4 loop into a 45° upline, pull through a 5/8 loop into a vertical downline, pull through a ¼ loop, exit upright. A-18.15.03

A-18.15 双钥（1/2四叶玫瑰） Double Key 垂直上升和下降的轨迹应一致 Vertical up and downline must be congruent. 根据规则中的动作描述，此动作的中间部分，可以位于偏高的位置 According to the manoeuvre describtion the manoeuvre may be flown with higher middle. 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal A-18.15.04

A-18.16 半古巴8字加1/2滚 Half Cuban 8 with ½ roll ½ roll 正飞进入，拉5/8筋斗进入45度下降，做1/2滚，拉1/8筋斗，正飞结束。 From upright pull through a 5/8 loop into a 45° downline, perform a ½ roll, pull through a 1/8 loop, exit upright. A-18.16.01

A-18.16 半古巴8字加1/2滚 Half Cuban 8 with ½ roll 1/2滚位于直线段的中间 ½ rolls centered on middle of the line. 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal 45° A-18.16.02

Square Loop with, ½ roll, ½ roll 半滚(2) 半滚(1) 正飞进入，做一个方筋斗并在爬升和下降边各做1/2滚，正飞结束。 From upright perform a square loop while per-forming a ½ roll in the up leg and a ½ roll in the down leg, exit upright. A-18.17.01

Square Loop with, ½ roll, ½ roll 所有R角半径相等All radii are equal 半滚位于直线段的中间 ½ roll centered on middle of the line. 进入和改出必须在相同高度 Entry and exit must be at the same altitude A-18.17.02

着陆程序 Landing procedure ( 不评分not judged, 不计分数not scored ) 着陆方向可以与起飞方向不同 The direction of the landing may be different to the take off. 风向 Wind 1200 安全线 Safety line

原文作者FAI-F3A委员会主席 © Peter Uhlig, November 2016 忘记是什么人在飞行Forget WHO is flying (朋友friend, 对手rival, 同胞countryman, 国外选手flier from other nation) 忘记是什么机型在飞Forget WHAT is flying (二冲程 2-stroke,四冲程 4-stroke, 电动 electric) 只关注于飞机在空中所描绘的轨迹 LOOK ONLY AT LINES DESCRIBED IN THE SKY! (以及动作的准确，柔和，位置，大小) (and the precision, smoothness, positioning, and size) 谢谢 Thank you! 原文作者FAI-F3A委员会主席 © Peter Uhlig, November 2016